Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2012, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (20): 4224-4232.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.20.012

• AGRICULTURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

The Effect of Different Nitrogen Concentrations on Fennel Plant Growth, Essential Oil Contents and Components (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)

 HE  Jin-Ming, XIAO  Yan-Hui, WANG  Yu-Mei, PAN  Chun-Xiang   

  1. 1.韶关学院英东农业科学与工程学院，广东韶关  512005
  • Received:2012-03-19 Online:2012-10-15 Published:2012-09-12

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Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of this study was to reveal the response characteristics and the internal correlation of plant growth and essential oil accumulation to nitrogen concentrations. 【Method】 Effect of different nitrogen concentrations on fennel plant growth, essential oil content and components was studied by using the method of solution culture, with Japanese garden formula’s nitrogen content as 1N, and 1/8N, 1/4N, 1/2N, 1N and 2N as designed treatment. 【Result】 With the increase of nitrogen concentration, the plant height, branch number, inflorescence number, number of nodes, shoot fresh weight (FW), fresh and dry weight (DW) of whole plant and yield of essential oil per plant had a trend that firstly increase then decrease, and the maximum values were all in 1N. Total nitrogen, protein nitrogen and pigment contents increased continuously, while total carbon, soluble sugar and essential oil contents and C/N ratio exhibited an opposite trend with increasing nitrogen concentrations. Correlation analysis showed that: total nitrogen content was significantly correlated to protein nitrogen content; total carbon and soluble sugar contents were significantly correlated to C/N ratio; total nitrogen, protein nitrogen contents were significantly and negatively correlated to total carbon content and soluble sugar contents and C/N ratio; essential oil content was significantly correlated with total carbon and soluble sugar contents; yield of essential oil per plant was significantly correlated to total nitrogen, protein nitrogen contents. A total of 23 kinds of components in essential oil were identified, but there were no differences in components of essential oil among different N concentration treatments. However, relative contents of components were significantly different when p<0.01 and p<0.05. (E)-anethole is the dominant essential oil component, contributing 63.89% to 79.28% of the total amount of oil. The second most abundant chemical was limonene, ranging from 5.65% to 18.28% in the total amount of oil, while dill apiol, the third abundant chemical, had the relative amount of  2.26% to 12.61%.【Conclusion】Different nitrogen concentrations not only affect the fennel plant growth, but also affect the yield and concentration of essential oil. Appropriate concentration of nitrogen can contribute to the high rate of plant growth and yield of essential oil.

Key words: nitrogen concentrations, fennel, growth, essential oil

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