Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (14): 2791-2802.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.14.008

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Green Manure Return on Soil Organic Carbon Component and Carbon Invertase Enzyme Activities

GUAN TongTong(), ZHANG Yan(), TAO HaiNing, DONG Xiu, SHEN YuYing   

  1. College of Grassland Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University/National Key Laboratory of Grass Seed Innovation and Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, Lanzhou 730020
  • Received:2023-09-06 Accepted:2023-10-29 Online:2024-07-16 Published:2024-07-24
  • Contact: ZHANG Yan

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Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim of this study was to explore the effects of green manure return to the field on the content of soil organic carbon components and the activities of carbon invertase enzymes in dry-crop wheat fields, so as to provide data support for the improvement of soil quality and the achievement of the goal of “carbon neutrality”. 【Method】 The green manure return field experiment in a 5-year rotation system of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth)-winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and forage rape (Brassica napus L.)-winter wheat was conducted on a typical black clay soil in the Longdong dry loess area of Gansu Province. Soil organic carbon (SOC), easily oxidizable organic carbon (EOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) content and β-1,4-glucosidase (βG), cellobiose hydrolase (CBH), β-xylosidase (βX) geometric mean enzyme activity (GMEA) activities were analyzed in four soil layers of different stages of winter wheat after the mulching and overturning of hairy vetch, forage rape. 【Result】 The method of green manure returning to the field had a significant effect on the content of soil organic carbon components and the activities of CBH and βX. Compared with mulching, hairy vetch and forage rape overturning were able to increase the content of soil SOC, EOC and MBC by 12.9%, 12.1% and 53.8%, while the activity of βG, CBH increased by 3.2% and 10.2%, respectively, and the most significant effect was found in the 20-25 cm soil layer. There were significant differences in soil labile organic carbon content and soil enzyme activities at different winter wheat growth period, in which soil EOC and MBC content reached the highest at the maturity and greening stage of winter wheat, respectively, and the activities of βG, CBH, βX and GMEA reached the highest at the booting stage of winter wheat. The soil βG activity had the most significant changes and highest in different return methods and it was the main enzyme participating in the soil carbon transformation process after green manure returned to the field. Soil carbon component content and carbon invertase enzyme activity differed significantly in different soil layers, and both decreased with the increase of soil depth. The type of green manure also significantly affected soil carbon components and enzyme activities, in which the SOC and MBC content and the activities of soil βG, CBH, βX and GMEA returned to the field by forage rape were 1.08, 1.21, 1.15, 1.23, 1.19, and 1.19 times higher than common vetch. Structural equation modeling indicated that the green manure return method affected SOC accumulation by regulating the cumulative decomposition rate, and could regulate soil pH, SOC and the accumulated decomposition rate of green manure affecting GMEA activity. SOC accumulation was more affected by the green manure return biomass more than return method, while the opposite was true for carbon invertase enzyme activity.【Conclusion】 Cultivating and overturning forage rape during summer fallow period significantly increased soil organic carbon components and carbon invertase enzyme activities in 0-25 cm soil layer, which was an effective measure for efficient resource utilization during summer fallow period in Loess Plateau.

Key words: green manure, return method, return biomass, organic carbon component, carbon invertase enzyme, black clay soil

Table 1

Three-factor analysis of variance on the effect of winter wheat growth period, green manure return method and soil depth on each factor"

变异来源
Variation		 有机碳
SOC		 易氧化有机碳
EOC		 微生物量碳
MBC		 β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶
βG		 纤维二糖水解酶
CBH		 β-木糖苷酶
βX		 几何平均酶
GMEA
F
T 1.179 11.552 42.026 80.173 13.811 52.737 35.697
M 6.791 3.292 17.888 2.747 4.885 9.072 0.149
D 20.558 5.342 4.052 158.206 60.319 70.841 84.365
T×M 0.781 1.535 7.554 0.984 4.796 3.378 5.213
T×D 1.151 1.119 0.995 4.177 1.687 3.362 1.424
M×D 4.174 3.542 3.069 14.585 9.168 18.694 16.956
T×M×D 0.741 0.767 1.484 1.641 2.121 2.198 1.999
P
T 0.323 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
M 0.010 0.073 <0.001 0.098 0.028 0.003 0.700
D <0.001 0.002 0.007 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
T×M 0.542 0.198 <0.001 0.416 0.001 0.010 <0.001
T×D 0.326 0.353 0.460 <0.001 0.066 <0.001 0.152
M×D 0.008 0.017 0.006 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
T×M×D 0.709 0.683 0.079 0.076 0.015 0.011 0.023

Fig. 1

Changes of SOC, EOC, MBC content under different application of green manure VG and VB represent hairy vetch mulching, overturning treatments, respectively; RG and RB represent forage rape mulching, overturning treatments, respectively. SW, SD, TG, BT, FL and ME represent the sowing, seedling, turning green, booting, filling, maturity stages of wheat, respectively. * Indicates significant differences between different treatments at the P<0.05 level. ** Indicates significant differences between different treatments at the P<0.01 level. The same as below"

Fig. 2

Changes of soil βG, CBH, βX, GMEA activity under different application of green manure"

Fig. 3

Structure equation models of soil SOC, EOC, MBC and potential impact factors Fit of the model to the data: DF=18, CMIN/DF=2.475, GFI=0.972, AGFI=0.930, RMSEA=0.067, CFI=0.974. Blue arrows indicate negative correlations, red arrows indicate positive correlations, the width of the arrows is proportional to the strength of the relationship, and the numbers in the arrows indicate normalized path coefficients (*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001). The same as below"

Fig. 4

Structure equation models of soil GMEA and potential impact factors Fit of the model to the data: DF=12, CMIN/DF=1.085, DFI=0.990, AGFI=0.971, RMSEA=0.016, CFI=0.999"

Table 2

Accumulated decomposition rate of green manure at different winter wheat growth period (%)"

处理
Treatment		 出苗期
Seedling stage		 返青期
Reviving stage		 孕穗期
Boot stage		 灌浆期
Filling stage		 成熟期
Maturity stage
VG 13.2 21.1 29.1 36.9 44.6
VB 29.3 35.2 47.5 63.5 66.5
RG 15.9 23.3 37.0 51.3 53.4
RB 30.1 46.4 63.4 67.7 69.8
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