Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (19): 3823-3834.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.19.009

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effect of Long-Term Straw Returning on the Soil Organic Carbon Bound to Iron Oxides in Black Soil and Fluvo-Aquic Soil

SUN Yue1(), REN KeYu1, ZOU HongQin1, GAO HongJun2, ZHANG ShuiQing3, LI DeJin1, LI BingJie1, LIAO ChuQian1,4, DUAN YingHua1(), XU MingGang1,5   

  1. 1 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Beijing 100081
    2 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Research, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033
    3 Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002
    4 College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037
    5 Engineer and Technology Academy of Ecology and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031
  • Received:2023-11-23 Accepted:2024-01-30 Online:2024-10-01 Published:2024-10-09
  • Contact: DUAN YingHua

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Abstract:

【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to explore the differences in the content and properties of different types of iron oxide bound organic carbon in different dryland soils and their responses to long-term straw returning. 【Method】 Based on the long-term fertilization experiments of black soil and fluvo-aquic soil in Gongzhuling, Jilin Province and Zhengzhou, Henan Province since 1990, soil samples under no fertilization (CK), single application of chemical fertilizer (NPK) and chemical fertilizer +straw returning (NPKS) for 29 years were collected, and the complex iron (FePP), amorphous iron oxides (FeHH) and crystalline iron oxides (FeDH) were obtained through continuous extraction method. The differences in the content of different forms of iron oxides and their bound organic carbons were explored. Combined with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, the differences in the properties of iron oxide-bound organic carbon were also accessed. 【Result】 Compared with CK and NPK treatments, the soil organic carbon content under NPKS treatment in black soil was significantly increased by 18.1% and 14.9%, respectively, and fluvo-aquic soil was significantly increased by 46.1% and 13.3%, respectively. The content of FePP in the two soils were lower than those under FeHH and FeDH, but the content of complexed iron-bound organic carbon (OCPP) were significantly higher than those of amorphous iron oxide-bound organic carbon (OCHH) and crystalline iron oxide-bound organic carbon (OCDH), accounting for 71.4%-93.2% of the total iron oxide-bound organic carbon content, indicating that OCPP was the main form of iron oxide-bound organic carbon. Compared with NPK treatment, the FePP content in black soil was significantly reduced by 65.6%. FeHH content was significantly reduced by 17.8%, and FeDH content was not significantly changed under NPKS treatment, while the FePP content in fluvo-aquic soil was significantly increased by 15.9%. FeHH content was not significantly changed, and FeDH content was significantly increased by 24.6%. Compared with NPK treatment, NPKS treatment significantly reduced the content of total iron oxide bound organic carbon in black soil, among which OCPP decreased by 11.3%, while OCDH increased by 53.7%, and OCHH did not change significantly, but had no significant effect on the content of total iron oxide bound organic carbon in fluvo-aquic soil. Further analysis of the binding organic carbon content per gram of iron oxides showed that compared with NPK treatment, NPKS treatment significantly increased the binding capacity of three iron oxides in black soil, but had no significant effect in the fluvo-aquic soil. FePP was mainly combined with macromolecular organic carbon with strong hydrophobicity and weak aromaticity while FeHH was mainly combined with small molecule organic carbon with strong hydrophobicity and aromaticity, and FeDH was mainly combined with some macromolecular compounds with poor hydrophobicity and aromaticity. 【Conclusion】 Comparing with the single application of chemical fertilizer, the content of crystalline and amorphous iron oxide bound organic carbon in black soil and fluvo-aquic soil increased significantly after long-term straw returning to the field, while the content of complexed iron bound organic carbon in black soil decreased significantly and did not change in fluvo-aquic soil. This was one of the important mechanisms for the different increases of soil organic carbon levels in different soil types after straw returning.

Key words: long-term straw returning, soil organic carbon, feature of organic carbon, iron oxides

Table 1

Overview of the long-term positioning test site"

吉林公主岭
Gongzhuling City, Jilin Province
（124°48′E, 43°30′N）		 河南郑州
Zhengzhou City, Henan Province
（35°00′E, 113°41′N）
土壤类型
Soil style		 中层典型黑土-黏砾黑土
Middle-layer typical black soil-clayey black soil genus		 潮土土类-潮砂土
Fluvo-aquic soil type-green sandy soil genus
成土母质
Soil parent material		 第四纪黄土状沉积物
Quaternary loess-like sediments		 黄土状沉积物
Loess-like sediments
土壤质地 Soil texture 壤黏土 Loamy clay 轻壤土 Light loam
种植制度 Cropping system 玉米连作 Corn continuous cropping 小麦-玉米轮作 Wheat-corn
气候类型
Type of climate		 温带半湿润区
Temperate semi-humid zone		 暖温带大陆性季风
Warm temperate continental monsoon
年降水量 Annual precipitation (mm) 450-650 700
年均温 Average annual temperature (℃) 4-5 14.4
初始耕层有机碳 Organic carbon in the initial tillage layer (g·kg-1) 13.23 6.15
初始耕层全氮 Total nitrogen in the initial tillage layer (g·kg-1) 1.40 1.01
初始耕层 pH Initial tillage layer pH 7.6 8.1

Table 2

Fertilizer application rates for different treatments for black soil and fluvo-aquic soil"

处理
Treatment		 吉林公主岭
Gongzhuling City, Jilin Province
（124°48′E, 43°30′N）		 河南郑州Zhengzhou City, Henan Province（35°00′E, 113°41′N）
小麦季 Wheat season 玉米季 Corn season
CK (kg·hm-2) N, P2O5, K2O：0 N, P2O5, K2O：0 N, P2O5, K2O：0
NPK (kg·hm-2) N：165 N：165 N：188
P2O5：82.5 P2O5：82.5 P2O5：94
K2O：82.5 K2O：82.5 K2O：94
NPKS (kg·hm-2) N：112 N：49.5 N：282
P2O5：82.5 P2O5：82.5 P2O5：94
K2O：82.5 K2O：82.5 K2O：94
秸秆 Straw：7500 （含N 约52.5 kg） 秸秆 Straw：6000-9000 （含N 约115.5 kg） 秸秆 Straw：0

Table 3

The pH, organic carbon and total nitrogen contents of black soil and fluvo-aquic soil after long-term application of chemical fertilizer and straw returning to the field"

处理
Treatment		 有机碳
Organic carbon (g·kg-1)		 全氮
Total nitrogen (g·kg-1)		 碳氮比
C﹕N		 酸碱度
pH
黑土
Black soil		 CK 15.5±0.10c 1.37±0.01c 11.0±0.19a 7.77±0.07a
NPK 15.9±0.02b 1.47±0.01b 10.8±0.03a 6.05±0.07b
NPKS 18.3±0.09a 1.63±0.03a 11.0±0.05a 7.99±0.06a
潮土
Fluvo-aquic soil		 CK 7.94±0.17c 0.67±0.03c 11.5±0.07a 8.30±0.01a
NPK 10.1±0.10b 0.93±0.01b 10.9±0.02b 8.11±0.13b
NPKS 11.6±0.11a 1.09±0.04a 10.6±0.04c 8.10±0.03b

Fig. 1

Contents of iron oxides in black soil and fluvo-aquic soil under different long-term fertilization treatments CK, NPK and NPKS represent no fertilization, chemical fertilizer application and straw returning treatments, respectively. Different lowercase letters on the graph column indicate significant differences among different treatments for the same iron oxide, at P<0.05 according to Tukey’s multiple range test. FePP, FeHH, and FeDH represent organo-Fe complexes, amorphous Fe hydroxides, and crystalline Fe hydroxides, respectively. The same as below"

Fig. 2

Contents of Fe-oxide-bound organic carbon (A) under different long-term fertilization treatments and its proportion in total soil organic carbon (B) in black soil and fluvo-aquic soil OCT, OCPP, OCHH and OCDH represent total iron oxide bound organic carbon, organo-Fe complexes bound organic carbon, amorphous Fe hydroxides bound organic carbon, and crystalline Fe hydroxides bound organic carbon, respectively. OCT=OCPP+OCHH+OCDH. OCPP/SOC, OCHH/SOC and OCDH /SOC represent the ratio of complexed iron-bound organic carbon, amorphous iron oxide-bound organic carbon, and crystalline iron oxide-bound organic carbon to total organic carbon"

Fig. 3

Iron oxide combined organic carbon content per gram in black soil and fluvo-aquic soil under different long-term fertilization treatments"

Fig. 4

E2/E3 (A), A260 (B), and SUVA254 (C) values of Fe-oxide bound organic carbon of black soils and fluvo-aquic soils under different long-term fertilization treatments"

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