Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2012, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (20): 4224-4232.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.20.012

• AGRICULTURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

The Effect of Different Nitrogen Concentrations on Fennel Plant Growth, Essential Oil Contents and Components (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)

 HE  Jin-Ming, XIAO  Yan-Hui, WANG  Yu-Mei, PAN  Chun-Xiang   

  1. 1.韶关学院英东农业科学与工程学院，广东韶关  512005
  • Received:2012-03-19 Online:2012-10-15 Published:2012-09-12

PDF

698

Cited

8

Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of this study was to reveal the response characteristics and the internal correlation of plant growth and essential oil accumulation to nitrogen concentrations. 【Method】 Effect of different nitrogen concentrations on fennel plant growth, essential oil content and components was studied by using the method of solution culture, with Japanese garden formula’s nitrogen content as 1N, and 1/8N, 1/4N, 1/2N, 1N and 2N as designed treatment. 【Result】 With the increase of nitrogen concentration, the plant height, branch number, inflorescence number, number of nodes, shoot fresh weight (FW), fresh and dry weight (DW) of whole plant and yield of essential oil per plant had a trend that firstly increase then decrease, and the maximum values were all in 1N. Total nitrogen, protein nitrogen and pigment contents increased continuously, while total carbon, soluble sugar and essential oil contents and C/N ratio exhibited an opposite trend with increasing nitrogen concentrations. Correlation analysis showed that: total nitrogen content was significantly correlated to protein nitrogen content; total carbon and soluble sugar contents were significantly correlated to C/N ratio; total nitrogen, protein nitrogen contents were significantly and negatively correlated to total carbon content and soluble sugar contents and C/N ratio; essential oil content was significantly correlated with total carbon and soluble sugar contents; yield of essential oil per plant was significantly correlated to total nitrogen, protein nitrogen contents. A total of 23 kinds of components in essential oil were identified, but there were no differences in components of essential oil among different N concentration treatments. However, relative contents of components were significantly different when p<0.01 and p<0.05. (E)-anethole is the dominant essential oil component, contributing 63.89% to 79.28% of the total amount of oil. The second most abundant chemical was limonene, ranging from 5.65% to 18.28% in the total amount of oil, while dill apiol, the third abundant chemical, had the relative amount of  2.26% to 12.61%.【Conclusion】Different nitrogen concentrations not only affect the fennel plant growth, but also affect the yield and concentration of essential oil. Appropriate concentration of nitrogen can contribute to the high rate of plant growth and yield of essential oil.

Key words: nitrogen concentrations, fennel, growth, essential oil

[1]何金明, 王羽梅, 卓丽环, 郭  园. 茴香精油含量和质量影响因素的研究进展. 园艺学报, 2005, 32(2): 348-351.

He J M, Wang Y M, Zhuo L H, Guo Y. Study on the factors effecting essential oil content and quality of fennel（Foeniculum vulgare Mill.）. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2005, 32(2): 348-351. (in Chinese)

[2]何金明, 肖艳辉. 我国茴香产业中存在问题及对策. 中国调味品, 2006 (1) : 82-84.

He J M, Xiao Y H. Problems and countermeasures on fennel industry in china. China Condiment, 2006 (1) : 82-84. (in Chinese)

[3]Khan M M A, Azam Z M, Samiullah S. Changes in the essential oil constituents of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) as influenced by soil and foliar levels of N and P. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 1999, 79(4): 587-591.

[4]Mordy A A A. Fennel swollen base yield and quality as affected by variety and source of nitrogen fertilizer. Scientia Horticulturae, 2001, 88: 191-202.

[5]王羽梅, 任安祥, 潘春香, 高野泰吉. 阴离子对球茎茴香生长和精油含量的影响. 植物生理学通讯, 2002, 38(3): 270-273.

Wang Y M, Ren A X, Pan C X, Takano T. The effects of anion on plant growth and quantity of essential oil in Foeniculum vulgare. Plant Physiology Communications, 2002, 38(3):270-273. (in Chinese)

[6]Singh P K, Chowdhury A R, Garg V K. Yield and analysis of essential oil of some spice crops grown in sodic soils. India Perfumer, 2002, 46(1): 35-40.

[7]李合生, 孙  群, 赵世杰. 植物生理生化实验原理和技术. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2000: 172-174.

Li H S, Sun Q, Zhao S J. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry of Experimental Theory and Technology. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2000:172-174. (in Chinese)

[8]中国科学院上海植物生理研究所, 上海市植物生学会. 现代植物生理学实验指南.北京: 科学出版社, 1999: 133-134.

Institute of Plant Physiology Shanghai Institutes for Chinese Academy of Science, Plant Physiology Academy of Shanghai. Modern Plant Physiology Experiment of Directory. Beijing: Science Press, 1999: 133-134. (in Chinese)

[9]中国土壤学会农业专业委员会. 土壤农业化学常规分析方法. 北京: 科学出版社, 1983: 272-273.

Agricultural committee of Soil Science Society of China. Routine Analysis of Soil Agricultural Chemistry. Beijing: Science Press, 1983: 272-273. (in Chinese)

[10]郝再彬, 苍  晶, 徐  仲. 植物生理实验. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学出版社, 2004: 46-49.

Hao Z B, Cang J, Xu Z. Plant Physiology Experiment. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology Press, 2004: 46-49. (in Chinese)

[11]何金明, 邝宏尚, 肖艳辉, 王羽梅. 不同蒸馏时段对茴香精油含量和成分的影响. 韶关学院学报: 自然科学, 2005, 26 (12): 70-73.

He J M, Kuang H S, Xiao Y H, Wang Y M. The Study of duration of distillation effecting on content and composition of essential oil of fennel. Journal of Shaoguan University: Natural Science Edition, 2005, 26 (12): 70-73. (in Chinese)

[12]高  莉, 斯拉甫•艾白, 韩阳花. 小茴香挥发油化学成分及抑菌作用的研究. 中国民族医药杂志, 2007, 13(12): 67-68.

Gao L, Abbas A, Han Y H. Studies on chemical compositions and antibacterial activity of volatile oil of Foeniculum vulgare mill. Journal of Medicine & Pharmacy of Chinese Minorities, 2007, 13(12): 67-68. (in Chinese)

[13]Salehi P, Asghari B, Mohammadi F. Hydrodistillation - headspaee solvent microextraetion: An efficient method for analysis of the essential oil from the seeds of Foenieulum vulgare Mill. Chromatographia, 2007, 65(12): 119-122.

[14]Radwan H M, Hammouda F M, Abou Setta L M, El-Missiry M M. GLC determination of essential oils of cumin and fennel affected by different drying methods and salinity treatment. Bulletin of the National Research Centre (Egypt). 2006, 31 (4): 279-288.

[15]Kosar M, Ozek T, Kurkecuoglu M. Comparison of microwave - assisted hydrodistillation and hydrodistillation method for the fruit essential oil of Foeniculum vulgare. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 2007, 19: 426-429.

[16]Mimica-Dukic N, Kujundzic S, Sokovic M, Couladis M. Essential oil composition and antifungal activity of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. obtained by different distillation conditions. Phytotherapy Research, 2003, 17:368-371.

[17]黄正来, 武立权, 韩立德. 花期追施氮肥对菜用大豆AC10生理指标及产量影响的研究. 激光生物学报, 2005, 14(3): 193-196.

Huang Z L, Wu L Q, Han L D. Effect of dressing nitrogen on physiological index and yield vegetable of soybean variety AC10 at anthesis. Acta Laset Biology Sinica, 2005, 14(3):193-196. (in Chinese)

[18]张志兴, 李  忠, 陈 军, 李奇松, 陈龙怀, 陈鸿飞, 黄锦文, 林文雄. 氮肥运筹对大穗型水稻品种金恢809灌浆期叶片蛋白质表达的影响. 作物学报, 2011, 37(5): 842-854.

Zhang Z X, Li Z, Chen J, Li Q S, Chen L H, Chen H F, Hang J W, Lin W X. Effects of nitrogen management on protein expression of flag leaves during grain-filling period in large panicle rice(Oryza sativa L.). Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2011, 37(5): 842-854. (in Chinese)

[19]夏劲伟. 氮肥对一年生黑麦草产量及品质影响的研究[D]. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2000: 7-8.

Xia J W. Nitrogen effects on yield and forage quality of annual ryegrass [D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Agriculture University, 2000: 7-8. (in Chinese)

[20]Franz C h, Kirsch C. Growth and flower-bud-formation of Matricaria chamomilla L. in dependence on varied nitrogen and potassium nutrition (in German). Horticulturae Science, 1974(21):11-19.

[21]Meawad A A, Awad AE, Afify A. The combined effect of N-fertilization and some growth regulators on camomile plants. Acta Horticulturae, 1984(144):123-133.

[22]潘瑞炽. 植物生理学(第4版). 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2001: 123-132.

Pan R Z. Plant Biology. 4th ed. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2011: 123-132. (in Chinese)

[23]何金明, 肖艳辉, 郭  园, 王羽梅, 卓丽环, 张振明. 茴香不同器官精油含量及其成分比较. 园艺学报, 2006, 33(3): 555-560.

He J M, Xiao Y H, Guo Y, Wang Y M, Zhuo L H, Zhang Z M. The comparison of essential oil contents and components in various organs of fennel. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2006, 33(3): 555-560. (in Chinese)

[24]任安祥, 何金明, 王羽梅. 不同发育阶段茴香种子精油含量及其成分组成比例变化. 种子, 2007, 26(2): 33-36.

Ran A X, He J M, Wang Y M. The content of essential oil and components of fennel seed in different development stages. Seed, 2007, 26(2): 33-36. (in Chinese)

[25]He J M, Xiao Y H, Guo Y, Wang Y M. Changes in the essential oil composition during fennel growth and development. // Zhang Y. The 3rd conference on key technology of horticulture. London: London Science Publishing, 2011:1-9.
[1] WANG ShaoHua, FAN QiuLi, YANG JinChang, SUN YuJie, YU Niu, JIANG ShouQun. Effects of Different Levels of Mytilaria laosensis Leaves Feeding on Growth Performance, Immune Function, Antioxidant Capacity, Carcass Quality and Meat Quality of Yellow-Feathered Chickens [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(5): 1111-1127.
[2] LIU HaiQing, JIN JiaoJiao, SUN WanCang, CHAI Peng, QI WeiLiang, YANG Gang, LI Chan, LUO XueMei, SU YunYun, QIN XueXue. Morphogenesis of the Low-Growth Point and Its Multi-Hormonal Regulatory Mechanism During Overwintering in Winter Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(5): 951-966.
[3] XIAO ChangChun, WEI XinYu, ZENG YueHui, HUANG JianHong, XU XuMing. Accumulation Characteristics of Anthocyanins in Black Rice Under Different Sowing Dates and Its Relationship with Meteorological Factors [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(5): 890-906.
[4] QIU HaiLong, LI Pan, ZHANG DianKai, FAN ZhiLong, HU FaLong, CHEN GuiPing, FAN Hong, HE Wei, YIN Wen, ZHAO LianHao. Compensatory Effects of Multiple Cropping Green Manure on Growth and Yield Loss of Nitrogen-Reduced Spring Wheat in Oasis Irrigation Areas of Northwest China [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(3): 443-459.
[5] GAO ChunHua, ZHAO HaiJun, ZHAO FengTao, KONG WeiLin, JU FeiYan, LI ZongXin, SHI DeYang, LIU Ping. Effect of Growth Regulators on the Stem Characteristics and Yield of Summer Maize in Maize-Soybean Strip Intercropping [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(23): 4920-4935.
[6] YANG Fu, WEI ShanJun, ZHANG XiaoXia, ZHANG LinMin, LIU HongXiu, LI YiJun, TONG YaPing. Characterization and Utilization of Rhizosphere Microbiota from Wild Plants in Lalu Wetland in Xizang for Alleviating Saline-Alkali Stress in Maize [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(20): 4144-4157.
[7] WANG Di, HAN ShouAn, ZHANG Wen, WANG Min, SHI HuiDong, ZHU XueHui, BAI ShiJian, LIU XuPeng, TIAN Jia, XIE Hui. Effects of Different Plant Growth Regulators on Fruit and Raisin Quality of Thompson Seedless Grapes [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(18): 3767-3782.
[8] HU JiaYan, SHEN ZhiHan, WEN LiHui, YU JiaHao, ZHANG YuJun, JIANG DongHua. Identification and Evaluation of Biocontrol Actinomycetes Against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola for Disease Suppression and Growth Promotion in Rice [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(17): 3434-3450.
[9] XU JiaXin, HUA Nan, WANG YongQiang, XU Hao, LIU Zhen, ZHAO XiaoRui, LI Yue, CHEN QiWei, YE Lin. Response Surface Methodology Optimization of Water, Fertilizer, and Pesticide Coupling on Chili Pepper Growth, Photosynthetic Characteristics, and Root Rot [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(14): 2869-2884.
[10] ZHAO Yong, ZHANG ZhongFu, WANG YuTong, AI Jing, LIU JiaYong, WU JianMing, DENG Jun, ZHANG YueBin. Effects of Potassium Application on Root Rhizosphere Microbial Community Changes and Growth of Sugarcane [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(13): 2630-2644.
[11] LI Hao, TIAN YuYang, ZHANG ZiMing, CAO YiFan, CIREN LuoBu, NIMA CangJue, DANZENG LuoSang, LEI ChuZhao, BASANG ZhuZha, CHEN NingBo. Research Progress on the Function of Bovine Thyroid Gene and Its Correlation with Environmental Adaptability [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(13): 2682-2692.
[12] DONG Ming, QI Hong, ZHANG Qian, WANG Yan, WANG ShuLin, FENG GuoYi, LIANG QingLong, GUO BaoSheng. The Impact of Sowing Methods on the Seed Germination Environment and Cotton Emergence and Growth [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(12): 2346-2357.
[13] WU YongBao, TANG Jing, CAO JunTing, WANG QiMeng, XIE Ming, ZHOU ZhengKui, HOU ShuiSheng, WEN ZhiGuo. Effects of Methionine Supplementation on Growth Performance, Carcass Trait, and Plasma Biochemical Indice of Growing Pekin Ducks Fed a Low-Energy and Low-Protein Diet [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(12): 2475-2486.
[14] CHEN HuiXian, HE Wen, RUAN LiXia, HUANG XiaoJuan, LAN Xiu, CAI ZhaoQin, LI HengRui, HUANG ZhenLing, WEI WanLing, LIANG ZhenHua, LI TianYuan, CAO Sheng, LI XiDi, WEI JunCan. Effects of Intercropping Soybean on Cassava Growth and Soil Characteristics [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(11): 2176-2189.
[15] ZHANG YuZhou, WANG YiZhao, GAO RuXi, LIU YiFan. Research Progress on Root System Architecture and Drought Resistance in Wheat [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(9): 1633-1645.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
京ICP备09089781号-30
Copyright 2018 © Editorial office of Scientia Agricultura Sinica
Tel: 86-010-82106279    E-mail: zgnykx@mail.caas.net.cn
Supported by Beijing Magtech Co.Ltd