陕西关中不同年代小麦品种产量及氮素吸收利用对土壤肥力的响应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.23.018

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 With the aim of investigating the responses of grain yield and nitrogen efficiencies of winter wheat cultivars released in different decades to various levels of soil fertility status in Shaanxi Guanzhong Plain. 【Method】 The performance of three representative leading wheat cultivars released from 1980s to 2010s under a gradient of soil fertility levels, which had been receiving diverse fertilization treatments for 33 years was evaluated. The winter wheat cultivars are cultivar Xiaoyan 6 in 1980s, cultivar Xiaoyan 22 at the end of 1990s and cultivar Xinong 979 after 2005. The fertilization treatments including different quantities and/or types of mineral fertilizers and organic manure, they are control (CK, no nutrient input), combination of two rates of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers (N1P1, N2P2) and their combination with two doses of organic manure (M1N1P1, M1N2P2, M2N1P1, M2N2P2). 【Result】 The results showed that the grain yield and harvest index of wheat showed an increasing trend with cultivar evolution under same soil fertility level, particularly under higher fertility soils. The grain yield of wheat increased with the improving soil fertility and the amount of fertilizers supplied, with the highest yield increase observed for cultivar Xinong 979 ranged from 151.0% to 610.5%, the least for cultivar Xiaoyan 6 at a range of 148.1%-341.8%, and the cultivar Xiaoyan 22 in between ranged from 127.9% to 349.7%. The soil fertility and cultivar showed a significant interaction effect on grain yield and harvest index of wheat, under lower soil fertility, the grain yield of cultivar Xiaoyan 6 was higher than that of cultivar Xinong 979, and vice versa under high fertility. The nitrogen requirement for producing 100 kg wheat grain showed a decreasing trend with cultivar evolution, but it tended to increase with the increasing soil fertility and the quantity of fertilizers supplied for individual variety. And a considerable interaction effect of soil fertility and cultivar was also observed on the nitrogen requirement for producing 100 kg wheat grain. Both nitrogen physiological efficiency and nitrogen agronomic efficiency showed the increasing trends with cultivar evolution. But the former tended to be declined with improving soil fertility while the latter exhibited the features of a parabolic curve with increasing amount of fertilizer/manure applied. There is no interaction effect of soil fertility and cultivar on nitrogen physiological efficiency and nitrogen agronomic efficiency of winter wheat. 【Conclusion】 The updated wheat varieties could achieve improvingly higher grain yield potential and increased nitrogen efficiencies only under high fertility soil conditions where the nutrients are sufficiently supplied in Shaanxi Guanzhong Plain. Therefore, cultivation of new varieties should be synchronized with the improving soil fertility to assure food security and reach a sustainable agricultural production.

Key words: wheat cultivar, soil fertility, grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency

HAN Xiao-yu, HUANG Fang, WANG Zheng, ZHANG Shu-lan,YANG Xue-yun . Responses of Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Wheat Cultivars Released in Different Decades to Soil Fertility in Shaanxi Guanzhong Plain[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(23): 4769-4780.

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