磷肥长期施用对石灰性褐土团聚体中磷形态及磷酸酶活性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.05.010

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to explore the differences of phosphorus (P) morphology and phosphatase activity in different aggregates sizes, and to clarify the change mechanism of soil P component contents and availability under different long-term chemical P application rates, so as to provide the theoretical support for the efficient utilization of soil P and sustainable agricultural development. 【Method】Long-term field experiment with different chemical P fertilizer application rates were established in calcareous brown soil. Soil samples in the topsoil (0-20 cm) were collected, which were treated with three gradients of P fertilizer application rates of 0 (P0, control), 120 (P120) and 210 (P210) kg P₂O₅·hm^-2 annually. The soil aggregate content, P component contents and alkaline phosphatase activity of different soil aggregate sizes were determined. The effects of long-term chemical P application on P morphology and phosphatase activity of different aggregates sizes in calcareous brown soil were analyzed. 【Result】Compared with P0, the stability and P component content of different aggregates in calcareous brown soil were significantly improved after long-term P application. The content of acid-soluble inorganic P (Pi-HCl) was the highest in different P components, while the content of water-soluble P (Pi-H₂O), sodium bicarbonate organic P (Po-NaHCO₃) and sodium hydroxide inorganic P (Pi-NaOH) were relatively low. The changes of inorganic P pools in all aggregates were higher than those in organic P pools under different treatments. Compared with P120 treatment, the inorganic P content in large aggregate (>2 mm), small aggregate (0.25-2 mm) and micro-aggregate (<0.25 mm) were reduced by 21.5%, 27.0% and 18.7%, respectively, and the organic P content decreased by 15.6%, 12.8% and 12.2%, respectively. There were significant differences in organic P contents among different aggregate sizes and P application rates. The labile P (LP) content changed largest in different P availability forms. There were extremely significant differences among different particle size and P application rate. The contribution rate of inorganic P in large aggregates (Pi, >2 mm) was the highest, ranging from 27.6% to 38.3%, while that of organic P in small aggregates (Po, 0.25-2 mm) was the lowest, ranging from 2.9% to 4.9%. The contribution rate of stable P (SP) content to total P content was the highest, accounting for 84.3-91.2%. The contribution rate of SP in large aggregates (SP, >2 mm) was the highest, ranging from 52.6% to 55.2%. Soil phosphatase activity was significantly different in soil aggregates, which increased with the increase of aggregate size. In large aggregates, the phosphatase activity was significantly increased with the increase of P application rate. In small aggregates, the phosphatase activity of P120 treatment was the highest, and it was a significant difference between them. However, there was no significant difference in phosphatase activity of micro-aggregates between different treatments. The results of correlation analysis showed that the aggregate size was negatively correlated with the content of organic P content significantly, and positively correlated with the activity of alkaline phosphatase significantly. Structural equation model (SEM) analysis results showed that the P application rate could directly affect the inorganic P content in soil and then affect the P availability in soil. Soil aggregate structural could direct influence on the organic P content and alkaline phosphatase activities, and indirectly affect the inorganic P content and P availability. 【Conclusion】 Long-term application of chemical P fertilizer significantly increased the content of aggregates, the content of P components in each size aggregates, and the activity of alkaline phosphatase in calcareous brown soil. The large aggregates contributed the most to the soil P availability. P application rate and soil aggregate regulated soil P availability synergistically. Therefore, the scientific P application and increasing the proportion of soil large aggregates were important to improve the availability of soil P utilization.

Key words: long-term phosphorus application, phosphorus component, soil aggregate, phosphatase activity, calcareous brown soil

HUANG ShaoHui, YANG HuiMin, YANG JunFang, YANG WenFang, NIE HaoLiang, ZHANG Jing, XING SuLi, WANG JingXia, YANG YunMa, JIA LiangLiang. Effects of Long-Term Chemical Phosphorus Application on Phosphorus Morphology and Phosphatase Activity of Different Aggregates Sizes in Calcareous Brown Soil[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(5): 943-955.

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References 42

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处理 Treatment	有机质含量 SOM content (g·kg^-1)	团聚体质量百分比 Mass proportion of aggregate (%)			MWD (mm)
处理 Treatment	有机质含量 SOM content (g·kg^-1)	>2 mm	0.25-2 mm	<0.25 mm	MWD (mm)
P0	15.6±2.1b	58.7±2.2b	23.9±1.7a	17.3±0.8a	3.2±0.1b
P120	18.9±0.5a	63.4±2.5a	18.9±1.4b	17.8±1.2a	3.4±0.1a
P210	18.6±0.3a	65.1±2.3a	16.3±1.6c	18.5±1.2a	3.5±0.1a

团聚体粒级 Aggregate size	处理 Treatment	全磷 TP	水溶性无机磷 Pi- H₂O	碳酸氢钠无机磷 Pi- NaHCO₃	碳酸氢钠有机磷 Po- NaHCO₃	氢氧化钠无机磷 Pi- NaOH	氢氧化钠有机磷 Po- NaOH	酸溶性无机磷 Pi-HCl	酸溶性有机磷 Po-HCl	酸溶性残留磷 Residual- P	提取率 Extraction efficiency (%)	无机磷 Inorganic P	有机磷 Organic P	活性磷 LP	中等活性磷 MLP	稳定性磷 SP
>2 mm	P0	904.9c	0.7c	6.4c	6.2ab	6.9c	53.2c	415.5c	106.6a	295.9b	98.5	429.4c	166.0c	13.3c	60.0c	818.0c
	P120	1085.5b	3.1b	22.7b	5.7b	15.6b	64.7b	505.7b	126.3b	317.7a	97.8	547.2b	196.6b	31.5b	80.3b	949.6b
	P210	1389.2a	21.4a	77.3a	6.5a	36.1a	74.2a	677.6a	153.8c	319.9a	98.4	812.3a	234.5a	105.2a	110.3a	1151.2a
0.25-2 mm	P0	901.6c	0.9c	9.1c	6.3b	6.2c	59.0c	397.8c	119.8c	293.3a	99.0	414.0c	185.1c	16.3c	65.2c	810.9c
	P120	1112.3b	3.4b	23.5b	6.1b	13.9b	71.5b	526.2b	134.6b	311.3a	98.0	566.9b	212.3b	33.0b	85.4b	972.1b
	P210	1397.5a	19.6a	73.2a	7.6a	34.4a	85.0a	703.8a	151.8a	310.5a	99.2	831.0a	244.4a	100.4a	119.4a	1166.1a
<0.25 mm	P0	1033.5c	1.3c	9.8c	12.5a	5.7c	73.5b	502.1c	133.4b	275.1a	98.0	518.8c	219.3b	23.5c	79.1c	910.6c
	P120	1203.1b	3.6b	24.9b	13.5ab	11.9b	83.7a	597.8b	152.6a	303.9a	99.1	638.2b	249.8a	42.0b	95.6b	1054.3b
	P210	1459.4a	18.5a	69.2a	14.9a	32.6a	84.2a	771.2a	153.6a	294.1a	98.6	891.6a	252.7a	102.7a	116.8a	1218.9a
变异来源 Source of variation
团聚体粒级 Aggregate size（A）		<0.001	0.165	0.488	<0.001	0.061	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.002	-	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
处理 Treatment（T）		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	-	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
团聚体粒级×处理 A×T		0.005	<0.001	<0.001	0.116	0.904	0.003	0.114	0.029	0.857	-	0.205	0.014	<0.001	0.041	0.618

Effects of Long-Term Chemical Phosphorus Application on Phosphorus Morphology and Phosphatase Activity of Different Aggregates Sizes in Calcareous Brown Soil

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处理 Treatment	冬小麦 Winter wheat (kg·hm^-2)			夏玉米 Summy maize (kg·hm^-2)
处理 Treatment	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
P0	195	0	60	150	0	75
P120	195	120	60	150	0	75
P210	195	210	60	150	0	75

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