长期施用生物炭对棕壤养分及腐殖质组分的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.13.009

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of long-term application of biochar on nutrient content and humus component content in brown soil, so as to provide the scientific basis for evaluating the long-term effects of biochar on improving soil fertility level and regulating soil humus composition and stability.【Method】 Based on the field positioning experiment of biochar, using a randomized block design four carbon application treatments were set up: 0 (CK), 15.75 t·hm^-2 (BC1), 31.5 t·hm^-2 (BC2) and 47.25 t·hm^-2 (BC3). The soil organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrients, total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrients and soil fulvic acid (FA), humic acid (HA), humin (HM) content were measured after 4 and 8 years of biochar application, respectively.【Result】 The application of biochar could increase the SOC content, and the SOC content under BC1, BC2, and BC3 treatments increased by 37.35% to 72.97% than that under CK treatment. The application of biochar significantly increased the soil available potassium (AK) content; compared with CK treatment, the soil AK content of BC1, BC2 and BC3 treatments increased by 11.67-14.00 mg·kg^-1, 19.33-22.33 mg·kg^-1 and 12.33-35.33 mg·kg^-1, respectively. The application of biochar had little effect on soil total nitrogen (TN), alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen (AN), total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP) and total potassium (TK) content (except for individual treatments). The application of biochar significantly increased the content of soil HA, humus-extractable (HE), and HM. Compared with CK treatment, the soil HA content under BC1, BC2, and BC3 treatments increased by 39.68%-40.91%, 30.91%-50.79% and 34.55%-57.14%, respectively. Compared with CK treatment, the soil HA content under BC1, BC2, and BC3 treatments increased by 39.68%-40.91%, 30.91%-50.79% and 34.55%-57.14%, respectively. Compared with CK treatment, the soil HE content of BC1, BC2 and BC3 treatments increased by 18.02%-29.74%, 16.81%-30.48% and 15.92%-24.91%, respectively. Compared with CK treatment, the soil HM content of BC1, BC2, and BC3 treatments increased by 48.39%-58.94%, 13.57%-89.23% and 82.36%-105.82%, respectively. After applying biochar for 4 years, there was no significant effect on soil FA content, but after applying biochar for 8 years, the soil FA content significantly increased, with BC1, BC2, and BC3 treatments increasing by 22.01%, 30.19% and 18.24%, respectively, compared with CK treatment. In 2016, the various carbon application treatments increased soil HA/HE and HA/FA, but decreased HE/HM; but in 2020, only BC1 treatment significantly increased soil HA/FA, while BC3 treatment significantly reduced HE/HM. Through redundancy and correlation analysis, there was a significant positive correlation between SOC, TK, AK, TP and AP and the content of humic substances; There was a significant positive correlation between SOC and TK and the stability of soil humus substances, however, there was a significant negative correlation between SOC, AK, TP, and AP and the activity of soil humus substances.【Conclusion】 Long term application of biochar could improve soil nutrient status, mainly manifested in increasing SOC and AK content. Long term application of biochar could increase the content of humus components in soil, mainly manifested in increasing the content of soil HA and HM, however, the impact on the stability of soil humus would weaken over time. There was a significant positive correlation between soil nutrient content and soil humus component content and stability.

Key words: biochar, brown soil, fulvic acid (FA), humic acid (HA), humin (HM), soil nutrients

WANG QingYang, CAO DianYun, WANG Di, ZHAN ZengYi, HE WanYing, SUN Qiang, CHEN WenFu, LAN Yu. Effects of Long-Term Application of Biochar on Nutrients, Fractions of Humic in Brown Soil[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(13): 2612-2622.

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指标 Itme	含量 Content
pH	9.2
全碳 Total C (g·kg^-1)	660
全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	12.7
全磷 Total P (g·kg^-1)	8.87
有效磷 Olsen-P (mg·kg^-1)	120.8
比表面积 Surface area (m²·g^-1)	8.87
平均孔径 Average pore size (nm)	16.23
灰分 Ash content (%)	15.57
挥发分 Volatile matter (%)	21.94
固定碳 Fixed C (%)	62.49

指标 Itme	含量 Content
pH	7.4
电导率 EC (μS·cm^-1)	196.8
阳离子交换量 CEC (cmol·kg^-1)	17.8
全碳 Total C (g·kg^-1)	11.0
全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	1.2
碱解氮Alkali-hydrolyzed N (mg·kg^-1)	84.5
全磷 Total P (g·kg^-1)	0.38
有效磷 Olsen-P (mg·kg^-1)	15.9

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	胡敏素 Humin, HM (g·kg^-1)	可溶性腐殖质 Humus-extractable, HE (g·kg^-1)	胡敏酸 Humic acid, HA (g·kg^-1)	富里酸 Fulvic acid, FA (g·kg^-1)
2016	CK	5.75±0.53Bc	3.33±0.18Ab	1.26±0.07Ac	2.07±0.15Aab
	BC1	8.53±0.99Bb	3.93±0.21Aa	1.76±0.05Ab	2.17±0.12Aa
	BC2	10.88±0.85Aa	3.89±0.12Aa	1.90±0.04Aa	1.99±0.09Aab
	BC3	11.84±0.32Ba	3.86±0.29Aa	1.98±0.09Aa	1.89±0.13Ab
2020	CK	7.46±0.19Ad	2.69±0.11Bb	1.10±0.07Bb	1.59±0.13Bb
	BC1	11.85±0.56Ab	3.49±0.25Aa	1.55±0.05Ba	1.94±0.11Aa
	BC2	8.47±0.29Bc	3.51±0.31Aa	1.44±0.11Ba	2.07±0.17Aa
	BC3	13.60±0.32Aa	3.36±0.19Aa	1.48±0.08Ba	1.88±0.12Aa

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	HA/HE (%)	HA/FA (%)	HE/HM (%)
2016	CK	0.38±0.03Ab	0.62±0.04Bd	0.59±0.03Aa
	BC1	0.45±0.03Aa	0.83±0.05Ac	0.47±0.04Ab
	BC2	0.48±0.05Aa	0.95±0.07Ab	0.36±0.03Bc
	BC3	0.51±0.01Aa	1.05±0.02Aa	0.33±0.01Ac
2020	CK	0.41±0.03Aa	0.69±0.04Ab	0.36±0.02Ba
	BC1	0.44±0.05Aa	0.80±0.06Aa	0.30±0.03Ba
	BC2	0.41±0.03Aa	0.70±0.07Bab	0.42±0.04Aa
	BC3	0.44±0.03Ba	0.79±0.04Bab	0.25±0.02Bb

Effects of Long-Term Application of Biochar on Nutrients, Fractions of Humic in Brown Soil

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