饲粮微量元素添加模式对肉仔鸡生长和胴体性能及肌肉品质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.22.016

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplemental pattern of trace elements on growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of broiler chicks, so as to provide the experimental basis for the reasonable addition of trace elements to broiler diets.【Method】 A single-factor completely randomized design was adopted in this experiment. A total of 240 one-day-old Arbor Acres (AA) broiler chicks were randomly allotted by body weight to 1 of 5 treatments with 6 replicate cages of 8 birds per cage. The trace elements were added to the corn-soybean basal diet as follows: the inorganic trace elements according to NRC (1994) recommendation for broiler chicks (T1: the added levels of copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zine (Zn) and selenium (Se) were 8, 80, 60, 40 and 0.15 mg·kg^-1 during 1-42 days, respectively), the inorganic trace elements according to the recommendation for broiler chicks in Chinese Feeding Standard of Chicken (NY/T 33-2004) (T2: the added levels of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and Se were 8, 100, 120, 100 and 0.3 mg·kg^-1 for 1-21 days old, respectively; and 8, 80, 120, 80 and 0.3 mg·kg^-1 for 22-42 days old, respectively), the inorganic trace elements according to the previous results of trace elements requirements from our lab (T3: the added levels of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and Se were 4, 40, 110, 60 and 0.35 mg·kg^-1 during 1-21 days, respectively; and 0, 30, 80, 40 and 0.35 mg·kg^-1 during 22-42 days, respectively), the decrement levels of organic trace elements according to the previous results of from our lab (T4: the added levels of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and Se were 2, 30, 80, 40 and 0.25 mg·kg^-1 during 1-21 days, respectively; and 0, 30, 80, 40 and 0.25 mg·kg^-1 during 22-42 days, respectively), and the organic trace elements according to the recommendation for broiler chicks in NY/T 33-2004 (T5: the added levels of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and Se during 1-21 and 22-42 days were the same as those in T2), respectively. The inorganic trace element sources (feed grade) were Cu sulfate pentahydrate, Fe sulfate monohydrate, Mn sulfate monohydrate, Zn sulphate monohydrate and sodium selenite, and the organic trace element sources (feed grade) were Cu mothionine, Fe glycine, Mn methionine, Zn glycinate and Se yeast, respectively. The experiment lasted for 42 days.【Result】The results showed that those different supplemental patterns of trace elements had no significant effects (P>0.05) on the average daily feed intake and average daily gain. Broilers from T2 had higher (P<0.05) feed to gain ratio during 22-42 days than those from T1, T4 and T5, and no difference was detected between T2 and T3 (P>0.05). Broilers from T2 had higher (P<0.05) feed to gain ratio during 1-42 days than those from other groups, and there were no differences (P>0.05) among other groups. The different supplemental patterns of trace elements had no significant effects on (P>0.05) the carcass traits, L* and a* values, pH values and drip losses of breast and thigh muscles. The breast muscle b* value of broilers from T5 was higher (P<0.05) than that of broilers from T1 and T3, and no difference was observed (P>0.05) between T5 and T4. The shear force of thigh muscle from T4 was lower (P<0.05) than that from T1 or T5, and the muscle tenderness was relatively well. 【Conclusion】Under this experimental conditions, the group with decrement supplement of organic trace elements based on our previous results (T4: the added levels of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and Se were 2, 30, 80, 40 and 0.25 mg·kg^-1 during 1-21 days, and 0, 30, 80, 40 and 0.25 mg·kg^-1 during 22-42 days, respectively) was better than other groups in improving the growth performance and meat quality of broiler chicks.

Key words: dietary supplemental pattern of trace elements, growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, broiler

ZHANG Lan,WANG LiangZhi,HUANG YanLing,LIAO XiuDong,ZHANG LiYang,LÜ Lin,LUO XuGang. Effects of Dietary Supplemental Pattern of Trace Eloments on the Growth Performance, Carcass Traits and Meat Quality of Broilers[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(22): 4906-4916.

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References 54

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原料Ingredients	1-21 d (%)	22-42 d (%)	营养水平Nutrient levels	1-21 d	22-42 d
玉米 Corn	52.64	53.39	代谢能 ME(Kcal·kg^-1)³⁾	3008	3062
豆粕 Soybean meal	38.79	36.40	粗蛋白 CP⁴⁾	21.60	19.69
大豆油 Soybeal oil	4.80	6.60	能蛋比 E/P(Kcal·g^-1)³⁾	139.30	155.50
磷酸氢钙 CaHPO₄¹⁾	1.52	1.36	赖氨酸 Lys³⁾	1.15	1.04
石粉 Limestone¹⁾	1.40	1.35	蛋氨酸 Met³⁾	0.59	0.45
食盐 NaCl¹⁾	0.30	0.30	蛋氨酸+胱氨酸 Met+Cys³⁾	0.82	0.75
D-蛋氨酸 DL-Met¹⁾	0.30	0.14	钙 Ca⁴⁾	0.98	0.90
预混料 Premix²⁾	0.25	0.16	非植酸磷 NP³⁾	0.39	0.31
玉米淀粉 Corn starch	0.30	0.30
合计 Total	100	100

处理组 Treatment	微量元素来源 Trace element sources	添加水平 Added levels (mg·kg^-1)		实测水平¹⁾Analyzed levels (mg·kg^-1)
处理组 Treatment	微量元素来源 Trace element sources	1-21 d	22-42 d	1-21 d	22-42 d
T1	五水硫酸铜 (Cu sulfate pentahydrate)	8	8	11.99	10.97
	一水硫酸亚铁 (Fe sulfate monohydrate)	80	80	229.41	192.76
	一水硫酸锰 (Mn sulfate monohydrate)	60	60	80.54	80.36
	一水硫酸锌 (Zn sulphate monohydrate)	40	40	77.85	73.26
	亚硒酸钠 (Sodium selenite)	0.15	0.15	0.24	0.22
T2	五水硫酸铜 (Cu sulfate pentahydrate)	8	8	13.93	11.19
	一水硫酸亚铁 (Fe sulfate monohydrate)	80	80	233.71	193.74
	一水硫酸锰 (Mn sulfate monohydrate)	120	120	139.42	139.56
	一水硫酸锌 (Zn sulphate monohydrate)	100	80	139.33	117.54
	亚硒酸钠 (Sodium selenite)	0.30	0.30	0.35	0.38
T3	五水硫酸铜 (Cu sulfate pentahydrate)	4	0	8.41	3.16
	一水硫酸亚铁 (Fe sulfate monohydrate)	40	30	181.51	143.79
	一水硫酸锰 (Mn sulfate monohydrate)	110	80	137.05	99.37
	一水硫酸锌 (Zn sulphate monohydrate)	60	40	100.34	71.58
	亚硒酸钠 (Sodium selenite)	0.35	0.35	0.41	0.42
T4	蛋氨酸铜 (Cu mothionine)	2	0	6.21	3.16
	甘氨酸铁 (Fe glycine)	30	15	165.29	130.26
	蛋氨酸锰 (Mn methionine)	80	50	109.82	76.97
	甘氨酸锌 (Zn glycinate)	40	30	81.45	64.73
	酵母硒 (Se yeast)	0.25	0.25	0.31	0.33
T5	蛋氨酸铜 (Cu mothionine)	8	8	12.67	11.41
	甘氨酸铁 (Fe glycine)	100	80	250.81	192.88
	蛋氨酸锰 (Mn methionine)	120	120	146.68	149.22
	甘氨酸锌 (Zn glycinate)	100	80	142.29	114.94
	酵母硒 (Se yeast)	0.30	0.30	0.38	0.37

处理 Treatment	1-21 d			22-42 d			1-42 d
处理 Treatment	ADG (g·d^-1)	ADFI (g·d^-1)	F/G	ADG (g·d^-1)	ADFI (g·d^-1)	F/G	ADG (g·d^-1)	ADFI (g·d^-1)	F/G
T1	44.74	34.84	1.28	142.67	81.39	1.75b	93.71	58.11	1.61b
T2	42.77	33.33	1.28	149.92	79.27	1.90a	96.34	56.30	1.71a
T3	42.44	35.65	1.19	142.54	79.85	1.79ab	92.49	57.75	1.60b
T4	40.85	33.82	1.21	139.84	80.62	1.74b	90.34	57.22	1.58b
T5	42.15	34.36	1.23	146.36	82.22	1.78b	94.25	58.29	1.62b
集合标准误 Pooled SE	1.70	0.70	0.04	3.02	2.20	0.04	1.90	1.20	0.03
P值 P value	0.5855	0.2120	0.4404	0.1855	0.8882	0.0481	0.2683	0.7924	0.0098

处理 Treatment	屠宰率 Carcass rate	全净膛率 Full evisceration rate	腹脂率 Abdominal fat rate	胸肌率 Breast rate	腿肌率 Thigh rate
T1	92.66	74.85	1.23	27.98	22.93
T2	92.75	74.64	1.36	27.64	22.88
T3	93.23	74.24	1.57	27.20	23.17
T4	93.11	74.98	1.30	26.36	22.72
T5	93.69	73.96	1.34	25.85	23.87
集合标准误 Pooled SE	0.33	0.44	0.10	0.58	0.60
P值 P value	0.2055	0.4572	0.3897	0.0789	0.7450

处理 Treatment	pH_45min	pH_24h	亮度 L*	红度 a*	黄度 b*	剪切力 Shear force (N)	滴水损失 Drip loss (%)
T1	6.55	6.09	35.92	7.63	5.02bc	43.97	19.20
T2	6.55	6.12	34.36	8.88	6.58ab	39.19	16.54
T3	6.62	6.11	34.62	7.42	4.49bc	40.51	12.85
T4	6.48	6.16	34.36	8.50	5.94abc	44.14	12.33
T5	6.50	6.14	33.19	9.38	6.75a	39.88	15.12
集合标准误 Pooled SE	0.04	0.06	2.42	0.61	0.53	3.66	1.92
P值 P value	0.2468	0.9484	0.9557	0.1556	0.0215	0.7983	0.1062

Effects of Dietary Supplemental Pattern of Trace Eloments on the Growth Performance, Carcass Traits and Meat Quality of Broilers

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处理 Treatment	pH_45min	pH_24h	亮度 L*	红度 a*	黄度 b*	剪切力 Shear force (N)	滴水损失 Drip loss (%)
T1	6.53	5.66	33.43	8.97	6.42	37.36ab	12.22
T2	6.27	5.65	36.07	8.24	5.86	29.86bc	12.10
T3	6.56	5.67	35.16	8.38	5.40	35.02abc	12.82
T4	6.51	5.70	35.53	8.44	6.09	26.18c	9.35
T5	6.50	5.72	36.35	9.41	7.23	40.67a	11.02
集合标准误 Pooled SE	0.092	0.035	2.542	0.540	0.538	3.354	1.909
P值P value	0.1995	0.7189	0.9337	0.5252	0.1996	0.0377	0.7272

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