基于GIS的河南省小麦产量及产量构成要素时空差异分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.04.006

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of the study was to clarify the main direction of further improving wheat grain yield in the different wheat regions of Henan province by analyzing the temporal and spatial differences of wheat yield and yield components. 【Method】The spatial distribution maps of wheat grain yield and yield components in four wheat regions of Henan province from 2017 to 2020 were drawn based on the field monitoring data of fixed wheat monitoring stations in Henan province, and the optimal model was selected by geographic information system (GIS), and then the differences and relationships among different wheat regions were analyzed. 【Result】The wheat yield and yield components were different between different wheat regions. Among them, the yield and the spike number in North Henan and Central Henan were significantly higher than those in South Henan and West Henan, and the North Henan’s were the most, while the West Henan’s were the least. However, the kernels per ear showed that the production regions in Central Henan, South Henan and North Henan were significantly more than West Henan’s, and the most in Central Henan, while the least in West Henan. The 1000-grains weight in North Henan was the most, while South Henan was the lowest. The wheat yield, spike number, kernels per ear, and 1000-grains weight in Central Henan and South Henan (Luohe, Zhoukou, Zhumadian, etc.) were often more than that of other places in Henan, and this performance were stable between years. Correlation analysis showed that the relationship between the three elements of yield and yield in different wheat regions was inconsistent. Specifically speaking, the 1000-grains weight, the kernels per ear and the spike number in the North Henan and Central Henan regions had the largest correlation with the yield. However, the relationship with yield in East Henan and South Henan were appeared as: the spike number was the largest, the 1000-grains weight was the second, and the kernels per ear was the smallest. Path analysis was carried out on the three elements of yield and yield in those four wheat regions, which further showed that there were differences in the contribution of the yield components to yield. More precisely, the spike number and kernels per ear contributed the most to the yield in North Henan, with a direct path coefficient of 0.67. The contribution of yield components to yield in Central Henan and South Henan regions was spike number> kernels per ear> 1000-grain weight; while in West Henan, the greatest was the spike number, followed by 1000-grain weight, and the kernels per ear was the least; the direct path coefficients were 0.69, 0.45 and 0.39, respectively. Meanwhile, the indirect diameter coefficient showed that enhancing the yield increase effect of the 1000-grain weight was better than that of the kernels per ear in North Henan, Central Henan, and South Henan regions, but the West Henan was better by enhancing the kernels per ear. 【Conclusion】There were large differences in wheat yield and yield components in Henan different wheat regions and between years. At the same time, the three components of wheat yield in different wheat regions had different contributions to yield. Therefore, in term of further tapping the potential of wheat production for Henan province, it should be accurately classified by regions and years. As far as the conditions of this experiment concerned, based on stabilizing the spike number in the Henan province wheat regions, the production regions of North Henan, Central Henan, and South Henan should focus on further tapping the potential of 1000-grain weight, while the West Henan improving the yield increase effect of the kernels per ear were better than that of the 1000-grain weight.

Key words: wheat yield, yield components, wheat producing area, temporal and spatial distribution

XIONG ShuPing, GAO Ming, ZHANG ZhiYong, QIN BuTan, XU SaiJun, FU XinLu, WANG XiaoChun, MA XinMing. Spatial and Temporal Difference Analysis of Wheat Yield and Yield Components in Henan Province Based on GIS[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(4): 692-706.

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Figures/Tables 14

Table 1

The overview of the study regions and the distribution of the monitoring points"

小麦产区 Wheat region	产区概况 Region overview	监测点分布 Monitoring points distribution	监测点数量 Monitoring points number
豫北灌区 Irrigated region of North Henan	河南北部,太行山东麓、南麓,与山西省毗邻,地处黄河北部及沿黄两岸地区,主要包括安阳市,新乡市,鹤壁市,焦作市,济源市,洛阳市的孟津、偃师等部分市（县）和濮阳市等。土壤多属于褐土类的不同土种,土质以中壤土或重壤土为主,小麦生育期内总降水量为160—250 mm The north of Henan, the eastern and southern foothills of Taihang mountain, is located in the northern part of the Yellow River and along the both sides of the Yellow River, mainly including Anyang city, Xinxiang city, Hebi city, Jiaozuo city, Jiyuan city, Mengjin, Yanshi and other cities (counties) of Luoyang city and Puyang city. The soil mostly belongs to different soil varieties of cinnamon soil, and the soil is mainly medium loam or heavy loam. The total precipitation during the growth period of wheat is 160-250 mm	濮阳县、范县、南乐县、清丰县、安阳县、内黄县、汤阴县、滑县、孟州市、获嘉县、修武县、博爱县、山阳区、济源市、浚县、淇县、长垣县、延津县、原阳县 Puyang county, Fan county, Nanle county. Qingfeng county, Anyang county, Neihuang county, Tangyin county, Hua county, Mengzhou city, Huojia county, Xiuwu county, Boai county, Shanyang district, Jiyuan city, Xun county,Qi county, Changyuan county, Yanjing county, Yuanyang county	23
豫中补灌区 Supplementary irrigation region of Central Henan	河南的中部平原,主要包括郑州市、开封市、商丘市、周口市、许昌市、漯河市部分市(县)。主要土壤类型为黏质潮土与两合土,小麦生育期内总降水量为200—300 mm The central plain of Henan mainly includes some cities (counties) of Zhengzhou city, Kaifeng city, Shangqiu city, Zhoukou city, Xuchang city and Luohe city. The main soil varieties are clay-fluvo-aquic soil and mixed soil. The total precipitation during wheat growth period is 200-300 mm	新郑市、巩义市、祥符区、杞县、通许县、尉氏县、兰考县、长葛市、禹州市、建安区、舞阳县、临颍县、郾城区、川汇区、商水县、鹿邑县、梁园区、柘城县、夏邑县、虞城县、永城市、舞钢市、叶县、宝丰县、汝州市 Xinzheng city, Gongyi city, Xiangfu district, Qi county, Tongxu county, Weishi county, Lankao county, Changge city, Yuzhou city, Jian'an district, Wuyang county, Linying county, Yicheng district, Chuanhui district, Shangshui county, Luyi county, Liangyuan district, Zhecheng county, Xiayi county, Yucheng county, Yongcheng city, Wugang city, Ye county, Baofeng county, Ruzhou city	33
豫西旱作区 Dry farming region of West Henan	河南省西部,豫西黄土塬坡区和豫北部分浅山丘陵区,太行山余脉和山前丘陵及熊耳山和肴山山脉的缓坡地带,海拔在200-500米,主要包括洛阳市、三门峡市等市县及焦作、新乡市等西部的缓冲丘陵地区。土壤以褐土和黄土为主,土壤质地普遍较黏,多为重壤,部分为中壤,小麦生育期内总降水仅为180—200 mm The west of Henan, the loess plateau slope area in the west of Henan and some shallow mountain and hilly areas in the north of Henan, the remaining veins of Taihang mountain, the hills in front of the mountain, the gentle slope of Xionger mountain and Yao mountain range, with an altitude of 200-500 m, mainly including cities and counties such as Luoyang city and Sanmenxia city, and the buffer hilly areas in the west such as Jiaozuo city and Xinxiang city. The soil is mainly cinnamon soil and loess. The soil texture is generally sticky, mostly heavy soil and some medium soil. The total precipitation during the growth period of wheat is only 180-200 mm	洛宁县、汝阳县、宜阳县、新安县、渑池县、灵宝市、郏县、渑池县 Luoning county, Ruyang county, Yiyang county, Xin'an county, Mianchi county, Lingbao city, Jiaxian county, Mianchi county	12
豫南雨养区 Rain-fed region of South Henan	河南南部,分布于北纬33度线两侧,主要包括驻马店市、周口市、南阳市、平顶山市、信阳市的部分县（市）。土壤以砂姜黑土与黄褐土为主要土壤类型,小麦生育期内总降水量为450—600 mm The south of Henan, distributed on both sides of the 33° N latitude line, mainly includes some counties (cities) of Zhumadian city, Zhoukou city, Nanyang city, Pingdingshan city and Xinyang city. The main soil types are lime concretion black soi and yellow cinnamon soil. The total precipitation during the growth period of wheat is 450-600 mm	西平县、平舆县、正阳县、驿城区、上蔡县、固始县、方城县、社旗县、唐河县、邓州市 Xiping county, Pingyu county, Zhengyang county, Yicheng district, Shangcai county, Gushi county, Fangcheng county, Sheqi county, Tanghe county and Dengzhou city	16

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小麦产区 Wheat region	年份 Year	降水量 Precipitation (mm)	≥0℃积温 ≥0℃ accumulated temperature
豫北 North Henan	2017	216	2345
	2018	230	2269
	2019	73	2260
	2020	189	2404
豫中 Central Henan	2017	353	2479
	2018	335	2404
	2019	158	2375
	2020	255	2552
豫西 West Henan	2017	260	2341
	2018	328	2253
	2019	96	2324
	2020	256	2425
豫南 South Henan	2017	458	2251
	2018	428	2154
	2019	271	2150
	2020	264	2354

小麦产区 Wheat region	自变量 Independent variable	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient	间接通径系数 Indirect path coefficient
小麦产区 Wheat region	自变量 Independent variable	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient	X₁→y	X₂→y	X₃→y
豫北 North Henan	X₁	0.67	—	-0.13	0.07
	X₂	0.67	-0.13	—	-0.06
	X₃	0.39	0.13	-0.10	—
豫中 Central Henan	X₁	0.54	—	0.00	0.07
	X₂	0.48	0.00	—	0.02
	X₃	0.42	0.09	0.02	—
豫西 West Henan	X₁	0.69	—	0.15	-0.01
	X₂	0.39	0.28	—	-0.15
	X₃	0.45	-0.01	-0.12	—
豫南 South Henan	X₁	0.60	—	-0.14	0.00
	X₂	0.52	-0.19	—	-0.04
	X₃	0.43	0.00	-0.03	—

Spatial and Temporal Difference Analysis of Wheat Yield and Yield Components in Henan Province Based on GIS

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