京津冀地区肉鸡不同生产环节沙门菌的流行和传播

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.01.015

Abstract

Abstract:

【Background】Salmonella is an important zoonotic pathogen and foodborne pathogen, with over 2 600 identified so far. Different serotypes of Salmonella exhibits varying degrees of pathogenicity to animals and humans. Broiler is one of the important hosts of Salmonella epidemic transmission, and its contamination status is directly related to the healthy breeding of broilers and public health security. The broiler production chain is the main source of Salmonella infection in broilers, which mainly covers breeder farms, broiler hatcheries, and broiler farms, etc. The study of the prevalence and transmission of Salmonella in different production links of broilers is of great significance for the prevention and control of Salmonella in broilers and for public health and safety. It is important to study the prevalence and transmission of Salmonella in different links of broiler production for the prevention and control of Salmonella in broiler and public health safety.【Objective】 This study systematically investigated the prevalence, serotype distribution and molecular typing of Salmonella in different production chains of broilers, taking broiler breeder farms, broiler hatcheries and commercial broiler farms in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region as an entry point, which provided data for the study of Salmonella epidemic and transmission in broiler production chain.【Method】A total of 2 572 samples were collected from 28 broiler farms in different production stages of broilers in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region (including within a certain breeding group), of which 324, 747 and 1 501 samples were collected from broiler breeder farms, broiler hatcheries and commercial broiler farms, respectively. Firstly, the samples were cultured for the enrichment of Salmonella, and then the isolation and identification of Salmonella were carried out by color development medium and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR); secondly, the identified Salmonella were serotyped by Danish serum, and the identification of Salmonella was carried out by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFG), and the identification of Salmonella was carried out by PFG, and the identification of Salmonella was carried out by PFG. The results were analyzed by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) method for molecular typing of Salmonella. Finally, the carrier status, serotype distribution and molecular typing results of broilers from different production farms were analyzed and compared.【Result】A total of 335 strains of Salmonella were isolated from different production segments of broilers, with an overall isolation rate of 13.0%, of which the isolation rates of Salmonella from broiler breeder farms, broiler hatcheries and commercial broiler farms were 3.4%, 30.3% and 6.5% respectively. A total of 32 Salmonella strains were isolated from different production segments within the same farming group, with an isolation rate of 8.6%, among which the isolation rates of Salmonella from broiler breeder farms, broiler hatcheries and commercial broiler farms were 2.0%, 14.0% and 9.2%, respectively. A total of 11 serotypes of Salmonella isolates were distributed, with the dominant serotype was S. enteritidis, followed by S. tennessee, S. gallinarum and S. javiana. There were differences in the dominant serovars of Salmonella in different production stages of broiler chickens, including S. enteritidis and S. nitra in broiler breeder farms; S. enteritidis, S. tennessee, and S. gallinarum in broiler hatcheries; and S. enteritidis, S. javiana, and S. gallinarum in commercial broiler farms. Except for five strains of S. eschweiler isolated from feed, all Salmonella serotypes isolated from different production segments within the same farming group were S. enteritidis. The PFGE typing results of Salmonella isolates from different production segments of broiler chickens showed that the PFGE homology of Salmonella from different serotypes was low; the PFGE band spectra of most S. enteritidis belonged to clustering group I, with a degree of similarity of 93.1%; and there were identical PFGE spectra of S. enteritidis isolated from different production segments in the same breeding group.【Conclusion】The isolation rate of Salmonella in various production segments of broiler in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region varies greatly, mainly dominated by the epidemic transmission of S. enteritidis, and there is vertical clonal transmission of S. enteritidis between different production links of broilers; breeders are an important source of Salmonella infection in broilers, the environment of the farms and feeds are also one of the sources of Salmonella infections in broilers.Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the purification of Salmonella in breeder chickens, and at the same time to do a good job in the prevention and control of Salmonella in other production links, in order to guarantee the healthy breeding of broiler chickens and the security of public hygiene.

Key words: broilers, Salmonella, production stages, serotype, PFGE

LIU FangQin, CUI MingQuan, ZHANG Lu, CHEN Yu, WANG HeJia, ZHANG ChunPing. Prevalence and Transmission of Salmonella Among Different Broiler Breeding Processes in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(1): 192-202.

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References 41

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生产环节 Production link	样品来源 Sample source	样品类型 Sample type	采样场数 Number of sample fields	采样数量 Number of samples
肉种鸡养殖场 Broiler breeder farm	种鸡Breeder	泄殖腔Cloaca	5	324
肉鸡孵化场 Broiler hatchery	弱/死胚 Weak/dead embryo	卵黄囊Yolk sac	7	599
肉鸡孵化场 Broiler hatchery	健康鸡胚 Healthy chicken embryo	卵黄囊Yolk sac	7	148
商品化肉鸡养殖场 Commercial broiler farm	肉鸡Broiler	泄殖腔拭子、盲肠 Cloacal swab, cecum	15	1438
	环境Environment	设施表面Facility	1	33
	饲料Feed	饲料Feed		19
	饮水Drinking water	饮用水Drinking water		11
总计 Total			28	2572

生产环节 Production link	分离株数（分离率） Number of isolates (Segregation rate%)	血清型（株数） Serotype (Number of plants)
肉种鸡养殖场Broiler breeder farm	11(3.4%)	肠炎Enteritidis(4)、尼特拉Nitra(3)、韦登斯维尔Waedenswil(1)、II(3)
肉鸡孵化场 Broiler hatchery	226(30.3%)	肠炎Enteritidis(157),、田纳西Tennessee(27)、鸡白痢Gallinarum(13)、恩多洛Ndolo(5)、尼特拉Nitra(4)、II(17)、不可分型Undetermined(3)
商品化肉鸡养殖场 Commercial broiler farm	98(6.5%)	肠炎Enteritidis(34)、爪哇纳Javiana(17)、鸡白痢Gallinarum(8)、因冈达Inganda(6)、马流产Abortusequi(3)、甲型副伤寒Paratyphi A(2)、尼特拉Nitra(1) 、II(14)、埃施魏勒Eschweiler(5)、不可分型Undetermined(8)

生产环节 Production link	采样数量 Number of samples (Copies)	样品来源 Sample source	分离株数（分离率%） Number of isolates (Segregation rate%)	血清型（株数） Serotype (Number of plants)
肉种鸡养殖场 Broiler breeder farms	100	种鸡Breeders	2 (2.0%)	肠炎Enteritidis(2)
肉鸡孵化场 Broiler hatchery	100	鸡胚Chicken embryos	14(14.0%)	肠炎Enteritidis(14)
商品化肉鸡养殖场 Commercial broiler farms	110	肉鸡Broiler	10(9.1%)	肠炎Enteritidis(10)
	33	环境Environment	1 (3.0%)	肠炎Enteritidis(1)
	19	饲料Feed	5 (26.3%)	埃施魏勒Eschweiler(5)
	11	饮用水Drinking water	0	/

Prevalence and Transmission of Salmonella Among Different Broiler Breeding Processes in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

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