饲粮能量水平对荷斯坦阉牛生产性能、血液指标、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.01.015

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The effects of dietary energy level on the production performance, blood index, slaughter performance and meat quality of Holstein steers were studied in this study, so as to provide a theory basis for fattening of Holstein steers.【Method】Thirty-nine healthy Holstein steers weighing about 650 kg were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups(n=13). The trial period was 255 d (the preparation period for 10 days and formal experiment period for 245 days). In the early stage of trial (from day 1 to 87), the three groups were low energy group (LE), medium energy group (ME), and high energy group (HE). The NE_mf were 6.10, 6.30, and 6.50 MJ·kg^-1, respectively, and the CP levels were 11.6%; the late stage of the test (from day 88 to 245) was divided into three stages, I (from day 88 to 130), II (from day131 to 188) and III (from day189 to 245). The dietary energy and CP level of each experimental group was the same in different stages, NE_mf was 6.7, 7.20, and 7.29 MJ·kg^-1, respectively, and CP level was 11.5%.The production performance and other indicators were measured at the end of the early and later period of the feeding experiment. Six steers in each group were randomly selected to collect blood for blood biochemical indicators measurement and to slaughter for slaughtering performance and meat quality measurement.【Result】Compared with LE group and ME group, the average daily gain(ADG) of HE group were increased by 21.50% (P<0.05) and 17.12% (P<0.05) , respectively, but there was no significant effect of dietary energy level on the ADG and feed to weight ratio of Holstein steer in the late and whole period (P>0.05).In the early stage of trial, the serum TG content increased significantly, the high and low order was HE group >ME group>LE group, the LPL content in HE group was the highest, which was 35.17% (P<0.05) and 9.92% higher than that in LE group and ME group, respectively; the NEFA content in HE group was the highest, which was 13.16% (P<0.05) higher than that in LE group, and there was no significant difference with that in ME group. At the later stage of trial, the LPL content of LE group was significantly increased by 18.47% (P<0.05) and 26.17% (P<0.05) compared with ME group and HE group.The carcass weight of Holstein steers was significantly increased by different dietary energy levels, the highest in HE group, which was 6.26% and 5.26% higher than that in LE group and ME group; the slaughter rate in HE group was 4.86% (P<0.05) and 4.10% (P<0.05) higher than that in LE group and ME group, but there was no significant difference in eye muscle area and marbling grade (P>0.05). The dietary energy level had no effect on pH, drop loss, shear force, dehydration rate and colorimetric values (P>0.05); the content of fat in the longissimus dorsi muscle of HE group was the highest, which was significantly increased by 52.54% (P<0.05) and 57.45% (P<0.05) compared with LE group and ME group, respectively.【Conclusion】Under the conditions of this experiment, it was better to adopt the straight-line high-energy fattening mode for Holstein steer. In the stage of body weight 650-770 kg, the level of NE_mf was 6.50 MJ·kg^-1, and the level of CP was 11.6%.

Key words: energy, Holstein steers, growth performance, slaughter performance, meat quality

ZHANG MeiQi,LI Yan,LI ShuJing,GAO YanXia,LI JianGuo,CAO YuFeng,LI QiuFeng. Effects of Dietary Energy Levels on Production Performance, Blood Index, Slaughter Performance and Meat Quality of Holstein Steers[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(1): 203-212.

0
/ / Recommend

Add to citation manager EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

URL: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/EN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.01.015

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/EN/Y2021/V54/I1/203

Figures/Tables 6

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

References 34

[1]	杜柳柳, 李秋凤, 李妍, 曹玉凤, 于春起, 陈园, 刘薇, 高艳霞, 李建国. 去势对荷斯坦奶公牛生长性能、血液生化指标及屠宰性能的影响. 中国畜牧杂志, 2016,52(7):75-79.
	DU L L, LI Q F, LI Y, CAO Y F, YU C Q, CHEN Y, LIU W, GAO Y X, LI J G. Effects of castration on growth performance, blood biochemical indexes and slaughter performance of Holstein dairy bulls. Chinese Journal of Animal Science, 2016, 52(7):75-79. (in Chinese)
[2]	闫向民. 去势对新疆褐牛公牛产肉性能与胴体品质影响的研究[D]. 乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学, 2014.
	YAN X M. The research on performance and carcass quality of castration Xinjiang brown cattle bulls beef[D]. Urumqi: Xinjiang Agricultural University, 2014. (in Chinese)
[3]	郭同军. 去势影响西门塔尔牛脂肪沉积的生理机制研究[D]. 乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学, 2015.
	GUO T J. Study on the physiological mechanism of fat deposition by castration in Simmental cattle[D]. Urumqi: Xinjiang Agricultural University, 2015. (in Chinese)
[4]	孙芳, 赵晓川, 刘利, 吴民, 张丽丽, 李培龙. 阉割奶公牛与和杂牛屠宰性能和肉品质的比较. 中国畜牧杂志, 2015,51(S1):121-124.
	SUN F, ZHAO X C, LIU L, WU M, ZHANG L L, LI P L. Comparison of slaughter performance and meat quality of castrated bulls and heifers. Chinese Journal of Animal Science, 2015,51(S1):121-124. (in Chinese)
[5]	董丹萍, 马俪珍. 牛肌内脂肪的研究进展. 农产品加工, 2010(8):76-78.
	DONG D P, MA L Z. Research progress on bovine muscle fat. Farm Products Processing, 2010(8):76-78. (in Chinese)
[6]	MERCHEN N R, DARDEN D E, BERGER L L, FAHEY G C, TITGEMEYER E C, FERNANDO R L. Effects of dietary energy level and supplemental protein source on performance of growing steers and nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in lambs. Journal of Animal Science, 1987,65(3):658-668. doi: 10.2527/jas1987.653658x pmid: 3667430
[7]	柏峻, 赵二龙, 李艳娇, 李美发, 辛均平, 杨食堂, 杨建军, 易中华, 瞿明仁, 许兰娇. 饲粮能量水平对育肥前期锦江牛屠宰性能、肉品质及血清内源激素含量的影响. 动物营养学报, 2019,31(3):1163-1170.
	BAI J, ZHAO E L, LI Y J, LI M F, XIN J P, YANG S T, YANG J J, YI Z H, QU M R, XU L J. Effects of dietary energy level on slaughter performance, meat quality and serum endogenous hormone contents of Jinjiang steers in early stage of fattening. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2019,31(3):1163-1170. (in Chinese)
[8]	NAVARRETE J D, MONTANO M F, RAYMUNDO C, SALINAS- CHAVIRA J, TORRENTERA N, ZINN R A. Effect of energy density and virginiamycin supplementation in diets on growth performance and digestive function of finishing steers. Asian- Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2017,30(10):1396-1404.
[9]	WANG H B, LI H, WU F, QIU X J, YU Z T, NIU W J, HE Y, SU H W, CAO B H. Effects of dietary energy on growth performance, rumen fermentation and bacterial community, and meat quality of holstein- friesians bulls slaughtered at different ages. Animals, 2019,9(12):1123. DOI: 10.3390/ani9121123. doi: 10.3390/ani9121123
[10]	郭亮, 王治华, 蔡治华, 江汪洋, 王连仲. 营养水平对荷斯坦肥育牛胴体品质及肉品质量的影响. 中国兽医学报, 2008(10): 1225-1228+1238.
	GUO L, WANG Z H, CAI Z H, JIANG W Y, WANG L Z. Effect of nutrition levels on carcass quality and meat quality in finishing Holstein steers. Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science, 2008(10): 1225-1228+1238. (in Chinese)
[11]	钟佳琳, 郑祎宁, 贺花, 刘洪冰, 张子敬, 王二耀, 雷初朝, 陈宏, 黄永震. 高档牛肉生产现状及开发前景. 中国牛业科学, 2018,44(6):40-43.
	ZHONG J L, ZHENG W N, HE H, LIU H B, ZHANG Z J, WANG E Y, LEI C C, CHEN H, HUANG Y Z. Production status and development prospect of high grade beef. China Cattle Science, 2018,44(6):40-43. (in Chinese)
[12]	中华人民共和国国家市场监督管理总局和中国国家标准管理委员会. GB/T19477-2018 畜禽屠宰操作规程牛. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2018.
	State Administration of Market Supervision and Administration of the People’s Republic of China and China National Standards Administration Committee. GB/T19477-2018 Operational Rules for Livestock and Poultry Slaughtering-Cattle. Beijing: China Standards Press, 2018. (in Chinese)
[13]	中华人民共和国农业农村部. NY/T676-2007 牛肉质量分级. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2007.
	Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. NY/T676-2007 Beef Quality Grading. Beijing: China Standards Press, 2007. (in Chinese)
[14]	祝贺. 不同等级牛肉品质特点和感官分析[D]. 泰安:山东农业大学, 2012.
	ZHU H. Quality traits and sensory evaluation of fattening beef in China[D]. Taian: Shandong Agricultural University, 2012. (in Chinese)
[15]	中华人民共和国农业农村部. NY/T1180-2006 肉剪切力的测定法. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2006.
	Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. NY/T1180-2006 Measurement of Shear Force of Meat. Beijing: China Standards Press, 2006. (in Chinese)
[16]	张丽英. 饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术. 北京: 北京农业大学出版社, 2007.
	ZHANG L Y. Feed Analysis and Feed Quality Test Technology[M]. Beijing: Beijing Agricultural University Press, 2007. (in Chinese)
[17]	武婷婷, 王敏, 郭辉, 杨膺白, 贺志雄, 王荣, 马志远, 黄琳峰, 林波, 梁云斌. 不同能量水平的象草饲粮对肉牛生长、消化及血清生化指标的影响. 动物营养学报, 2018,30(3):1178-1184.
	WU T T, WANG M, GUO H, YANG Z B, HE Z X, WANG R, MA Z Y, HUANG L F, LIN B, LIANG Y B. Influences of elephant grass diet with different energy levels on growth, digestion and serum biochemical parameters of beef cattle. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2018,30(3):1178-1184. (in Chinese)
[18]	柏峻, 赵二龙, 李美发, 辛均平, 许兰娇, 瞿明仁, 易中华, 杨食堂, 杨建军, 李艳娇. 饲粮能量水平对育肥前期锦江阉牛生长性能、养分消化和能量代谢的影响. 动物营养学报, 2019,31(2):692-698.
	BAI J, ZHAO E L, LI M F, XIN J P, XU L J, QU M R, YI Z H, YANG S T, YANG J J, LI Y J. Effects of dietary energy level on growth performance, nutrient digestion and energy metabolism of Jinjiang Steers in early stage of fattening. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2019,31(2):692-698. (in Chinese)
[19]	LI L Y, ZHU Y K, WANG X Y, HE Y, CAO B H. Effects of different dietary energy and protein levels and sex on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of F1 Angus x Chinese Xiangxi yellow cattle. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 2014,5(4):485-496.
[20]	曾书秦, 刁其玉, 王建芬, 王俊, 司丙文, 杨春涛, 屠焰. 不同能量水平饲粮对7~10月龄荷斯坦育成牛生长性能和血清指标的影响. 动物营养学报, 2015,27(2):606-615. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.02.033
	ZENG S Q, DIAO Q Y, WANG J F, WANG J, SI B W, YANG C T, TU Y. Effects of diets with different energy levels on growth performance and serum indices in Chinese Holstein Heifers aged 7 to 10 months. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2015,27(2):606-615. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.02.033
[21]	王鸿泽. 日粮能量水平对舍饲育肥牦牛生产性能、瘤胃发酵及肌内脂肪代谢的影响[D]. 雅安:四川农业大学, 2015.
	WANG H Z. Effects of dietary energy concentration on performance, rumen fermentation and intramuscular fat metabolism in yaks fed indoors[D]. Ya'an: Sichuan Agricultural University, 2015. (in Chinese)
[22]	MANI V, ARIVALAGAN S, ISLAM SIDDIQUE A, NAMASIVAYAM N. Antihyperlipidemic and antiapoptotic potential of zingerone on alcohol induced hepatotoxicity in experimental rats. Chemico- Biological Interactions, 2017,272:197-206. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.04.019 pmid: 28442378
[23]	田冯伟. 血糖波动对2型糖尿病患者游离脂肪酸谱和脂蛋白脂酶的影响[D]. 石家庄:河北医科大学, 2010.
	TIAN F W. Effect of plasma glucose fluctuation on free fatty acid composition and lipoprotein lipase with type 2 diabetes mellitus[D]. Shijiazhuang: Hebei Medical University, 2010. (in Chinese)
[24]	OLIVECRONA G. Role of lipoprotein lipase in lipid metabolism. Current Opinion in Lipidology, 2016,27(3):233-241. doi: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000297 pmid: 27031275
[25]	廉红霞, 卢德勋, 高民. 饲粮营养水平对猪血液生化指标、背最长肌IMF含量及LPLmRNA表达量的影响. 中国饲料, 2008(5): 12-15+20.
	LIAN H X, LU D X, GAO M. Effects of dietary nutrition levels on blood biochemical parameters, IMF content in longissimus dorsalis and LPL mRNA expression in pigs. China Feed, 2008(5): 12-15+20. (in Chinese)
[26]	焦书文, 邱连荣, 周亚茹, 王丽莉, 张晓阳, 耿玲玲. 肿瘤坏死因子α、脂联素、游离脂肪酸对妊娠期糖尿病的预测价值. 中国临床医生杂志, 2019,47(3):349-351.
	JIAO S W, QIU L R, ZHOU Y R, WANG L L, ZHANG X Y, GENG L L. Predictive value of tumor necrosis factor alpha, adiponectin and free fatty acids in gestational diabetes. Chinese Journal for Clinicians, 2019,47(3):349-351. (in Chinese)
[27]	胡仕良. 西农萨能奶山羊乳腺上皮细胞LPL基因特征与功能的初步研究[D]. 杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2012.
	HU S L. Primary char acteristcs and function study of LPL in epithelial cell of Xinong Saanen dairy goat[D]. Yangling: Northwest A & F University, 2012. (in Chinese)
[28]	康婧鹏, 王文基, 郭亚敏, 景小平, 仲崇亮, 郭伟, 龙瑞军, 周建伟. 不同能量水平低氮饲粮对藏羊表观消化率、氮代谢和生长性能的影响. 草业学报, 2018,27(9):166-174.
	KANG J P, WANG W J, GUO Y M, JING X P, ZHONG C L, GUO W, LONG R J, ZHOU J W. Effects of different dietary energy levels on apparent digestibility, nitrogen metabolism and growth performance of Tibetan sheep under low nitrogen conditions. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2018,27(9):166-174. (in Chinese)
[29]	李国华. 游离脂肪酸对原代培养奶牛肝细胞脂代谢的影响. 吉林畜牧兽医, 2017,38(6):11-14.
	LI G H. Effect of free fatty acids on lipid metabolism in primary cultured cow liver cells. Jilin Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2017,38(6):11-14. (in Chinese)
[30]	岳康宁, 李秋凤, 曹玉凤, 吴磊, 于春起, 王美美, 李妍, 高艳霞, 李建国. 不同能量水平日粮对2~3胎淘汰荷斯坦母牛育肥性能的影响. 畜牧与兽医, 2019,51(1):29-34.
	YUE K N, LI Q F, CAO Y F, WU L, YU C Q, WANG M M, LI Y, GAO Y X, LI J G. Influence of different dietary energy levels on fattening performance in 2-3 parity culling Holstein cows. Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2019,51(1):29-34. (in Chinese)
[31]	张辉, 宋云鹏, 李鹏, 闫峰, 马玉杰, 任宝文. 吉林西门塔尔肉牛肌内脂肪与日粮能量水平的研究. 饲料研究, 2010(12):7-8.
	ZHANG H, SONG Y P, LI P, YAN F, MA Y J, REN B W. Study on intramuscular fat and dietary energy level of Simmental beef cattle in Jilin province. Feed Research, 2010(12):7-8. (in Chinese)
[32]	LORENZEN C L, GOLDEN J W, MARTZ F A, GRÜN I, ELLERSIECK M R, GERRISH J R, MOORE K C. Conjugated linoleic acid content of beef differs by feeding regime and muscle. Meat Science, 2007,75(1):159-167. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2006.06.025 pmid: 22063424
[33]	杨竹青, 包淋斌, 赵向辉, 王灿宇, 周珊, 傅传鞭, 文露华, 祝远魁, 邓新堂, 吴东, 瞿明仁. 烟酸对未去势湘中公牛生长性能、肉品质和血清生化指标的影响. 动物营养学报, 2015,27(1):85-92. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.01.012
	YANG Z Q, BAO L B, ZHAO X H, WANG C Y, ZHOU S, FU C B, WEN L H, ZHU Y K, DENG X T, WU D, QU M R. Effects of nicotinic acid on growth performance, meat quality and serum biochemical parameters of uncastrated Xiangzhong Bulls. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2015,27(1):85-92. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.01.012
[34]	SILVA J A, PATARATA L, MARTINS C. Influence of ultimate pH on bovine meat tenderness during ageing. Meat Science, 1999,52(4):453-459. doi: 10.1016/s0309-1740(99)00029-7 pmid: 22062710

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

Comments

Recommended 0

No Suggested Reading articles found!

项目 Items	前期Early period（1-87 days）			后期Later period（88-245 days）
项目 Items	LE组 LE group	ME组 ME group	HE组 HE Group	Ⅰ (88-130 days)	Ⅱ (131-188 days)	Ⅲ (189-245 days)
原料 Ingredients
玉米 Corn	29.73	35.35	40.50	49.40	59.20	63.00
麸皮 Wheat bran	1.30	1.10	1.02	2.75	7.63	2.10
豆粕 Soybean meal	2.15	2.38	2.53	8.40	7.50	8.70
棉粕 Cottonseed meal	5.11	5.24	4.98	2.75	1.00	0.00
全棉籽 Cotton seed						3.48
甜菜颗粒 Beet pulp						2.40
干酒糟及其可溶物 Distillers dried grains with soluble（DDGS）	4.80	4.10	4.15	1.36	1.80	1.00
石粉 Limestone	0.39	0.46	0.52	0.77	0.85	0.70
维生素预混料^① Vitamin premix	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20
微量元素预混料^② Trace element premix	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20
氯化铵 NH₄Cl	0.27	0.27	0.27	0.27	0.27	0.27
小苏打 NaHCO₃	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.20
食盐 Salt	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.35	0.35
酵母培养物 Yeast culture						0.80
氧化镁 MgO						0.60
稻草 Rice straw	10.00	9.46	7.95	32.50	20.00	15.00
全株玉米青贮 Whole corn silage	35.55	32.38	30.00
花生秧 Peanut vine	8.90	7.46	6.28
合计 Total	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
营养水平^③ Nutrient level
综合净能 NE_mf MJ·kg^-1	6.10	6.30	6.50	6.70	7.20	7.29
粗蛋白质 CP	11.60	11.59	11.60	11.50	11.56	11.50
钙 Ca	0.65	0.65	0.65	0.65	0.65	0.60
磷 P	0.33	0.33	0.33	0.29	0.33	0.29
中性洗涤纤维 NDF	30.88	28.91	26.78	31.64	24.81	21.45
酸性洗涤纤维 ADF	17.64	16.27	15.61	17.90	12.50	11.36

项目 Items		组别Groups			SEM	P
项目 Items		LE	ME	HE	SEM	P
初始体重 Initial weight (kg)		653.33	653.69	654.17	13.573	0.998
试验前期末重Final weight of early stage of trial (kg)		746.50	750.40	767.07	16.438	0.422
试验后期末重 Final weight of later stage of trial (kg)		906.17	905.62	922.50	23.252	0.714
试验前期 Early stage of trial	日增重 ADG (kg)	1.07b	1.11b	1.30a	0.070	0.006
	平均干物质采食量 ADMI (kg)	12.64	12.80	14.25	0.831	0.182
	料重比 F/G	11.86	11.51	10.94	0.574	0.284
试验后期 Later stage of trial	日增重 ADG (kg)	1.01	0.98	0.98	0.060	0.879
	平均干物质采食量 ADMI (kg)	14.26	13.79	14.28	0.341	0.264
	料重比 F/G	14.17	14.14	14.63	0.772	0.784
全期 Whole stag	日增重 ADG (kg)	1.03	1.01	1.10	0.056	0.266
	平均干物质采食量 ADMI (kg)	14.13	13.75	14.34	0.296	0.140
	料重比 F/G	13.77	13.72	13.18	0.633	0.594

阶段 Stages	项目 Items	组别Groups			SEM	P
阶段 Stages	项目 Items	LE	ME	HE	SEM	P
试验前期 Early stage of trial	β-羟丁酸 β-HB (μmol·L^-1)	2.84	2.79	2.73	0.104	0.585
	脂蛋白酯酶 LPL (ng·mL^-1)	4.18b	5.14ab	5.65a	0.591	0.056
	甘油三酯 TG (mmol·L^-1)	0.42b	0.47ab	0.49a	0.031	0.067
	游离脂肪酸 NEFA (mmol·L^-1)	0.38b	0.40ab	0.43a	0.018	0.050
试验后期 Later stage of trial	β-羟丁酸 β-HB (μmol·L^-1)	2.40	2.39	2.17	0.134	0.162
	脂蛋白酯酶 LPL (ng·mL^-1)	7.57a	6.39b	6.00b	0.386	0.001
	甘油三酯 TG (mmol·L^-1)	0.36	0.31	0.39	0.407	0.143
	游离脂肪酸 NEFA (mmol·L^-1)	0.24	0.22	0.23	0.012	0.151

项目 Items	组别Groups			SEM	P
项目 Items	LE	ME	HE	SEM	P
宰前活重Live weight before slaughter (kg)	895.50	897.17	907.17	20.375	0.827
胴体重Carcass weight (kg)	511.64b	516.53ab	543.68a	13.804	0.073
屠宰率Slaughter rate (%)	57.14b	57.57b	59.93a	0.767	0.005
眼肌面积Eye muscle area (cm²)	81.25	78.42	88.25	5.771	0.247
背膘厚度Back fat thickness (mm)	2.25	2.08	2.30	0.388	0.847
大理石花纹等级(5分制) Beef marbling score	3.28	3.11	3.33	0.203	0.531

级别 Grade	总计 Total (%)	组别Groups
级别 Grade	总计 Total (%)	LE	ME	HE
<2级 (%)	3.70		3.70
3 (%)	51.85	14.81	18.52	18.52
3⁺ (%)	33.33	18.52	7.41	7.41
4^- (%)	11.11		3.70	7.41

Effects of Dietary Energy Levels on Production Performance, Blood Index, Slaughter Performance and Meat Quality of Holstein Steers

RichHTML

PDF

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 6

References 34

Related Articles 15

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

项目 Items		组别Groups			SEM	P
项目 Items		LE	ME	HE	SEM	P
pH_24h		5.56	5.56	5.58	0.038	0.701
蒸煮损失Drop loss (%)		26.30	28.69	26.82	1.381	0.204
剪切力Shear force (kg)		3.54	3.46	3.39	0.158	0.643
失水率Dehydration rate (%)		30.90	32.35	33.34	1.609	0.325
色差Colorimetric values	L^*	36.66	37.03	37.66	1.358	0.761
	A	23.65	24.71	24.96	1.175	0.503
	B	11.98	12.28	12.75	0.784	0.619
水分 Water (%)		69.71	71.38	68.10	1.805	0.226
粗蛋白质 CP (%)		19.95	19.29	20.02	1.117	0.770
粗脂肪 EE (%)		7.69b	7.47b	11.73a	1.428	0.015

[1]	PENG Xue,GAO YueXia,ZHANG LinXuan,GAO ZhiQiang,REN YaMei. Effects of High-Energy Electron Beam Irradiation on Potato Storage Quality and Bud Eye Cell Ultrastructure [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(7): 1423-1432.
[2]	CHE DaLu,ZHAO LiChen,CHENG SuCai,LIU AiYu,LI XiaoYu,ZHAO ShouPei,WANG JianCheng,WANG Yuan,GAO YuHong,SUN XinSheng. Effect of Litter Bed on Growth Performance and Odor Emission in Fattening Lamb [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(24): 4943-4956.
[3]	SONG ShuZhen, GAO LiangShuang, LI Hong, GONG XuYin, LIU LiShan, WEI YuBing. Effects of Feeding Levels on Muscle Tissue Structure and Muscle Fiber Composition Related Genes in Sheep [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(21): 4304-4314.
[4]	LIU WangJing,TANG DeFu,AO ChangJin. Effect of Allium mongolicum Regel and Its Extracts on the Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Meat Quality and Serum Biochemical Indices of Captive Small-Tailed Han Sheep [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(17): 3461-3472.
[5]	CHEN ZhiMin,CHANG WenHuan,ZHENG AiJuan,CAI HuiYi,LIU GuoHua. Effect of Expanded Feather Powder on Growth Performance, Slaughter Performance and Serum Biochemical Index of Broiler [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(13): 2643-2653.
[6]	WANG JinFei,YANG GuoYi,FAN ZiHan,LIU Qi,ZHANG PengCheng,REN YouShe,YANG ChunHe,ZHANG ChunXiang. Effects of Whole Plant Corn Silage Ratio in Diet on Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation, Nutrient Digestibility and Serological Parameters of Dorper×Hu Crossbred Female Lambs [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(4): 831-844.
[7]	ZHANG Lan,WANG LiangZhi,HUANG YanLing,LIAO XiuDong,ZHANG LiYang,LÜ Lin,LUO XuGang. Effects of Dietary Supplemental Pattern of Trace Eloments on the Growth Performance, Carcass Traits and Meat Quality of Broilers [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(22): 4906-4916.
[8]	LIU Jiao,CHEN ZhiMin,ZHENG AiJuan,LIU GuoHua,CAI HuiYi,CHANG WenHuan. Effects of Glucose Oxidase on Growth Performance, Immune Functions and Intestinal Health of Ducks Challenged by Escherichia coli [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(22): 4917-4930.
[9]	WANG Chen,ZHANG HongWei,WANG HuCheng,SUN XiaoPing,LI FaDi,YANG BoHui. Energy and Protein Requirements of Alpine Merino Growing Sheep [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(16): 3537-3548.
[10]	LI WenJuan,TAO Hui,ZHANG NaiFeng,MA Tao,DIAO QiYu. Effects of High-Fat Diet on Energy Metabolism and Slaughter Performance of Early-Weaning Lambs [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(10): 2206-2216.
[11]	HUANG WenQin,LÜ XiaoKang,ZHUANG YiMin,CUI Kai,WANG ShiQing,DIAO QiYu,ZHANG NaiFeng. The Effects of Early Weaning and NDF Levels of Finishing Diets on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestion and Metabolism of Hu Lambs [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(10): 2217-2228.
[12]	YANG YunYan,WANG QiYan,PENG DiWei,PAN YiFan,GAO XiaoMei,XUAN ZeYi,CHEN ShaoMei,ZOU CaiXia,CAO YanHong,LIN Bo. Effects of Cinnamaldehyde on Growth Performance,Health Status, Rumen Fermentation and Microflora of Dairy Calves [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(10): 2229-2238.
[13]	LI XueRu,SHI XiXiong,WANG JianZhong,ZHANG PanGao,TIAN Zhu,HAN Ling. Effect of Nitric Oxide Synthetase Inhibitor on Yak Meat Quality During Post-Mortem Aging [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(8): 1617-1626.
[14]	CHEN LiJing,CHEN Zhuo,LI Na,SUN YaWei,LI HongBo,SONG WenWen,ZHANG Yang,YAO Gang. Comparison of the Carcass and Beef Quality Traits with the Expression of the Lipid Metabolism Related Genes Between Xinjiang Brown Cattle and Angus Beef Cattle [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(22): 4700-4709.
[15]	KONG FanLin,LI Yuan,TANG MengQi,MA ManPeng,FU Tong,DIAO QiYu,CHENG SiYuan,TU Yan. Effects of Amino Acid Deficiency on Growth Development, Dietary Nutrients Digestion and Metabolism in Heifers [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(2): 418-430.