除臭菌的筛选及其在堆肥中的应用效果

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.13.010

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim of this study was to screen new deodorizing bacteria for solving the problem of odor emission from organic fertilizer plants with chicken manure as the main raw material, and providing the theoretical basis and support for aerobic composting biological deodorization technology.【Method】 The chicken manure was used as the sample to screen deodorizing bacteria to meet multiple goals by qualitative preliminary screening, domestication and enrichment, separation and purification, quantitative re-screening, antagonism test and drug-resistance test. The strains were identified by morphological observation and 16S rDNA sequence, and the compound bacteria agent BH was prepared and applied to chicken manure composting. Three treatments were set up, including raw materials without biological agents (CK), raw materials mixed with 1% biological deodorizing agent BH (DT1), and raw materials mixed with 1% purchased biological deodorizing agent (DT2). Some indexes were detected, including temperature, pH, electroconductibility (EC), gentamicin (GM) content and NH₃ emission, to explore the effect of BH during composting.【Result】 15 strains of bacteria were screened and isolated, named as BH1-BH15, but no fungi were screened. After rescreening, it was found that strains BH2, BH5, BH9, BH11, BH12 and BH15 had higher removal rates of NH₃, which were 48.8%, 49.4%, 45.8%, 48.3%, 51.0% and 51.8%, respectively, and there was no antagonism among the strains. The study on the drug-resistance of deodorizing strains showed that strains BH11 and BH12 had strong resistance to gentamicin. BH11 was identified as Bordetella sp. and BH12 was identified as Weeksella massiliensis by morphology and molecular biology. Then strain BH11 and BH12 were made into compound bacterial agent BH, and its deodorizing effect was significantly better than that of single bacterial agent, with the removal rate of NH₃ was 65.8%. During composting, the thermophilic phase of each treatment lasted for more than 9 days, and the harmless treatment of chicken manure was achieved. At the end of composting, the pH value of each treatment was stable at 8.40, between 5.5 and 8.5, and the EC was between 2.73 and 3.43 mS·cm^-1, lower than 4 mS·cm^-1, indicated that the material could be used as plant fertilizer and met the organic fertilizer standards. It was found that the GM degradation efficiency of DT2 treatment was significantly higher than that of CK treatment, indicated the commercial bacterial agent could promote the degradation of gentamicin. In addition, the emission of NH₃ during composting mainly occurred in mesophilic phase and thermophilic phase, and the emission in thermophilic phase was higher than that in mesophilic phase. Compared with CK treatment, the bacterial agent BH significantly inhibited the emission of NH₃ in mesophilic phase, and the deodorization effect was better than that of the commercial bacterial agent. After entering thermophilic phase, the deodorization effect of commercial bacterial agent was better than that of bacterial agent BH.【Conclusion】 Two strains of drug-resistant deodorizing bacteria were screened and the removal rates of NH₃ were 48.3% (BH11) and 51.0% (BH12), respectively, and the removal rate of NH₃ by the compound bacterial agent BH was 65.8%. The application of bacterial agent BH to chicken manure composting could effectively reduce the emission of NH₃ during composting, and all indicators met the standards of composting maturity.

Key words: deodorizing bacteria, drug resistance, screening, compound bacterial agent, chicken manure, composting

WEI QiHang, FENG Yao, WANG XiaoXing, ZHU HongGang, FANG Zhao, LI ZhaoJun. Screening of Deodorizing Bacteria and Its Application in Composting[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(13): 2623-2634.

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References 45

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指标 Index	pH	EC (mS·cm^-1)	含水率 Moisture content (%)	有机碳 Organic carbon (%)	全氮 Total nitrogen (%)
鸡粪 Chicken manure	6.55	3.86	54.07	28.97	3.83
玉米秸秆 Corn straw	/	/	9.69	49.81	0.64

菌株Strain	BH2	BH5	BH9	BH11	BH12	BH15
BH2	-
BH5	-	-
BH9	-	-	-
BH11	-	-	-	-
BH12	-	-	-	-	-
BH15	-	-	-	-	-	-

处理Treatment	庆大霉素含量Gentamicin content		降解率 Degradation rate (%)
处理Treatment	1 d (mg·kg^-1)	40 d (mg·kg^-1)	降解率 Degradation rate (%)
CK	38.76±1.50	19.79±0.61	48.88±2.65a
DT1	38.57±1.62	19.51±0.49	49.40±0.86a
DT2	38.78±0.91	17.13±0.72	55.82±1.47b

Screening of Deodorizing Bacteria and Its Application in Composting

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