葡聚糖改性磷肥对冬小麦产量和肥料利用率的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.12.007

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dextran modified phosphate fertilizer prepared by the reaction between dextran and phosphate fertilizer with different polymerization degrees on the growth and soil phosphorus effectiveness of wheat, so as to provide the scientific support and theoretical basis for the application of dextran in phosphate fertilizer. 【Method】By using the reaction method, glucose (monomer), maltose (2-polymer), oligomaltose (≈5-polymer) and polydextrose (≈20-polymer) were added to a mixture of phosphoric acid and potassium hydroxide at 1% addition to prepare glucose-modified phosphate fertilizer (GP), maltose-modified phosphate fertilizer (MP), oligomaltose-modified phosphate fertilizer (OP) and polydextrose-modified phosphate fertilizer (PP), and the normal phosphate fertilizer (P) was prepared without the addition of dextran. The structural characteristics of the reaction between dextran and phosphate fertilizer were investigated by Fourier infrared transform spectroscopy (FTIR) and ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (³¹P NMR). Five treatments, including P, GP, MP, OP, and PP, were set up according to the principle of equal phosphorus amount, and the control (CK) was applied with only nitrogen and potassium fertilizers. The effect of different polymeric dextran modified phosphate fertilizers on wheat yield and fertilizer utilization was investigated by soil column cultivation. 【Result】(1) Compared with P, the FTIR spectra of dextran modified phosphate fertilizer showed a new vibration peak at 975 cm^-1, and the ³¹P NMR spectra showed a new displacement peak at 3.09-4.51 ppm, which might be due to the reaction between the hydroxyl group of dextran and phosphoric acid to form orthophosphate monoester. (2) Wheat yields were increased by 5.1%, 9.3%, 11.2% and 1.4% for the treatments with different polymerization degrees of dextran modified phosphate fertilizers (GP, MP, OP and PP) compared with P, respectively, mainly through the number of spikes, followed by the number of grains. (3) Compared with P, the total phosphorus uptake of wheat was significantly higher by 8.2%-21.4% under different polymerization degrees of dextran modified phosphate fertilizer treatments, among which, OP treatment was significantly higher than the other treatments. (4) The apparent phosphate fertilizer utilization rate of dextran modified phosphate fertilizer treatment was increased by 4.4-11.5 percentage points compared with P. The phosphate fertilizer bias productivity and phosphorus fertilizer agronomic efficiency were increased by 1.4%-11.2% and 1.6%-13.1%, respectively. The phosphate fertilizer utilization rate of both MP and OP treatments were significantly higher than P. (5) Compared with P, the soil fast-acting phosphorus content of dextran modified phosphate fertilizer treatment was significantly higher 10.2%-29.9%, and the OP treatment was significantly higher than the other dextran modified phosphorus fertilizer treatments. 【Conclusion】 Compared with common phosphate fertilizer, all dextran modified phosphate fertilizers with different polymerization degrees could improve wheat yield, promote the uptake and utilization of phosphorus in wheat, increase soil fast-acting phosphorus content, and reduce phosphorus fertilizer fixation. With the increase of dextran polymerization degree, wheat yield and apparent phosphorus fertilizer utilization increased first and then decreased. The best effect of dextran polymerization on the modification and efficiency of phosphate fertilizer was achieved when the polymerization degree of dextran was 4-6.

Key words: dextran, dextran polymerization degree, phosphate fertilizer, wheat yield, fertilizer utilization rate

YAN YanGe, ZHANG ShuiQin, LI YanTing, ZHAO BingQiang, YUAN Liang. Effect of Dextran Modified Phosphate Fertilizer on the Winter Wheat Yield and Fertilizer Utilization Rate[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(12): 2317-2328.

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肥料 Fertilizer	代号 Code	葡聚糖聚合度 Polymerization degree of dextran	P₂O₅含量 P₂O₅content (%)
普通磷肥Common phosphate fertilizer	P	—	36.08
葡萄糖改性磷肥Glucose modified phosphate fertilizer	GP	1	35.11
麦芽糖改性磷肥Maltose modified phosphate fertilizer	MP	2	35.97
低聚麦芽糖改性磷肥Oligomeric maltose modified phosphate fertilizer	OP	≈5	35.45
聚葡萄糖改性磷肥Polyglucose modified phosphate fertilizer	PP	≈20	35.48

峰值 Wave (cm^-1)	基团 Group
3500-2921	PO-H^[25-26]
1664-1630	HPO₄^2-[25⇓-27]
1605	H₂PO₄^-[27-28]
1140-910	P-OH、P=O或P-O-C^[25-26,29]
975	P-O-C^[29]
852	P-(OH)₃或P-O-R^[28-29]
546	PO₄^[25,29]

处理 Treatment	K₃PO₄	K₂HPO₄	正磷酸单酯 Orthophosphate monoester
P		100.00
GP	29.88	58.72	11.40
MP	36.19	52.38	11.13
OP	31.37	58.82	9.81
PP	78.43	13.73	7.84

处理 Treatment	穗数 Spike number (No./pot)	穗粒数 Grains per ear	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)
CK	14.00c	17.49b	44.44b
P	38.00b	40.74a	47.53a
GP	39.25ab	40.82a	48.19a
MP	40.75ab	40.54a	48.58a
OP	41.25a	41.55a	47.67a
PP	39.75ab	38.11a	49.30a

产量构成要素 Yield component	决策系数 Decision coefficient	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient	间接通径系数Indirect path coefficient
产量构成要素 Yield component	决策系数 Decision coefficient	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient	→穗数 Spike number	→穗粒数 Grains per ear	→千粒重 1000-grain weight
穗数 Spike number	0.242	0.515		0.448	0.022
穗粒数 Grains per ear	0.240	0.477	0.484		0.020
千粒重 1000-grain weight	0.021	0.035	0.325	0.278

Effect of Dextran Modified Phosphate Fertilizer on the Winter Wheat Yield and Fertilizer Utilization Rate

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处理 Treatment	表观利用率 P recovery efficiency (%)	偏生产力 P partial productivity (kg·kg^-1)	农学效率 P agronomic efficiency (kg·kg^-1)
P	42.32c	48.96b	41.78b
GP	48.04b	51.45ab	44.27ab
MP	48.35b	53.49a	46.31a
OP	53.85a	54.45a	47.27a
PP	46.7bc	49.63b	42.45b

处理 Treatment	速效磷含量Soil available <BOLD>P</BOLD> content (mg·kg^-1)			总计 Total (mg·kg^-1)
处理 Treatment	0-30 cm	30-60 cm	60-90 cm	总计 Total (mg·kg^-1)
CK	4.39c	5.21d	4.64b	14.25d
P	14.06b	9.59c	5.13ab	28.78c
GP	13.81b	12.05b	5.86a	31.72b
MP	14.51b	13.56a	6.07a	34.14b
OP	21.18a	10.49c	5.71ab	37.38a
PP	15.72b	12.42ab	5.51ab	33.64b

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