长期施肥对黑土和棕壤团聚体稳定性的影响及驱动因素

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.19.010

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The effects of long-term different fertilization practices on aggregate distribution and stability of two typical soils (black soil and brown soil) in the black soil area were compared, and the key factors affecting aggregate stability were explored to provide the theoretical support for alleviating soil structural degradation. 【Method】 Based on a 34-year long-term positioning experiment in black soil and a 45-year long-term positioning experiment in brown soil, soil samples of 0-20 cm were collected by selecting the common fertilization treatments: no fertilization (CK), chemical fertilizer (NPK), and chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer (NPKM), as well as the special treatments of chemical fertilizer plus straw (NPKS) in black soil and manure (M) in brown soil. Soil chemical properties were determined and soil aggregates were sieved by wet-sieving procedure. 【Result】 Compared with CK, the proportion of microaggregates (>0.25 mm) under the NPK treatment in black soil and brown soil was significantly reduced by 8.6% and 11.3%, respectively, and the mean weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates was significantly reduced by 18.6% and 10.7%, respectively, indicating that the stability of aggregates in black soil and brown soil was significantly reduced by chemical fertilizer alone. The MWD under the NPKM and M treatments in brown soil increased significantly by 44.2% and 17.9%, respectively, whereas that had not noticeably changed under the NPKM treatment and significantly increased by 11.8% under the NPKS treatment in black soil, indicating that the application of pig manure in brown soil and straw return in black soil were important measures to improve aggregate stability. The stability of soil aggregates was mainly affected by soil chemical properties. NPK resulted in the decrease of pH and exchangeable Ca and Mg ions in black soil and brown soil, which hindered the formation and stability of microaggregates. The application of organic fertilizers (M, NPKM, NPKS) inhibited the decrease of soil pH, increased the content of particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC), and promoted the association of organic carbon with Fe/Al oxides and Ca/Mg ions, which accelerated the aggregation process of soil particles, maintaining and improving the stability of aggregates. The comprehensive analysis showed that the factors affecting the stability of black soil aggregates were chelated Al (Al_p), Ca²⁺, POC, pH and MAOC in order from the largest to the smallest, among which the stability of black soil aggregates was significantly negatively correlated with Al_pand positively correlated with other factors. The key factors affecting the stability of brown soil aggregates were POC, chelated Fe (Fe_p), pH, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, amorphous Al (Al_o), Al_p and amorphous Fe (Fe_o) in order from the largest to the smallest, among which the stability of brown soil aggregates was significantly negatively correlated with Al_o and Fe_o and positively correlated with other factors. 【Conclusion】 The application of organic fertilizers (pig manure, straw return) could mainly increase the contents of soil POC and Ca²⁺, inhibit soil acidification, and improve the stability of aggregates in black soil and brown soil, which were important fertilization practices to delay the degradation of soil structure in black soil areas.

Key words: long-term fertilization, black soil, brown soil, aggregate stability, organic carbon fractions, Fe/Al oxides

LI TianJiao, ZHANG NaiYu, SHEN WenYan, SONG TianHao, LIU HongFang, LIU XiaoYan, ZHANG XiuZhi, PENG Chang, YANG JinFeng, ZHANG ShuXiang. Effects of Long-Term Fertilization on Soil Aggregate Stability and Its Driving Factors in Black Soil and Brown Soil[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(19): 3835-3847.

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土壤类型 Soil type	施肥处理 Fertilization treatments	指标Indicator
土壤类型 Soil type	施肥处理 Fertilization treatments	pH	POC (g·kg^-1)	MAOC (g·kg^-1)	Ca²⁺ (g·kg^-1)	Mg²⁺ (mg·kg^-1)	Al_o (g·kg^-1)	Fe_o (g·kg^-1)	Al_p (mg·kg^-1)	Fe_p (mg·kg^-1)
黑土 Black soil	CK	7.76Aa	3.68Ac	8.26Ac	3.75Ab	177.27Bd	2.01Aa	2.08Ba	419.82Bb	93.32Bc
	NPK	6.44Ac	2.75Ad	9.64Abc	2.90Ab	338.19Ab	1.84Aa	2.02Ba	466.93Ba	160.15Bb
	NPKM	7.30Ab	6.26Ba	10.92Ab	6.00Aa	579.35Ba	1.78Aa	2.08Aa	406.65Bbc	235.91Ba
	NPKS	7.92a	5.21b	12.91a	5.75a	220.74c	1.73a	1.62a	380.70c	95.72c
棕壤 Brown soil	CK	5.70Bb	1.98Bc	8.52Abc	1.35Bcd	273.49Ac	1.42Bb	2.60Ab	466.73Ac	185.21Ad
	NPK	5.30Bc	2.32Bc	9.29Ab	1.80Bbc	218.18Bd	1.71Aa	3.26Aa	568.00Ab	239.96Ac
	NPKM	6.30Ba	11.67Aa	9.41Ab	4.58Aa	645.99Ab	1.01Bc	1.98Ac	690.52Aa	608.13Aa
	M	6.54a	6.67b	11.32a	2.02b	800.27a	1.51b	3.37a	567.98b	443.52b
土壤类型Soil type（S）		**	**		**		**	*	**	**
施肥处理 Fertilization treatments（F）		**	**	*	**	**	*		**	**
土壤类型×施肥处理S×F		**	**			**		*	**	**

	R（>0.25 mm）	MWD	GMD	D
R（>0.25 mm）	1	0.962**	0.947**	-0.965**
MWD		1	0.988**	-0.966**
GMD			1	-0.984**
D				1

Effects of Long-Term Fertilization on Soil Aggregate Stability and Its Driving Factors in Black Soil and Brown Soil

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