中国高粱产业和种业发展现状与未来展望

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.03.002

Abstract

Abstract:

Sorghum is the fifth largest grain crop in the world and an important cereal crop in China. In the past 10 years since the launch of the industrial technology system, 277 breeding materials of dwarf, disease resistance, high amylopectin and low tannin have been identified and developed. The control genes of important traits of sorghum were cloned by using the whole genome association analysis of mutants and natural population. A total of 71 new varieties of sorghum for brewing were developed, which are suitable for mechanized operation and are resistant to dense dwarf stalks. The innovation and integration are suitable for light and simple cultivation techniques of sorghum in different regions. The planting area of sorghum increased by 26.8%, the total yield increased by 93.5%, and the yield per unit area increased by 52.7%. Driven by the transformation and upgrading of high-end liquor, with Moutai, Wuliangye Liquor, Fen Liquor and other well-known liquor enterprises as the core, the sorghum characteristic industry development mode of “brand + variety + origin + farmer” has been formed and remarkable income increasing effect has been achieved. Industrial development has boosted the protection and transfer of sorghum variety rights, and the joint breeding and industrial development oriented to the needs of industry and enterprises have promoted the steady development of sorghum seed enterprises. In the context of the new era of rural revitalization strategy and healthy China strategy, the characteristics of sorghum, such as drought resistance, flood resistance, salt and alkali resistance, combined use of grain and forage, and high light efficiency, have brought new opportunities to the development of sorghum industry and seed industry in China. At the same time, China's sorghum industry and seed industry are also facing many challenges, such as insufficient multi-use development, insufficient protection of seed right, insufficient ability of original innovation and insufficient support of industrial policies. In the future, the breeding of new sorghum varieties and the seed industry in China will be transformed from brewing to multi-use. Targeted breeding will be carried out in different suitable geographical environments according to the brewing process requirements of enterprises, and the sorghum planting in saline-alkali land, fallow areas and sickle-shaped areas will show a restorative growth. It is the future development goal of China's sorghum seed industry to establish a modern seed industry innovation system, promotion system and industrial system suitable for the development of China's sorghum industry and seed industry, and to build a seed industry chain operation mechanism that integrates the development of research institutes, seed enterprises, promotion departments and postpartum processing enterprises. In the future, the key task of sorghum seed industry and industry in China is to create key breeding materials with herbicide resistance, high starch, low tannin resistance, aphid resistance and other target traits. Carry out research on key technologies such as gene editing, marker assisted selection, whole genome selection, and efficient genetic transformation to build a modern and efficient breeding platform; select new varieties of sorghum for high-quality and special brewing, feed, forage, energy, broom use, etc.; establish databases for DNA fingerprint identification and key phenotypic traits of registered varieties; and lay out according to the ecological characteristics, resource endowment and layout of sorghum production areas optimize the industrial base and seed production base.

Key words: sorghum, production, seed industry, development status, future prospective

LI ShunGuo,LIU Meng,LIU Fei,ZOU JianQiu,LU XiaoChun,DIAO XianMin. Current Status and Future Prospective of Sorghum Production and Seed Industry in China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(3): 471-482.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1

Table 1

Table 2

Fig. 2

Table 3

Table 4

Transfer of sorghum variety management right"

单位 Company	品种 Varieties	转让金额（万元） Transfer amount (Ten thousand yuan)	种业公司 Seed companies
河北省农林科学院谷子研究所 Institute of Millet Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences	冀酿2号、红茅粱6号Jiniang2, Hongmaoliang 6	90	河北丰苑种业、黑龙江惠龙农业科技开发有限公司Hebei Fengyuan seed industry, Heilongjiang huilong agricultural science and technology development co. LTD
赤峰市农牧科学院 Chifeng Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences	赤笤102、赤杂122 Chitiao 102, Chiza 122	115	内蒙古蒙龙种业、内蒙古利禾种业、敖汉鹏程农业 Inner Mongolia Menglong seed industry, Inner Mongolia Lihe seed industry, Aohan Pengcheng agriculture
黑龙江省农业科学院 Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences	龙杂18、龙杂19、龙杂20、糯粱1、龙帚2 Longza18, Longza19, Longza20, Nuoliang1, Longzhou 2	850	吉林亿家农业、黑龙江德邦农业、巴林左旗纪业种子有限公司 Jilin Yijia agriculture, Heilongjiang Debang agriculture, Bahrain Zuoqi Jiye Seed Co., Ltd
吉林省农业科学院作物育种所 Institute of Crop Breeding, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences	吉杂218、吉杂210 Jiza 218, Jiza 210	65	内蒙古赤峰市和为贵种业有限公司、吉林承平农业有限公司 Inner Mongolia Chifeng heweigui Seed Industry Co., Ltd, Jilin Chengping Agriculture Co., Ltd
山西省农业科学院高粱研究所 Sorghum Research Institute of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences	晋杂系列高粱 Jinza series sorghum	331	山西大丰种业有限公司、晋中龙生种业有限公司 Shanxi Dafeng Seed Industry Co., Ltd, Jinzhong Longsheng Seed Industry Co., Ltd
四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所 Rice Sorghum Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences	泸糯12号、川糯粮1号、金糯粮1号 Lnuo 12, Chuannuoliang No.1, Jinnuo grain No.1	220	四川省人民政府、泸州金土地公司 Sichuan Provincial People's Government, Luzhou gold land company
合计total		1671

Table 4

Fig. 3

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主产区 Region	1978		2018
主产区 Region	播种面积（万公顷） Planting area (×10⁴ hm²)	占全国比重 National share (%)	播种面积（万公顷） Planting area (×10⁴ hm²)	占全国比重 National share (%)
华北主产区（山西省、内蒙古自治区和河南省） Main production areas of North China (Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Henan)	52.8	15.3	17.2	24.2
东北主产区（辽宁省、吉林省和黑龙江省） Main production areas in Northeast China (Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang)	140.0	40.5	24.4	34.4
西南主产区（四川省、贵州省和重庆市） Main production areas in Southwest China (Sichuan, Guizhou, Chongqing)	8.7	2.5	21.0	29.6
全国Nation	345.7	58.3	71.0	88.2

品种面积范围 Variety area range	品种数 Variety number	品种占比 Variety proportion (%)	推广面积（万公顷） Extension area (×10⁴ hm²)	面积占比 Area ratio (%)
1.3万hm²以上 Over 1.3×10⁴ hm²	9	4.5	21.4	34.0
0.7万—1.3万hm²0.7×10⁴-1.3×10⁴ hm²	11	5.6	7.3	11.6
0.3万—0.6万hm²0.3×10⁴-0.6×10⁴ hm²	35	17.7	26.7	42.5

单位 Company	2017	2018	2019	合计 Total
科研单位 Scientific research institution	20	124	64	208
公司 Company	11	125	61	197
合计 Total	31	249	125	405

Current Status and Future Prospective of Sorghum Production and Seed Industry in China

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