Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (20): 3648-3660.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.20.015

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• SPECIAL FOCUS: SOIL WATER AND FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT IN GREENHOUSE VEGETABLE FIELDS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Optimization Management of Water and Fertilization for Winter-Spring Cucumber Under Greenhouse Drip Irrigation Condition

RuoNan LI1,2,ShaoWen HUANG1(),JianShuo SHI2,LiYing WANG2(),JiWei TANG1,HuaiZhi ZHANG1,Shuo YUAN1,FengZhi ZHAI2,YanLi REN2,Li GUO2   

  1. 1 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
    2 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051
  • Received:2019-05-21 Accepted:2019-07-15 Online:2019-10-16 Published:2019-10-28
  • Contact: ShaoWen HUANG,LiYing WANG E-mail:huangshaowen@caas.cn;wangliying5@ 163.com

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Abstract:

【Objective】 This study focused on determining the appropriate soil water parameters and the potential of soil nitrogen supply at different growth stages of drip irrigated cucumber to optimize the water and fertilizer management and to guarantee the sustainable green and high yield production.【Method】 A plot experiment was conducted inside a greenhouse using cucumber as tested material during the winter-spring growing season. Drip irrigation with 3 water amounts (W1, W2 and W3) and 3 fertilizer amounts (F1, F2 and F3) were designed to form 9 combination treatments. The impacts of the irrigation and fertilization amounts on the fruit yield, qualities, nutrient uptakes, water and fertilizer use efficiencies, soil water contents and nutrient availabilities were analyzed in the study. The response relationships between the marketable yields , the root zone soil water and available nitrogen contents at different growth stages were built.【Result】 (1) Compared with W1, the total marketable yields were increased by 11.1%-12.8% under W2 and W3. The marketable yields were deceased by 10.4%-17.7% under W3 during the 1st-2nd fertigation managements, but which increased by 10.8%-26.2%, 21.2%-40.3% and 33.5%-46.4% under W2 and W3 during the 6th-8th, 10th-12th and 14th-16th fertigation managements, respectively. The rootzone (0-40 cm soil layer) soil water contents were increased by 4.2-6.4 percentage point by maintaining at the soil relative water content of 79%-87% uder W2 and W3 and the N, P2O5 and K2O uptakes by 17.9%-20.2%, 28.3%-36.3% and 25.9%-33.7%, respectively. However, the rootzone nitrate nitrogen contents were decreased by 9.1%-68.0% under W2 and W3, the water use efficiency by 31.1%-49.3%, and the fruit soluble solids, nitrate, soluble sugar and Vc contents by 7.4%-10.1%, 0.9%-5.4%, 5.9%-6.2% and 5.5%-12.8%, respectively. (2) Compared with F1, the total marketable yields were increased by 4.0%-7.9% under F2 and F3. The rootzone (0-40 cm soil layer) nitrate nitrogen contents were increased by 38.0%-162.0% under F2 and F3, and the N, P2O5 and K2O uptakes by 9.7%-13.1%, 7.9%-11.8% and 12.6%-17.3%, respectively. However, the fruit nitrate contents increased by 5.5%-14.6% under F2 and F3 and the partial factor productivities were deceased by 32.1%-47.8%. (3) From the view of whole growth period, W2F2 was recommended to drip irrigated cucumber because of the relatively higher yield, water and fertilizer use efficiencies and qualities, and lower residual soil nitrogen.【Conclusion】 For greenhouse cucumber with a target yield of 170-180 t·hm -2, the appropriate soil relative water contents were recommended as 63%, 78%, 82% and 85% during the March 21th- April 20th (the initial harvesting stage), April 21th-May 20th (the early vigorous harvesting stage), May 21th-June 20th (the vigorous harvesting stage) and June 21th-July 10th (the late harvesting stage), respectively. The corresponding low limits of soil relative water contents were recommended as 61%, 73%, 78% and 81%, respectively. The suitable rootzone nitrate nitrogen should be maintained at 25-40 mg·kg -1 during the yield formation.

Key words: greenhouse, drip irrigation, winter-spring cucumber, soil water content limits, soil available nitrogen level, optimization of water and fertilization managements

Table 1

Water and fertilizer amounts for drip irrigated winter-spring cucumber under greenhouse condition"

单次滴灌水量 Irrigation rates (m3·hm-2) 单次滴灌肥量 Fertilizer rate (kg·hm-2)
W1 W2 W3 F1 F2 F3
定植至开花期间Seedling stage to flowering stage 90.0 135.0 180.0 37.5 75.0 112.5
花后至拉秧期间Flowering stage to vine removed stage 120.0 195.0 270.0 75.0 112.5 150.0

Table 2

Commercial yield, fruit number, signal fruit weight and water and fertilizer use efficiencies of drip irrigated cucumber as affected by the different water and fertilizer rates"

处理
Treatment		 商品瓜 Marketable cucumber 肥料利用效率Fertilization use efficiency (kg·kg-1)
总产量
Total fruit yield
(t·hm-2)		 瓜条数
Total fruit number
(×104·hm-2)		 单瓜重
Signal fruit weight
(g)		 灌水利用效率及肥料利用效率
Irrigation use efficiency (kg·m-3)
灌水量
Irrigation rate		 W1 160.8 b 86.9 b 185.8 a 86.4
W2 178.7 a 93.0 a 192.1 a 59.6
W3 181.4 a 93.8 a 193.5 a 43.8
施肥量
Fertilization rate		 F1 167.0 B 86.7 B 192.9 A 296.9
F2 173.8 AB 92.2 A 188.4 A 201.5
F3 180.1 A 94.7 A 190.1 A 154.9
P值 P value
W <0.01** 0.03* 0.06 — —
F 0.01* 0.02* 0.37 — —
W×F 0.45 0.62 0.87 — —

Fig. 1

Marketable yields of drip irrigated cucumber as affected by the different water and fertilizer rates at various harvesting stages Yield changes of W2 and W3 treatments to W1 treatment were displayed by the percentage in parentheses"

Table 3

Fruit qualities of drip irrigated cucumber as affected by the different water and fertilizer rates"

处理
Treatment		 硝酸盐
Nitrate content
(mg·kg-1)		 可溶性糖
Soluble sugar content
(mg·g-1)		 Vc
(mg·100 g-1)		 可溶性固形物
Soluble solids content
(%)		 果实含水量
Fruit water content
(%)
灌水量
Irrigation rate		 W1 269.7 a 57.1 a 1.2 a 3.9 a 96.6 a
W2 267.3 a 53.7 a 1.2 a 3.6 b 96.8 a
W3 255.0 a 53.6 a 1.1 a 3.5 b 96.9 a
施肥量
Fertilization rate		 F1 247.4 B 55.9 A 1.1 A 3.7 A 96.7 A
F2 261.1 AB 54.5 A 1.2 A 3.7 A 96.8 A
F3 283.5 A 54.0 A 1.2 A 3.7 A 96.8 A
P值 P value
W 0.51 0.08 0.60 0.02* 0.14
F 0.05* 0.48 0.45 0.80 0.62
W×F 0.95 0.87 0.63 0.91 0.24

Fig. 2

Nutrient uptake of drip irrigated cucumber as affected by the different water and fertilizer rates at various growing stages English letters represent nutrient uptakes during a growing interval and marking in the column; Greek letters represent nutrient uptakes from the transplanting to a certain growing stage and marking at the top of the column"

Table 4

Average soil volumetric water contents at 0-40 cm soil depth as affected by the different drip irrigation rates at various harvesting stages"

肥水施用频次 (起始月/日—终止月/日)
Fertigation sequence (the beginning date — the ending date)		 W1 W2 W3
第1次 The first practice (3/23—3/31) 16.6 a (64) 18.0 a (70) 20.4 a (79)
第2次 The second practice (3/31—4/8) 15.9 a (62) 17.9 a (69) 20.3 a (79)
第3次 The third practice (4/8—4/14) 16.4 b (63) 19.4 ab (75) 21.7 a (84)
第4次 The forth practice (4/14—4/25) 16.6 b (64) 19.8 ab (76) 21.8 a (84)
第5次 The fifth practice (4/25—5/2) 16.6 b (64) 20.4 a (79) 22.0 a (85)
第6次 The sixth practice (5/2—5/9) 15.8 b (61) 20.2 a (78) 22.2 a (86)
第7次 The seventh practice (5/9—5/18) 14.8 b (57) 20.1 a (77) 22.3 a (86)
第8次 The eighth practice (5/18—5/24) 14.5 b (56) 20.5 a (79) 22.9 a (89)
第9次 The ninth practice (5/24—5/29) 15.2 b (59) 21.1 a (81) 23.3 a (90)
第10次 The tenth practice (5/29—6/3) 15.6 b (60) 21.2 a (82) 23.2 a (90)
第11次 The eleventh practice (6/3—6/8) 15.6 b (60) 21.3 a (82) 23.3 a (90)
第12次 The twelfth practice (6/8—6/13) 16.0 b (62) 21.6 a (83) 23.6 a (92)
第13次 The thirteenth practice (6/13—6/18) 16.7 b (65) 21.9 a (84) 23.7 a (92)
第14次 The fourteenth practice (6/18—6/23) 17.2 b (67) 22.0 a (85) 23.7 a (92)
第15次 The fifteenth practice (6/23—6/28) 17.6 b (68) 22.2 a (86) 23.9 a (93)
第16次 The sixteenth practice (6/28—7/4) 17.8 b (69) 22.1 a (85) 23.5 a (91)
开花至拉秧期间 (3/23—7/4) Flowering to vine removing 16.2 b (63) 20.4 a (79) 22.5 a (87)

Table 5

Soil nitrate nitrogen contents at 0-40 cm soil depths as affected by the different water and fertilizer rates of drip irrigation at various growing stages (mg·kg-1)"

处理
Treatment		 0—20 cm土层 0-20 cm soil layer 20—40 cm土层 20-40 cm soil layer
苗期
Seedling stage		 产瓜初期
Early fruiting stage		 苗期
Seedling stage		 产瓜初期
Early fruiting stage		 产瓜盛期
Vigorous fruiting stage
灌水量
Irrigation rate		 W1 36.6 a 35.9 a 31.0 a 28.2 a 32.6 a
W2 26.4 b 23.8 b 24.8 b 25.6 ab 27.8 ab
W3 22.1 b 18.1 b 18.2 c 23.1 b 22.8 b
施肥量
Fertilization rate		 F1 24.8 A 16.6 B 21.7 A 17.9 C 16.1 C
F2 26.4 A 26.5 AB 25.0 A 24.6 B 27.6 B
F3 33.9 A 34.7 A 27.3 A 34.4 A 39.5 A
P值 P value
W <0.01** <0.01** <0.01** 0.04* 0.04*
F 0.06 <0.01** 0.09 <0.01** <0.01**
W×F 0.77 0.36 0.75 0.75 0.34

Table 6

Soil nitrate nitrogen contents at 0—40 cm soil depths as affected by the interaction of water and fertilizer rates at various growing stages (mg·kg-1)"

处理
Treatment		 0—20 cm土层
0- 20 cm soil layer		 20—40 cm土层
20-40 cm soil layer
产瓜盛期
Vigorous fruiting stage		 产瓜末期
Late fruiting stage		 产瓜末期
Late fruiting stage
灌水量
Irrigation rate		 W1 38.7 a 79.0 a 52.9 a
W2 28.5 b 43.3 b 31.3 b
W3 24.3 b 25.3 c 23.3 c
施肥量
Fertilization rate		 F1 17.9 C 27.6 C 22.7 C
F2 28.1 B 47.9 B 34.2 B
F3 45.6 A 72.2 A 50.6 A
灌水量×施肥量
Irrigation rate×Fertilization rate		 F1 W1 19.7 cd 47.9 c 30.7 c
W2 17.9 cd 19.8 e 19.7 d
W3 15.9 d 14.9 e 17.6 d
F2 W1 34.1 b 74.4 b 50.9 b
W2 28.9 bc 41.9 cd 29.7 c
W3 21.2 cd 27.3 de 21.8 cd
F3 W1 62.4 a 114.7 a 77.0 a
W2 38.7 b 68.1 b 44.4 b
W3 35.6 b 33.7 cde 30.6 c
P值 P value
W <0.01** <0.01** <0.01**
F <0.01** <0.01** <0.01**
W×F 0.02* 0.02* <0.01**
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