不同有机肥对煤矿复垦区土壤养分及细菌群落结构的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.16.009

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The purpose of this study was to explore the characteristics of nutrient and bacterial communities and function in reclaimed soil under different manures and to provide a theoretical basis for fertilization transformation and health management of reclaimed soil.【Method】Based on the located fertilization test base (coal mining subsidence area in Piancheng Village, Xiaoyi City, Shanxi Province), this experiment analyzed the soil nutrients, bacterial community structure and function, and maize yield of reclaimed soil in the mining area under different manures (chicken manure, pig manure, and cow manure) and chemical fertilizer treatments for three consecutive years,.【Result】(1) After three consecutive years of fertilization, the application of manures significantly reduced soil pH (0.03-0.08 units) compared with chemical fertilizer, but significantly increased soil organic carbon (11.0%-15.5%), total nitrogen (14.9%-19.1%), available nitrogen (20.3%-43.4%) and available potassium (12.3%-13.6%), among them, chicken manure treatment had the greatest increase in soil organic carbon and available nitrogen content. In addition, the application of chemical fertilizer and manures significantly increased crop yield (16.7%-21.1%), and pig manure had the greatest increase in crop yield. (2) The manures application significantly increased the bacterial richness of reclaimed soil and affected the composition of soil bacterial community structure. At the phylum level, the manures application considerably enhanced the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, with the relative richness of Firmicutes significantly higher under pig manure and chicken manure treatments than that under cow manure treatment. At the genus level, different manures treatments significantly increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Lechevalieria, Sphingomonas, and Bacillus. (3) The ecological function of reclaimed soil bacteria was mainly chemoheterotrophy and aerobic chemoheterotrophy. Various manures treatments significantly increased the relative abundance of chemoheterotrophy and fermentation populations, with the relative abundance of fermentation populations considerably higher under the pig manure treatment than under the chicken manure and cow manure treatments. (4) The mantel test study revealed a substantial positive correlation between soil bacterial diversity and function and soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and crop yield. 【Conclusion】The application of various manures significantly increased the nutrient content of reclaimed soil, improved the structure and function of the bacterial community in reclaimed soil, and then increased crop yield. Nevertheless, there were differences in the soil nutrients, bacterial community structure, and crop yields among the various manures, with chicken manure offering the highest enhancement in soil nutrients, pig manure providing the highest enhancement in functional flora related to carbon and crop yields, but cow manure providing the lesser improvement in soil nutrients and crop yields.

Key words: manure, soil nutrients, bacterial community structure, functional prediction, maize yield, mining reclamation area

LI HaiPeng, DU WuYan, WU HanQian, ZHANG Jie, MENG HuiSheng, HONG JianPing, XU MingGang, HAO XianJun, GAO WenJun. Different Manures Affect Soil Nutrients and Bacterial Community Structure in Mining Reclamation Area[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(16): 3207-3219.

Figures/Tables 8

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有机肥 Manure	pH	全氮 Total N (N，%)	全磷 Total P (P₂O₅，%)	全钾 Total K (K₂O，%)	含水率 Moisture content (%)	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)
鸡粪Chicken manure	8.10	2.03	1.74	1.34	33.37	227.93
猪粪 Pig manure	8.14	2.08	2.32	0.93	44.18	174.28
牛粪Cow manure	7.99	1.46	2.00	0.76	34.97	148.63

处理 Treatment	pH	有机碳 Organic carbon, SOC (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total N, TN (g·kg^-1)	全磷 Total P, TP (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Available N, AN (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available P, AP (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K, AK (mg·kg^-1)	产量 Yield (t·hm^-2)
CK	8.26±0.02a	3.60±0.04d	0.45±0.14d	0.27±0.02d	29.88±0.35d	2.99±0.33c	104.72±2.12c	7.90±0.11b
CF	8.24±0.01a	3.62±0.03d	0.47±0.01c	0.33±0.01bc	32.22±0.63d	13.96±2.84a	110.74±1.99b	9.22±0.72a
CHM	8.17±0.02bc	4.18±0.04a	0.54±0.04b	0.36±0.01a	46.20±1.44a	13.96±0.58a	124.90±1.68a	9.32±0.14a
PM	8.16±0.02c	4.08±0.04b	0.56±0.11a	0.34±0.01ab	43.11±1.13b	14.62±1.66a	124.36±2.87a	9.57±0.16a
CM	8.21±0.03b	4.02±0.02c	0.55±0.04ab	0.32±0.01c	38.76±2.19c	9.42±0.38b	125.76±1.46a	9.27±0.34a

Different Manures Affect Soil Nutrients and Bacterial Community Structure in Mining Reclamation Area

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