不同耕作和秸秆还田下褐土真菌群落变化特征

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.13.008

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study was conducted to explore the change of fungal community structure and function response to different tillage and straw returning methods in wheat-maize rotation system in the North China Plain. It aimed to clarify the biological mechanism of soil fertility improvement, which provided a theoretical support for sustainable development for agricultural production. 【Method】 A six-year field study with split plot design was conducted to investigate the effects of different soil tillage methods (no tillage, CT; deep tillage, DT; rotation tillage, ST) and straw returning methods (wheat and maize straws were returned to the field, DS; only wheat straw was returned to the field, SS) on changes of fungal community structure and function in soils from wheat-maize rotation system in the North China Plain. In combination with soil properties, multiple regression trees and correlation analysis was carried out to investigate driving factors of fungal community structure and function in soil．【Result】 The results showed that, compared with NT, soil organic carbon content under DS and SS were reduced by 35.04% and 44.30% in 0-10 cm layer, respectively. The available nitrogen of NT under SS treatment was significantly lower than that under other treatments in 10-20 cm layer. Ascomycetes (68.98%), Basidiomycetes (16.96%) and Chytridiomycetes (1.62%) were the dominant fungus in 0-10 cm layer, while Ascomycetes (68.44%), Basidiomycetes (15.52%), Chytridiomycetes (1.51%) and Coccidiomycetes (1.23%) were the dominant fungus in 10-20 cm layer. The different tillage and straw returning methods changed soil fungal community structure. Specifically, the relative abundance of Basidiomycota in DS increased 50.07% and 29.08% respectively in 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm layers than that of SS. The multiple regression trees showed that soil fungal communities were divided into soil organic carbon nodes with a threshold of 11.17 mg·kg ^-1 in 0-10 cm layer, additionally, the soil fungi community were divided into available nitrogen nodes with a threshold of 6.52 mg·kg ^-1 in 10-20 cm layer. In this study, Pathotroph was mainly function type of soil fungi in 0-10 cm (26.84%) and 10-20 cm (23.91%) layers in wheat-maize rotation in the North China Plain. Compared with NT, Pathotroph relative abundance under DT and RT treatments were reduced by 25.16% and 16.45%, respectively. The results of correlation analysis showed that Pathotroph relative abundance were positively correlated with soil total organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, total nitrogen, available nitrogen and available potassium. 【Conclusion】 In general, our results indicated that different tillage and straw returning methods changed soil fungal community structure and relative abundance of functional groups. The content of soil organic carbon and available nitrogen were the driving factors shaped the fungal community structure. Besides, DT could reduce Pathotroph relative abundance, which was conducive to maintaining the soil ecosystem health.

Key words: tillage practice, straw returning, soil fungal community, high-throughput sequencing, multiple regression trees

DAI HongCui,ZHANG Hui,XUE YanFang,GAO YingBo,QIAN Xin,ZHAO HaiJun,CHENG Hao,LI ZongXin,LIU KaiChang. Response of Fungal Community and Function to Different Tillage and Straw Returning Methods[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(13): 2280-2294.

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References 48

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处理 Treatment	小麦季 Wheat season	玉米季 Maize season
NTD	免耕+秸秆还田 Straw returning with no tillage	免耕直播+秸秆还田 Straw returning without tillage
NTS	免耕+秸秆还田 Straw returning with no tillage	免耕直播 No tillage
DTD	深松+秸秆还田 Straw returning with deep tillage	免耕直播+秸秆还田 Straw returning without tillage
DTS	深松+秸秆还田 Straw returning with deep tillage	免耕直播 No tillage
RTD	旋耕+秸秆还田 Straw returning with rotary tillage	免耕直播+秸秆还田 Straw returning without tillage
RTS	旋耕+秸秆还田 Straw returning with rotary tillage	免耕直播 No tillage

土层 Layer (cm)	处理 Treatment	pH	有机碳 TOC (g·kg^-1)	可溶性有机碳 DOC (mg·kg^-1)	全氮 TN (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 AN (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷 AP (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 AK (mg·kg^-1)
0-10	NTD	7.04±0.10c	14.04±2.01a	49.09±5.78a	1.11±0.02a	11.11±1.99a	62.18±8.76a	180.39±16.56a
	NTS	7.38±0.14b	10.58±0.64bc	38.48±4.46b	0.97±0.10b	7.50±0.28b	39.76±5.81b	143.71±11.94b
	DTD	7.54±0.06ab	9.12±1.35cd	37.36±5.61b	1.03±0.08ab	9.49±0.70ab	42.52±6.46b	111.43±8.21c
	DTS	7.61±0.09a	7.82±0.15d	25.48±2.71c	0.98±0.04b	9.03±0.88ab	31.09±4.37b	92.67±5.47c
	RTD	7.45±0.12ab	12.15±1.29ab	41.08±3.65b	0.96±0.06b	9.84±0.77a	44.18±8.64b	147.77±10.25b
	RTS	7.47±0.14ab	10.08±1.45bc	39.68±2.61b	0.92±0.05b	9.95±1.65a	41.36±7.31b	112.44±15.52c
	耕作方式Tillage	ns	**	**	ns	ns	*	***
	还田方式Returning	ns	***	**	*	*	**	***
	交互作用Interaction	ns	ns	ns	ns	*	ns	ns
10-20	NTD	7.80±0.21a	6.70±0.80c	35.95±5.30ab	0.78±0.18ab	7.30±0.58a	19.86±2.59b	94.87±5.29a
	NTS	7.87±0.16a	6.05±0.98c	28.51±2.94bc	0.61±0.08b	5.31±0.97b	16.91±3.49b	91.99±7.39a
	DTD	7.57±0.06a	8.15±0.80ab	29.57±5.01abc	0.92±0.11a	8.62±0.15a	27.39±4.55a	106.02±11a
	DTS	7.75±0.20a	7.33±0.17bc	25.21±1.98c	0.76±0.03ab	8.70±1.01a	23.37±1.77ab	98.75±9.89a
	RTD	7.53±0.23a	9.26±0.89a	37.44±4.88a	0.71±0.05b	7.90±1.30a	29.14±5.3a	102.81±2.97a
	RTS	7.72±0.15a	8.20±0.38ab	35.43±4.61ab	0.72±0.06b	8.00±0.66a	26.81±3.59a	98.92±4.15a
	耕作方式Tillage	ns	***	*	ns	**	**	ns
	还田方式Returning	ns	*	*	*	ns	ns	ns
	交互作用Interaction	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

土层 Layer (cm)	处理 Treatment	序列数 Reads	操作分类单元 OTU	覆盖度 Coverage (%)	香农指数 Shannon index	ACE 指数 ACE index	Chao 1指数 Chao 1 index
0-10	NTD	22368	160.67±4.73bc	99.86	2.93±0.09b	187.14±12.24a	190.50±17.14a
	NTS	22368	152.00±3.00c	99.88	2.96±0.05b	171.75±6.00a	170.46±4.52a
	DTD	22368	154.00±11.27bc	99.82	2.84±0.06b	194.55±45.81a	197.44±51.97a
	DTS	22368	175.00±1.00a	99.88	2.95±0.11b	203.64±4.26a	202.76±12.03a
	RTD	22368	167.00±16.52abc	99.87	2.87±0.03b	207.69±26.83a	212.52±23.99a
	RTS	22368	177.33±3.06a	99.85	3.10±0.08a	194.63±7.08a	194.01±12.00a
	耕作方式 Tillage	-	*	-	ns	ns	ns
	还田方式 Returning	-	ns	-	**	ns	ns
	交互作用Interaction	-	*	-	ns	ns	ns
10-20	NTD	22368	167.00±4.36a	99.91	3.24±0.09a	184.75±6.58a	190.12±13.69a
	NTS	22368	131.33±8.14b	99.89	2.49±0.34b	153.34±2.32b	158.04±4.56b
	DTD	22368	143.67±10.07b	99.86	2.52±0.24b	158.66±11.23b	158.53±11.96b
	DTS	22368	178.67±2.08a	99.86	3.13±0.06a	193.56±5.18a	197.41±2.47a
	RTD	22368	163.33±7.64a	99.89	2.97±0.06a	194.48±14.13a	192.32±11.16a
	RTS	22368	172.33±13.05a	99.89	3.18±0.03a	200.79±16.43a	199.87±12.53a
	耕作方式 Tillage	-	**	-	ns	**	**
	还田方式 Returning	-	ns	-	ns	ns	ns
	交互作用Interaction	-	***	-	***	**	***

功能营养型 Functional groups	pH	有机碳 TOC	可溶性有机碳 DOC	全氮 TN	碱解氮 AN	有效磷 AP	速效钾 AK
病理营养型 Pathotroph	0.087	0.600***	0.563***	0.428**	0.394*	0.291	0.517**
腐生营养型 Saprotroph	-0.180	0.286	0.249	0.11	0.204	0.058	0.194
共生营养型 Symbiotroph	0.570**	-0.535**	-0.323	-0.597***	-0.525**	-0.698***	-0.503**

Response of Fungal Community and Function to Different Tillage and Straw Returning Methods

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