相对饲养水平对绵羊肌肉组织结构及肌纤维组成相关基因的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.21.016

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Improving meat quality is one of the main goals of the modern mutton sheep production. The objective of this study was to compare the muscle tissue structure and the genes expression related muscle development of longissimus dorsi muscle in Altay sheep, so as to provide the reference for regulating meat quality and improving production efficiency of meat-fat type sheep by feeding level. 【Method】 Thirty Altay female lambs with a similar month ((3.0±0.5) months), similar body weight ((19. 16±0.54) kg), uniform tail size were randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 lambs per group. After 60 days of ad libitum feeding, three test sheep groups were fed with 50% (0.25 MJ/W^0.75 ×d^-1, NL group), 100% (0.5 MJ/W^0.75 ×d^-1, NM group), and 150% (0.75 MJ/W^0.75 ×d^-1, NH group) maintenance metabolizable for 30 days, respectively, and then slaughtered. The longissimus dorsi muscle was stained with Hematoxylin Eosin (HE staining) and 2% uranyl acetate-lead citrate double staining, respectively, and then the expression of myosin heavy chain I (MyHC I) and peroxisome receptor activator-activated gamma (PPARγ) was determined by immunohistochemistry. 【Result】(1) When Altay sheep were fed 50%, 100% and 150% metabolizable energy, respectively, the difference of average daily gain was significant (P<0.05), and the difference of three groups were -90.67 kg, 13.33 kg and 203.00 kg, respectively. The diameter of longissimus dorsi muscle fibers from NL group and NH group was significantly larger than that from NL group (P<0.05), while the thickness of muscular intima from NH group was significantly smaller than that in NL group (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences in the amount of muscle fiber, the area of muscle fiber, the thickness of muscle fascicle, the area of muscle fiber and the density of muscle fiber (P>0.05). (2) The feeding levels affected the area of terminal cisterna, lipid droplets and the area ratio of terminal cisterna, myofibril and sarcoplasm. The area and area ratio of terminal cisterna from NH were significantly larger than those from NM group and NL group (P<0.05), while the area of lipid droplets from NH group was significantly larger than that from NL group (P<0.05). The area ratio of sarcoplasm from NM group was significantly larger than that from NH and NL Group (P<0.05), and mitochondria and glycogen had no significant difference among the three groups (P<0.05). (3) The feeding levels affected the expression of gene related muscle fiber, PPARγ expression intensity, positive area and positive rate from NL, and NM groups were significantly lower than those from NH group (P<0.05). The expression intensity of MyHC Ⅰ protein increased with the increase of feeding level, but there was no significant difference among three groups (P>0.05).【Conclusion】The feeding level had a significant effect on the muscle tissue structure and the expression of gene protein related to muscle fiber type of the Longissimus dorsi muscle in Altay sheep, and it could be used to control the muscle tissue structure and muscle fiber type composition during fattening period, in order to regulate the quality of meat according to production needs.

Key words: feeding level, meat quality, muscle tissue structure, muscle fiber, PPARγ, MyHC I, Altay sheep

SONG ShuZhen, GAO LiangShuang, LI Hong, GONG XuYin, LIU LiShan, WEI YuBing. Effects of Feeding Levels on Muscle Tissue Structure and Muscle Fiber Composition Related Genes in Sheep[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(21): 4304-4314.

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References 41

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成分Ingredient	含量Content	营养水平Nutrient level ²⁾	含量Content
苜蓿干草Alfalfa hay	25.40	消化能DE（MJ·kg^-1）	10.66
玉米秆Corn straw	19.40	代谢能ME（MJ·kg^-1）	8.67
小麦秆Wheat straw	5.00	粗蛋白质CP	12.51
玉米Corn	30.00	粗脂肪EE	2.13
大豆粕Soybean meal	10.00	钙Ca	0.65
麸皮Wheat bran	5.00	总磷TP	0.45
菜籽粕Rapeseed meal	4.00	中性洗涤纤维NDF	55.30
磷酸氢钙Calcium hydrogen phosphate	0.20	酸性洗涤纤维ADF	32.22
碳酸钙Calcium carbonate	0.35
氯化钠NaCI	0.50
预混料Premixture¹⁾	0.15
合计Total	100.00

组别 Treatment	初重 Initial weight (kg)	末重 Final weight (kg)	平均日增重 Average daily gain (g)	代谢体重平均日采食量 Average daily intake of metabolic weight (g/W^0.75)
NL组 NL group	30.17±1.17	27.45±2.36c	-90.67±0.04c	0.04±0.00c
NM组 NM group	30.75±1.72	31.15±1.49b	13.33±0.07b	0.08±0.00b
NH组 NH group	30.83±1.16	36.93±2.73a	203.00±0.05a	0.12±0.00a

组别 Treatment	肌束纤维数量 Muscular bundle number (number/bundle)	肌束纤维面积 Muscular bundle area (μm²)	肌纤维面积 Muscle fiber area (μm²)	肌纤维密度 Muscle fiber density (number/mm²)	肌纤维最长直径 Muscle fiber maximum density (μm)	肌纤维最短直径 Muscle fiber minimum density (μm)	肌纤维平均直径 Muscle fiber diameter (μm)	肌内膜厚度 Endomysium thickness (μm)	肌束膜厚度 Perimysium thickness (μm)
NL组 NL group	114.17±10.16	105509.52±2132.25	942.28±105.95	1134.44±132.01	36.27±1.90b	20.07±1.56b	28.17±.46b	4.98±0.45a	13.00±1.49
NM组 NM group	113.83±7.25	89244.27±7337.58	795.90±83.48	1319.73±123.19	42.65±3.28ab	27.48±3.97ab	35.07±.45a	3.94±0.52ab	12.39±2.54
NH组 NH group	105.83±6.80	98028.30±9200.17	959.81±135.47	1143.12±146.89	44.48±2.76a	33.80±3.60a	39.14±.49a	3.69±0.19b	13.63±1.71

组别 Treatment	肌质网终池 Terminal cisternae		肌原纤维 Myofibril		肌质 Sarcoplasm		线粒体 Chondriosome		肌糖原 Glucogen		脂滴 Lipid
组别 Treatment	面积 Area (μm²)	面积比 Area ratio	面积 Area (μm²)	面积比 Area ratio	面积 Area (μm²)	面积比 Area ratio	面积 Area (μm²)	面积比 Area ratio	面积 Area (μm²)	面积比 Area ratio	面积 Area (μm²)	面积比 Area ratio
NL组 NL group	0.069±0.006b	0.033±0.003b	1.020±0.004	0.480±0.015a	1.045±0.096	0.487±0.016b	0.414±0.056	0.647±0.038	0.173±0.027	0.293±0.040	0.037±0.008b	0.061±0.012
NM组 NM group	0.084±0.006b	0.042±0.004b	0.870±0.080	0.040±0.019b	1.239±0.119	0.557±0.020a	0.488±0.062	0.606±0.045	0.309±0.073	0.308±0.047	0.051±0.005ab	0.067±0.009
NH组 NH group	0.136±0.018a	0.066±0.008a	0.993±0.090	0.468±0.021a	1.008±0.106	0.467±0.022b	0.591±0.086	0.711±0.042	0.227±0.066	0.225±0.046	0.056±0.003a	0.078±0.012

组别 Treatment	MyHCⅠ				PPARγ
组别 Treatment	积分光密度值 Integral optical density (IOD)	阳性面积 Positive area (μm²)	蛋白表达强度 Protein expression intensity (%)	阳性率 Positive rate (%)	积分光密度值 Integral optical density (IOD)	阳性面积 Positive area (μm²)	蛋白表达强度 Protein expression intensity (%)	阳性率 Positive rate (%)
NL组 NL group	58987.44±9756.69	12141.92±987.74	0.0047±0.0008	0.17±0.01	66415.77±19885.47	24112.09±7846.90b	0.005±0.0016 b	0.33±0.11b
NM组 NM group	75598.94±15209.87	14334.56±1587.26	0.0060±0.0012	0.20±0.02	93424.27±32592.84	25226.34±4038.18b	0.007±0.0026 b	0.34±0.05b
NH组 NH group	86479.87±9013.80	15042.09±2166.93	0.0069±0.0007	0.20±0.00	125531.67±28874.92	49822.16±9579.31a	0.010±0.0023 a	0.68±0.13a

Effects of Feeding Levels on Muscle Tissue Structure and Muscle Fiber Composition Related Genes in Sheep

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