不同灌水条件下分层施肥对土壤养分垂直分布与小麦根系生长和功能的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.11.007

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】In order to explore the effects of fertilization on soil nutrients and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) root growth, and to shape a good root architecture, so as to provide a theoretical basis for scientific fertilization and high-yield and high-efficiency production of wheat field.【Method】The experiment was conducted in Yuanyang Scientific and Educational Park of Henan Agricultural University from 2021 to 2023. The pool planting positioning experiment is adopted. And three fertilization treatments (F₀: no fertilization; F₁: shallow application of N, P, K fertilizer; F₂: 1/3 shallow application plus 2/3 deep application of N, P, K fertilizer) and three irrigation treatments (W₁: prior to sowing irrigation; W₂: prior to sowing irrigation plus irrigation at jointing stage; W₃: prior to sowing irrigation plus irrigations both at jointing and anthesis). A total of 9 treatment combinations were used to determine concentration dynamics of soil nutrients and root morphological and physiological traits at different soil layers within 0-100 cm.【Result】Under different irrigation frequencies, the concentrations of available N, P, K nutrients were relatively high in top soil layer and decreased with the soil depth. In the soil layer of 0-60 cm, the trend of concentrations of available N, P, K nutrients under different treatments was as F₂>F₁>F₀. Especially, the nutrient concentrations were significantly increased in 20-40 cm soil layer in layered application treatment (F₂). Compared with those in shallow application (F₁), the concentrations of nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium increased by 16.03%, 7.67%, 8.82%, and 6.32% under F₂ under different irrigation frequencies from anthesis to maturity, respectively. Also, under F₂treatments, the concentrations of both nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen increased in 80-100 cm soil layer, and irrigation enhanced the treating effects. The distribution of available potassium concentration in 0-100 cm soil layer exhibited an S-shaped curve, and K concentration increased at maturity stage suggesting the phenomenon of potassium excretion. The wheat roots were mainly located in the 0-40 cm soil layer. Morphological & quantitative traits and physiological function of roots were significantly improved under F₂in the 20-40 cm soil layer: compared with those under F₁, the root length density, root surface area density, root volume ratio, root dry weight density, root vigor, and root physiological potential were increased by 38.42%, 16.93%, 25.65%, 43.07%, 33.12%, and 31.10%, respectively. The correlation analysis showed that concentrations of available N, P, K nutrients in 0-20 cm soil layer were significantly positively correlated with root morphological & quantitative traits (P<0.01). Root physiological potential in 0-60 cm soil layer was significantly positively correlated with soil nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium, respectively.【Conclusion】The layered N, P, K fertilization combined with key irrigations at three stages achieved a high degree of coordination between root configuration, growth, physiological functions, and appropriate distribution of available N, P, K nutrients, and enhanced the root biomass in 20-40 cm soil layer, indicating more absorptions of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium from the soil and a higher grain yield.

Key words: wheat, layered fertilization, irrigation frequency, distribution of soil nutrients, root growth, root configuration

BU MingNa, YANG XiWen, TENG ZhengKai, HU NaiYue, ZHANG Shuo, WANG ChunYan, YANG Jian, LIANG WenXian, MA WenQi, HE DeXian, ZHOU SuMei. Effects of Layered Fertilization Under Different Irrigation Conditions on Vertical Distribution of Soil Nutrients and Root Growth and Function of Wheat[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(11): 2125-2142.

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Figures/Tables 13

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Table 1

Correlation between root morphology and function indexes and soil nutrient indexes of wheat in different soil layers (2021—2023)"

土层 Soil layer (cm)	项目 Item	硝态氮 NO₃^--N	铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N	有效磷 Available phosphorus	速效钾 Available potassium
0—20	根长密度 Root length density	0.716**	0.927**	0.760**	0.564**
	根表面积密度 Root surface area density	0.690**	0.914**	0.770**	0.680**
	根体积比 Root volume ratio	0.749**	0.836**	0.711**	0.579**
	根干重密度 Root dry weight density	0.783**	0.891**	0.788**	0.544**
	根系生理势 Root physiological potential	0.785**	0.905**	0.773**	0.542**
20—40	根长密度 Root length density	-0.206	0.704**	0.587**	0.737**
	根表面积密度 Root surface area density	-0.195	0.772**	0.700**	0.849**
	根体积比 Root volume ratio	0.602**	-0.087	-0.195	-0.501**
	根干重密度 Root dry weight density	0.666**	0.832**	0.713**	0.445**
	根系生理势 Root physiological potential	0.610**	0.819**	0.641**	0.428**
40—60	根长密度 Root length density	-0.118	0.829**	0.457**	0.443**
	根表面积密度 Root surface area density	0.874**	-0.087	0.050	-0.302*
	根体积比 Root volume ratio	0.670**	-0.642**	-0.519**	-0.812**
	根干重密度 Root dry weight density	0.264	0.302*	0.407**	0.188
	根系生理势 Root physiological potential	0.381**	0.460**	0.491**	0.277*
60—80	根长密度 Root length density	0.350**	0.489**	0.400**	0.263
	根表面积密度 Root surface area density	0.758**	0.160	0.172	-0.276*
	根体积比 Root volume ratio	0.732**	-0.602**	-0.450**	-0.882**
	根干重密度 Root dry weight density	0.331*	0.574**	0.524**	0.314*
	根系生理势 Root physiological potential	—	—	—	—
80—100	根长密度 Root length density	0.522**	0.165	0.006	-0.098
	根表面积密度 Root surface area density	0.771**	0.021	0.150	-0.197
	根体积比 Root volume ratio	0.808**	-0.665**	-0.483**	-0.838**
	根干重密度 Root dry weight density	0.301*	0.492**	0.483**	0.353**
	根系生理势 Root physiological potential	—	—	—	—

Table 1

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Effects of Layered Fertilization Under Different Irrigation Conditions on Vertical Distribution of Soil Nutrients and Root Growth and Function of Wheat

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