不同降水年型磷肥对旱地冬小麦产量及磷素吸收利用的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.16.008

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The effects of phosphorus (P) fertilization on the yield, P uptake and utilization of dryland wheat under different precipitation patterns and summer-season precipitation were investigated to provide the theoretical basis and practical guidance for optimizing the management of P fertilizer application and increasing yield of dryland winter wheat.【Method】 This study was based on a winter wheat P fertilization experiment that started in July 2018 at three sites in Weibei dryland area of Plateau Loess, China. The field experiment included two treatments: optimized P application (+P), and no P application (-P). The precipitation, winter wheat yield, precipitation efficiency, soil water storage, P fertilizer use efficiency, wheat P uptake, and soil P budget under different precipitation years were analyzed over three years. 【Result】 The wheat yields in dry and intermediate years were 3 432 and 4 549 kg·hm^-2, respectively, while the wheat yield in wet year was 7 634 kg·hm^-2. Compared with the -P treatment, the +P treatment significantly increased the wheat yield by 5.8%. Overall, the winter wheat yield showed a linear plus platform correlation with annual precipitation and precipitation in the summer fallow season. In the dry years, the annual and summer-seasonal precipitation use efficiency under +P treatment were significantly lower than those in the -P treatment, with a decrease of 9.5% and 8.0%, respectively; however, in the wet year, they were significantly higher by 13.1% and 12.9% than those under -P treatment. Soil water storage in 0-100 cm soil layers in intermediate year was significantly lower by 10.5% and 10.8% than that under the dry and wet years, respectively, while in the wet year, the application of P fertilizer had no significant effects on soil water storage in 0-300 cm soil layers. Additionally, in the dry and intermediate years, the +P treatment significantly increased the topsoil available phosphorus contents by 29.1% and 17.8%, respectively. The P use efficiency increased with the increasing annual precipitation and summer-season precipitation and the partial factor productivity and agronomic efficiency of P fertilizer were the highest in the wet year, with increases of 74.0% and 176.3%, respectively, compared with the dry year. The soil P budget under +P treatment in the wet year was the lowest, significantly reduced by 67.9% and 62.9% than that in the dry and intermediate years, respectively. The soil P budget under -P treatment was deficient, and it was significantly higher in wet year than that in dry year and intermediate year. 【Conclusion】 Under P fertilizer input, winter wheat yield and P uptake and utilization had different effects in different precipitation year patterns. Therefore, it was necessary to consider the changes in precipitation when applying P fertilizer in dryland winter wheat production. Based on the similar results under the precipitation in summer season and annual precipitation, more attention should be paid to the precipitation in summer season, by which it could predict the target yield and optimize the P fertilizer application rate, in order to ensure the reasonable application of P fertilizer and improve crop yield.

Key words: dryland, wheat, precipitation, optimized phosphorus application, phosphorus absorption, soil phosphorus budget

JIA BingLi, LI YanXing, YANG WenJie, YU Jie, YUAN AiJing, LI NingNa, QIU WeiHong, WANG ZhaoHui. Effects of Phosphorus Fertilization on the Yield and Phosphorus Absorption and Utilization of Dryland Winter Wheat Under Different Precipitation Year Types[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(16): 3192-3206.

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地点 Experiment site	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available potassium (mg·kg^-1)	pH
蒲城Pucheng	12.10	0.85	10.70	201.5	8.17
乾县Qianxian	8.67	0.51	15.96	122.3	8.41
永寿Yongshou	11.90	0.72	13.00	124.2	8.35

地点 Experimental site	年份 Year	氮肥施用量 N fertilizer rate (kg·hm^-2)	磷肥施用量 P fertilizer rate (kg·hm^-2)	钾肥施用量 K fertilizer rate (kg·hm^-2)	年降水量 Annual precipitation (mm)	夏闲期降水量 Summer-season precipitation (mm)	降水年型 Precipitation year
蒲城 Pucheng	2018—2019	83	99	30	200	145	干旱年Dry year
	2019—2020	119	77	30	492	313	平水年Intermediate year
	2021—2022	154	62	30	911	698	丰水年Wet year
乾县 Qianxian	2018—2019	105	58	30	415	245	干旱年Dry year
	2019—2020	185	62	46	613	277	平水年Intermediate year
	2021—2022	163	65	43	753	511	丰水年Wet year
永寿 Yongshou	2018—2019	64	41	30	358	254	干旱年Dry year
	2019—2020	150	73	30	500	307	平水年Intermediate year
	2021—2022	169	79	40	685	394	丰水年Wet year

地点 Experiment site	年型 Precipitation year types	100 kg籽粒吸磷量 P uptake for producing 100 kg grain (kg)		籽粒磷吸收量 Grain P uptake (kg·hm^-2)		总磷吸收量 Total P uptake (kg·hm^-2)		磷收获指数 P harvest index (%)
地点 Experiment site	年型 Precipitation year types	-P	+P	-P	+P	-P	+P	-P	+P
蒲城 Pucheng	干旱年Dry year	0.47bA	0.59aA	4.2aC	3.8aC	5.3aC	5.2aC	79.2aB	72.7bB
	平水年Intermediate year	0.28aB	0.35aB	7.6aB	10.1aB	8.5aB	11.5aB	89.7aAB	88.4aA
	丰水年Wet year	0.20aB	0.21aB	12.6bA	15.7aA	13.6bA	17.5aA	92.7aA	89.6aA
乾县 Qianxian	干旱年Dry year	0.29aA	0.32aA	8.8aB	10.4aB	12.8aB	14.5aB	69.1aC	71.2aB
	平水年Intermediate year	0.33aA	0.38aA	12.8bB	15.4aAB	14.7bB	17.4aAB	87.2aA	88.7aA
	丰水年Wet year	0.33aA	0.33aA	19.0aA	19.8aA	24.4aA	25.7aA	77.8aB	76.7aAB
永寿 Yongshou	干旱年Dry year	0.34aA	0.37aA	14.8aA	13.8aC	17.3aB	16.5aB	85.6aA	83.7aA
	平水年Intermediate year	0.31aA	0.35aA	16.3aA	18.0aB	18.6aAB	20.6aB	87.7aA	87.4aA
	丰水年Wet year	0.35aA	0.37aA	18.8aA	22.6aA	25.6aA	30.6aA	73.6aB	74.2aB
平均 Average	干旱年Dry year	0.37aA	0.43aA	9.3aA	9.3aB	11.8aB	12.1aC	77.9aB	75.9aB
	平水年Intermediate year	0.31bA	0.36aA	12.2bA	14.5aAB	13.9bB	16.5aB	88.2aA	88.2aA
	丰水年Wet year	0.29aA	0.31aA	16.8aA	19.4aA	21.2bA	24.6aA	81.4aB	80.2aB
总平均 All Average		0.32b	0.37a	12.8b	14.4a	15.6b	17.7a	82.5a	81.4b

Effects of Phosphorus Fertilization on the Yield and Phosphorus Absorption and Utilization of Dryland Winter Wheat Under Different Precipitation Year Types

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