日光温室冬春茬黄瓜滴灌的肥水优化管理

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.20.015

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study focused on determining the appropriate soil water parameters and the potential of soil nitrogen supply at different growth stages of drip irrigated cucumber to optimize the water and fertilizer management and to guarantee the sustainable green and high yield production.【Method】 A plot experiment was conducted inside a greenhouse using cucumber as tested material during the winter-spring growing season. Drip irrigation with 3 water amounts (W1, W2 and W3) and 3 fertilizer amounts (F1, F2 and F3) were designed to form 9 combination treatments. The impacts of the irrigation and fertilization amounts on the fruit yield, qualities, nutrient uptakes, water and fertilizer use efficiencies, soil water contents and nutrient availabilities were analyzed in the study. The response relationships between the marketable yields , the root zone soil water and available nitrogen contents at different growth stages were built.【Result】 (1) Compared with W1, the total marketable yields were increased by 11.1%-12.8% under W2 and W3. The marketable yields were deceased by 10.4%-17.7% under W3 during the 1st-2nd fertigation managements, but which increased by 10.8%-26.2%, 21.2%-40.3% and 33.5%-46.4% under W2 and W3 during the 6th-8th, 10th-12th and 14th-16th fertigation managements, respectively. The rootzone (0-40 cm soil layer) soil water contents were increased by 4.2-6.4 percentage point by maintaining at the soil relative water content of 79%-87% uder W2 and W3 and the N, P₂O₅ and K₂O uptakes by 17.9%-20.2%, 28.3%-36.3% and 25.9%-33.7%, respectively. However, the rootzone nitrate nitrogen contents were decreased by 9.1%-68.0% under W2 and W3, the water use efficiency by 31.1%-49.3%, and the fruit soluble solids, nitrate, soluble sugar and Vc contents by 7.4%-10.1%, 0.9%-5.4%, 5.9%-6.2% and 5.5%-12.8%, respectively. (2) Compared with F1, the total marketable yields were increased by 4.0%-7.9% under F2 and F3. The rootzone (0-40 cm soil layer) nitrate nitrogen contents were increased by 38.0%-162.0% under F2 and F3, and the N, P₂O₅ and K₂O uptakes by 9.7%-13.1%, 7.9%-11.8% and 12.6%-17.3%, respectively. However, the fruit nitrate contents increased by 5.5%-14.6% under F2 and F3 and the partial factor productivities were deceased by 32.1%-47.8%. (3) From the view of whole growth period, W2F2 was recommended to drip irrigated cucumber because of the relatively higher yield, water and fertilizer use efficiencies and qualities, and lower residual soil nitrogen.【Conclusion】 For greenhouse cucumber with a target yield of 170-180 t·hm ^-2, the appropriate soil relative water contents were recommended as 63%, 78%, 82% and 85% during the March 21th- April 20th (the initial harvesting stage), April 21th-May 20th (the early vigorous harvesting stage), May 21th-June 20th (the vigorous harvesting stage) and June 21th-July 10th (the late harvesting stage), respectively. The corresponding low limits of soil relative water contents were recommended as 61%, 73%, 78% and 81%, respectively. The suitable rootzone nitrate nitrogen should be maintained at 25-40 mg·kg ^-1 during the yield formation.

Key words: greenhouse, drip irrigation, winter-spring cucumber, soil water content limits, soil available nitrogen level, optimization of water and fertilization managements

RuoNan LI,ShaoWen HUANG,JianShuo SHI,LiYing WANG,JiWei TANG,HuaiZhi ZHANG,Shuo YUAN,FengZhi ZHAI,YanLi REN,Li GUO. Optimization Management of Water and Fertilization for Winter-Spring Cucumber Under Greenhouse Drip Irrigation Condition[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(20): 3648-3660.

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References 30

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	单次滴灌水量 Irrigation rates (m³·hm^-2)			单次滴灌肥量 Fertilizer rate (kg·hm^-2)
	W1	W2	W3	F1	F2	F3
定植至开花期间Seedling stage to flowering stage	90.0	135.0	180.0	37.5	75.0	112.5
花后至拉秧期间Flowering stage to vine removed stage	120.0	195.0	270.0	75.0	112.5	150.0

处理 Treatment		商品瓜 Marketable cucumber				肥料利用效率Fertilization use efficiency (kg·kg^-1)
处理 Treatment		总产量 Total fruit yield (t·hm^-2)	瓜条数 Total fruit number (×10⁴·hm^-2)	单瓜重 Signal fruit weight (g)	灌水利用效率及肥料利用效率 Irrigation use efficiency (kg·m^-3)	肥料利用效率Fertilization use efficiency (kg·kg^-1)
灌水量 Irrigation rate	W1	160.8 b	86.9 b	185.8 a	86.4
	W2	178.7 a	93.0 a	192.1 a	59.6
	W3	181.4 a	93.8 a	193.5 a	43.8
施肥量 Fertilization rate	F1	167.0 B	86.7 B	192.9 A		296.9
	F2	173.8 AB	92.2 A	188.4 A		201.5
	F3	180.1 A	94.7 A	190.1 A		154.9
P值 P value
	W	<0.01**	0.03*	0.06	—	—
	F	0.01*	0.02*	0.37	—	—
	W×F	0.45	0.62	0.87	—	—

处理 Treatment		硝酸盐 Nitrate content (mg·kg^-1)	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar content (mg·g^-1)	Vc (mg·100 g^-1)	可溶性固形物 Soluble solids content (%)	果实含水量 Fruit water content (%)
灌水量 Irrigation rate	W1	269.7 a	57.1 a	1.2 a	3.9 a	96.6 a
	W2	267.3 a	53.7 a	1.2 a	3.6 b	96.8 a
	W3	255.0 a	53.6 a	1.1 a	3.5 b	96.9 a
施肥量 Fertilization rate	F1	247.4 B	55.9 A	1.1 A	3.7 A	96.7 A
	F2	261.1 AB	54.5 A	1.2 A	3.7 A	96.8 A
	F3	283.5 A	54.0 A	1.2 A	3.7 A	96.8 A
P值 P value
	W	0.51	0.08	0.60	0.02*	0.14
	F	0.05*	0.48	0.45	0.80	0.62
	W×F	0.95	0.87	0.63	0.91	0.24

肥水施用频次 (起始月/日—终止月/日) Fertigation sequence (the beginning date — the ending date)	W1	W2	W3
第1次 The first practice (3/23—3/31)	16.6 a (64)	18.0 a (70)	20.4 a (79)
第2次 The second practice (3/31—4/8)	15.9 a (62)	17.9 a (69)	20.3 a (79)
第3次 The third practice (4/8—4/14)	16.4 b (63)	19.4 ab (75)	21.7 a (84)
第4次 The forth practice (4/14—4/25)	16.6 b (64)	19.8 ab (76)	21.8 a (84)
第5次 The fifth practice (4/25—5/2)	16.6 b (64)	20.4 a (79)	22.0 a (85)
第6次 The sixth practice (5/2—5/9)	15.8 b (61)	20.2 a (78)	22.2 a (86)
第7次 The seventh practice (5/9—5/18)	14.8 b (57)	20.1 a (77)	22.3 a (86)
第8次 The eighth practice (5/18—5/24)	14.5 b (56)	20.5 a (79)	22.9 a (89)
第9次 The ninth practice (5/24—5/29)	15.2 b (59)	21.1 a (81)	23.3 a (90)
第10次 The tenth practice (5/29—6/3)	15.6 b (60)	21.2 a (82)	23.2 a (90)
第11次 The eleventh practice (6/3—6/8)	15.6 b (60)	21.3 a (82)	23.3 a (90)
第12次 The twelfth practice (6/8—6/13)	16.0 b (62)	21.6 a (83)	23.6 a (92)
第13次 The thirteenth practice (6/13—6/18)	16.7 b (65)	21.9 a (84)	23.7 a (92)
第14次 The fourteenth practice (6/18—6/23)	17.2 b (67)	22.0 a (85)	23.7 a (92)
第15次 The fifteenth practice (6/23—6/28)	17.6 b (68)	22.2 a (86)	23.9 a (93)
第16次 The sixteenth practice (6/28—7/4)	17.8 b (69)	22.1 a (85)	23.5 a (91)
开花至拉秧期间 (3/23—7/4) Flowering to vine removing	16.2 b (63)	20.4 a (79)	22.5 a (87)

处理 Treatment		0—20 cm土层 0-20 cm soil layer		20—40 cm土层 20-40 cm soil layer
处理 Treatment		苗期 Seedling stage	产瓜初期 Early fruiting stage	苗期 Seedling stage	产瓜初期 Early fruiting stage	产瓜盛期 Vigorous fruiting stage
灌水量 Irrigation rate	W1	36.6 a	35.9 a	31.0 a	28.2 a	32.6 a
	W2	26.4 b	23.8 b	24.8 b	25.6 ab	27.8 ab
	W3	22.1 b	18.1 b	18.2 c	23.1 b	22.8 b
施肥量 Fertilization rate	F1	24.8 A	16.6 B	21.7 A	17.9 C	16.1 C
	F2	26.4 A	26.5 AB	25.0 A	24.6 B	27.6 B
	F3	33.9 A	34.7 A	27.3 A	34.4 A	39.5 A
P值 P value
	W	<0.01**	<0.01**	<0.01**	0.04*	0.04*
	F	0.06	<0.01**	0.09	<0.01**	<0.01**
	W×F	0.77	0.36	0.75	0.75	0.34

Optimization Management of Water and Fertilization for Winter-Spring Cucumber Under Greenhouse Drip Irrigation Condition

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	处理 Treatment		0—20 cm土层 0- 20 cm soil layer		20—40 cm土层 20-40 cm soil layer
	处理 Treatment		产瓜盛期 Vigorous fruiting stage	产瓜末期 Late fruiting stage	产瓜末期 Late fruiting stage
灌水量 Irrigation rate	W1		38.7 a	79.0 a	52.9 a
	W2		28.5 b	43.3 b	31.3 b
	W3		24.3 b	25.3 c	23.3 c
施肥量 Fertilization rate	F1		17.9 C	27.6 C	22.7 C
	F2		28.1 B	47.9 B	34.2 B
	F3		45.6 A	72.2 A	50.6 A
灌水量×施肥量 Irrigation rate×Fertilization rate	F1	W1	19.7 cd	47.9 c	30.7 c
		W2	17.9 cd	19.8 e	19.7 d
		W3	15.9 d	14.9 e	17.6 d
	F2	W1	34.1 b	74.4 b	50.9 b
		W2	28.9 bc	41.9 cd	29.7 c
		W3	21.2 cd	27.3 de	21.8 cd
	F3	W1	62.4 a	114.7 a	77.0 a
		W2	38.7 b	68.1 b	44.4 b
		W3	35.6 b	33.7 cde	30.6 c
P值 P value
	W		<0.01**	<0.01**	<0.01**
	F		<0.01**	<0.01**	<0.01**
	W×F		0.02*	0.02*	<0.01**

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