抽穗灌浆早期高温与干旱对不同水稻品种产量和品质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.22.003

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】Heading/flowering and early grain filling are the most stress-sensitive periods in rice growth and development. However, little is known about how high temperature and water stress during these periods affect rice yield and grain quality. This study investigated pollen development, yield components, grain quality and some physiological parameters under high temperature and water stress during heading and early grain filling periods.【Method】Two conventional indica rice cultivars, Shuanggui 1 (heat-sensitive) and Huanghuazhan (heat-tolerant), and two super rice cultivars, Liangyoupeijiu (indica-inclined two-line hybrid) and Yangjing 4038 (japonica), were grown in pots and subjected to high temperature treatments (HT, maximum temperature during the day at 37.5℃), soil drying treatments (SD, soil water potential at -30±10 kPa) and high temperature plus soil drying treatments (HT+SD), and the natural temperature plus well-watered treatment was taken as the control (CK).【Result】The results showed that high temperature, soil drying or high temperature plus soil drying treatments significantly reduced pollen fertility rate, fertilization rate, seed-setting rate, grain yield, milled rice, head rice and break down viscosity, increased chalky grains, chalkiness degree and setback viscosity in each cultivars. The effect was more obvious on heat-sensitive than on heat-tolerant cultivars, and more evident on Liangyoupeijiu and Yangjing 4038 than on Shuanggui 1 and Huanghuazhan under both high temperature and high temperature plus soil drying treatments. The result was discrepant under soil drying treatments, the extent of the decrease or increase was more on heat-sensitive than on heat-tolerant cultivars, but more evident on Shuanggui 1 and Huanghuazhan than on Liangyoupeijiu and Yangjing 4038. The effect of high temperature treatments, soil drying treatments or high temperature plus soil drying treatments on yield and grain quality was consistent with that on root activity, net photosynthetic rate of the flag leaf and activities of antioxidative enzymes.【Conclusion】The results suggest that the reduction of grain yield and grain quality under high temperature or soil drying treatments during heading and early grain filling varies largely with rice cultivars. Heat-tolerance is better for Shuanggui 1 and Huanghuazhan than for Liangyoupeijiu and Yangjing 4038, and drought-tolerance is stronger for Liangyoupeijiu and Yangjing 4038 than for Shuanggui 1 and Huanghuazhan. Stronger root activity and antioxidative defense system and greater net photosynthetic rate of the flag leaf would be an important physiological mechanism in maintaining a higher grain yield for a rice variety under high temperature or drought stress.

Key words: rice , high temperature , soil drying , grain yield , quality

DUAN , HUA , TANG , QI , JU Cheng-Xin, LIU Li-Jun, YANG Jian-Chang. Effect of High Temperature and Drought on Grain Yield and Quality of Different Rice Varieties During Heading and Early Grain Filling Periods[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(22): 4561-4573.

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