沙葱及其提取物对小尾寒羊生产性能、胴体特征、肉品质和血清生化指标的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.17.016

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of Allium mongolicum Regel and its extracts on the production performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and serum biochemical indexes of Small Tailed-Han Sheep, and to provide an experimental basis for the development of feed additives for captive sheep. 【Method】 Sixty 3-month-old, male, Small-Tailed Han sheep were selected and allocated into four groups in a randomized block design. There were four treatments with 3 replications each: 1) a basal diet as the control group; 2) the basal diet supplemented with 10 g•lamb^-1•d^-1 Allium mongolicum Regel powder as the AMR group; 3) the basal diet supplemented with 3.4 g•lamb^-1•d^-1 Allium mongolicum Regel water extract as the AWE group; and 4) the basal diet supplemented with 2.8 g•lamb^-1•d^-1 Allium mongolicum Regel ethanol extract as the AFE group. The experiment lasted for 75 days, including a 15-day preliminary feeding period for adaptation and a 60-day experimental feeding period. The production performance of small-tailed Han sheep was measured during experimental feeding period, and the serum biochemical indexes were measured by fasting jugular blood collection at the end of experimental feeding period, followed by slaughter of 2 sheep randomly selected in each replication and carcass characteristics (Hot carcass weight, Carcass yield, perirenal adipose tissue weight, dorsal subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness and firmness) were measured immediately, meat quality was determined by taking Longissimus Dorsi muscle on the left side of the carcass, and fat color was determined by taking perirenal adipose tissue, tail adipose tissue, dorsal subcutaneous adipose tissue, omental adipose tissue. 【Result】 The results showed that: compared to the control group, ① the mean daily feed intake was significantly lower (P=0.001), feed conversion ratio was significantly higher (P=0.039) and mean daily weight gain did not differ (P>0.05) for AFE group; ② the addition of Allium mongolicum Regel powder and water extracts was able to significantly reduce the shear force of lamb compared to the control group (P=0.029); ③ there was no significant difference (P>0.050) in the b^* values of perirenal adipose tissue in other groups, while the b^* values of perirenal adipose tissue (P=0.096) and omental adipose tissue (P=0.087) in the alcohol extract group tended to be higher compared with Allicum mongolicum Regel powder group, while the a^* (P=0.044) and C^* (P=0.021) values were significantly higher than those of Allicum mongolicum Regel powder group; ④ the addition of Allium mongolicum Regel and its extract significantly increased the serum total protein (P=0.006), Allium mongolicum Regel and its alcoholic extract significantly increased the serum albumin (P=0.006), and Allium mongolicum Regel alcoholic extract significantly decreased the serum urea nitrogen (P=0.024). 【Conclusion】 In conclusion, Allium mongolicum Regel and its extracts had no significant effect on carcass characteristics and fat color of captive Small Tailed-Han Sheep. The addition of Allium mongolicum Regel and its alcoholic extract to the diet significantly improved the feed conversion rate of Small-Tailed Han sheep, and Allium mongolicum Regel powder and water extract significantly reduced the shear force of meat. Meanwhile, Allium mongolicum Regel and its alcoholic extract can significantly increase the content of total protein and albumin in serum and promote the absorption of protein of meat sheep.

Key words: Allium mongolicum Regel and its extracts, growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, serum biochemical indices, Small Tailed-Han Sheep

LIU WangJing,TANG DeFu,AO ChangJin. Effect of Allium mongolicum Regel and Its Extracts on the Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Meat Quality and Serum Biochemical Indices of Captive Small-Tailed Han Sheep[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(17): 3461-3472.

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References 44

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项目 Items	沙葱醇提物 AFE	沙葱水提物 AWE	差异倍数 Fold change
得率 Yield (%)	28.00	32.00	-
主要活性成分 Main active compound
异鼠李素 Isorhamnetin	4570000	177000	25.82
金圣草黄素O-葡萄糖醛酸 Chrysoeriol O-glucuronic acid	26900	1300	20.70
植保素C Phytocassane C	108000	7340	14.71
鹰嘴豆素 Biochanin A	62400	7860	7.94
高圣草酚 Homoeriodictyol	2510000	475000	5.28
木犀草素6-C-葡萄糖苷 Luteolin 6-C-glucoside	189000	72100	2.62
迷迭香酸 Rosmarinic acid	4930	38200	0.13
丁香醛 Syringaldehyde	34400	103000	0.33
矢车菊素3-O-芸香糖苷 Cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside	60700	176000	0.35
香豆酰羟基胍丁胺 N-p-Coumaroyl hydroxyagmatine	31900	78800	0.41
异喹啉 Isoquinoline	12800	27600	0.46

项目 Items	含量 Content (%)	营养水平 Nutrient levels²⁾
原料 Ingredients
羊草 Leymus chinensis	31.00	消化能 DE / (MJ·kg^-1)	15.96
苜蓿 Alfalfa	18.60	粗蛋白质 CP (%)	15.73
破碎玉米 Cracked corn	24.00	粗脂肪 EE (%)	2.98
小麦麸 Wheat bran	3.88	粗灰分 Ash (%)	5.12
向日葵仁饼 Sunfloewr seed meal	17.23	中性洗涤纤维 NDF (%)	40.63
豌豆茎叶 Pea stalk	2.77	酸性洗涤纤维 ADF (%)	23.47
磷酸氢钙 CaHPO₄	0.79	钙 Ca (%)	1.22
食盐 NaCl	0.73	总磷 TP (%)	0.47
预混料 Premix¹⁾	1.00
合计 Total	100.00

项目 Items	组别 Groups				SEM	P值 P value
项目 Items	对照组 CK	沙葱粉组 AMR	水提物组 AWE	醇提物组 AFE	SEM	P值 P value
生长性能指标 Growth performance indicators
初始体重 IBW (kg)	24.10	23.60	24.10	22.90	0.90	0.770
终末体重 FBW (kg)	40.60	41.10	41.40	39.60	1.17	0.760
平均日采食量 ADFI (kg)	1.96a	1.99a	1.99a	1.83b	0.03	0.001
平均日增重 ADG (g)	239.00	252.00	247.00	240.00	9.14	0.740
饲料转化率 F/G	8.52b	7.90b	8.06b	7.63a	0.01	0.039
胴体特征指标 Carcass characteristics indicators
胴体热重 HCW (kg)	21.90	21.10	21.20	21.00	0.44	0.420
屠宰率 CY (kg)	53.00	51.70	53.70	52.70	0.89	0.450
背部皮下脂肪厚度 DFT (mm)	3.50	3.20	3.30	3.10	0.14	0.530
肾周脂肪重 PFW (g)	244.00	213.00	221.00	211.00	8.21	0.670
背部皮下脂肪硬度 DFF	4.00	3.30	3.50	3.20	0.13	0.590

项目 Items	组别 Groups				SEM	P值 P value
项目 Items	对照组 CK	沙葱粉组 AMR	水提物组 AWE	醇提物组 AFE	SEM	P值 P value
pH _45min	6.50	6.51	6.54	6.52	0.01	0.182
pH _24h	5.61	5.63	5.70	5.64	0.02	0.285
亮度 L^*	41.28	39.77	38.58	39.60	0.44	0.217
红度 a^*	30.04	30.10	30.54	30.11	0.43	0.221
黄度 b^*	3.97	3.85	3.27	3.76	0.34	0.903
饱和度 C^*	30.34	30.35	30.78	30.38	0.35	0.189
色相角 H^o	1.42	1.43	1.32	1.40	0.15	0.218
滴水损失 DL (%)	44.88	45.48	45.31	47.73	0.76	0.564
剪切力 SF (kg)	3.50a	2.40b	2.32b	3.01ab	1.44	0.029
肌内脂肪含量 IF (%)	6.51c	6.66a	6.59ab	6.55b	0.02	0.031

项目 Items	组别 Groups				SEM	P值 P value
项目 Items	对照组 CK	沙葱粉组 AMR	水提物组 AWE	醇提物组 AFE	SEM	P值 P value
肾周脂肪 Perirenal adipose tissue
亮度 L^*	81.45	81.49	81.96	80.76	0.89	0.820
红度 a^*	6.45	5.81	5.41	6.61	0.66	0.540
黄度 b^*	6.13ab	5.96b	6.50ab	7.19a	0.46	0.096
饱和度 C^*	9.07	8.64	8.45	9.95	0.54	0.220
色相角 H^o	88.92	88.97	89.19	89.05	0.11	0.340
尾部脂肪 Tail adipose tissue
亮度 L^*	82.98	83.27	84.81	84.74	0.85	0.300
红度 a^*	3.45	3.38	3.55	2.90	0.46	0.750
黄度 b^*	7.35	6.16	6.81	6.81	0.39	0.220
饱和度 C^*	8.22	7.15	7.87	7.48	0.44	0.350
色相角 H^o	89.52	89.42	89.47	89.48	0.09	0.860
背部皮下脂肪 Dorsal subcutaneous adipose tissue
亮度 L^*	85.95	84.33	84.53	84.70	0.79	0.470
红度 a^*	4.64	4.40	5.25	4.37	0.65	0.760
黄度 b^*	7.68	6.94	6.25	7.46	0.46	0.140
饱和度 C^*	9.12	8.39	8.40	8.77	0.60	0.800
色相角 H^o	89.38	89.35	89.17	88.92	0.25	0.560
大网膜脂肪 Omental adipose tissue
亮度 L^*	83.45	83.06	83.17	82.20	0.81	0.730
红度 a^*	4.21ab	3.50b	3.96b	5.80a	0.59	0.044
黄度 b^*	4.99ab	4.23b	5.25ab	5.54a	0.37	0.087
饱和度 C^*	6.68ab	5.56b	6.86ab	8.11a	0.55	0.021
色相角 H^o	89.15	89.11	89.07	88.93	0.12	0.570

Effect of Allium mongolicum Regel and Its Extracts on the Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Meat Quality and Serum Biochemical Indices of Captive Small-Tailed Han Sheep

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项目 Items	组别 Groups				SEM	P 值 P value
项目 Items	对照组 CK	沙葱粉组 AMR	水提物组 AWE	醇提物组 AFE	SEM	P 值 P value
葡萄糖 GLU (mmol·L^-1)	3.03	2.66	2.46	2.82	0.20	0.158
总蛋白 TP (g·L^-1)	35.92b	41.10a	40.37a	41.77a	1.63	0.006
白蛋白 ALB (g·L^-1)	16.88b	18.83a	17.77ab	19.52a	0.54	0.006
球蛋白 GLB (g·L^-1)	22.31	22.17	22.29	22.48	1.37	0.125
血清尿素氮 BUN (mmol·L^-1)	5.87a	5.97a	5.62ab	5.15b	0.20	0.024
谷丙转氨酶 ALT (U·L^-1)	8.43	7.16	7.87	7.95	0.71	0.666
谷草转氨酶 AST (U·L^-1)	67.52	64.08	64.74	55.77	4.19	0.235
醛缩酶 ALD (U·L^-1)	189.65	152.35	166.90	176.78	14.78	0.173