山东省作物秸秆和畜禽粪尿有机肥资源现状及替代化肥潜力分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.04.008

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The quantity and total nutrient of crop straw, livestock and poultry manure resources were calculated, and their potential to replace chemical fertilizers was estimated, so as to provide the data support for the overall and rational utilization of organic fertilizer resources in Shandong. 【Method】Based on the crops (wheat, corn, rice/rice, soybean, potato, peanut and cotton) and livestock/poultry (cattle, pig, sheep, poultry and rabbit), the grass-grain ratio and excretion coefficient methods were used to calculate the total amounts of organic fertilizer and total nutrients in Shandong in 2020, and the potential of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer was estimated. 【Result】 (1) In 2020, the total amount of straw resources was 7 616.8×10⁴ t, and the total amount of nutrients was 163.2×10⁴ t, in Shandong. The theoretical potential of straw nutrients to replace chemical fertilizers was 42.9%, while the actual potential was 20.9%. The theoretical potential of N, P₂O₅ and K₂O in straw to replace chemical fertilizers was 35.3%, 9.0% and 92.2%, respectively, while the actual potential was 12.5%, 4.2% and 53.7%, respectively. The total amount of straw resources increased by 16.8% from 2016 to 2020. (2) In 2020, the total amount of livestock and poultry manure resources was 9 131.2×10⁴ t, the total amount of nutrients was 82.7×10⁴ t, in Shandong. The theoretical potential of livestock and poultry manure nutrient resources to replace chemical fertilizers was 21.7%, and the actual potential was 19.5%; the theoretical substitution potential of N, P₂O₅and K₂O resources in livestock manure was 19.6%, 11.4% and 36.4%, respectively, while the actual substitution potential was 17.7%, 10.3% and 32.9%, respectively. From 2016 to 2020, the total amount of livestock and poultry manure resources decreased by 25.4%. (3) The theoretical potential of crop straw and livestock manure nutrients in different regions of Shandong to replace chemical fertilizers was as followed: Northwest Shandong>South Shandong>South Central Shandong>Central Shandong>East Shandong. Northwest Shandong and South Shandong were with the highest potential of 77.0% and 75.6%, respectively; East Shandong was with the lowest of 46.5%. Among them, Dezhou had the greatest potential of 95.3%, followed by 92.6% of Dongying and 91.2% of Binzhou. Yantai and Weihai were with the smallest of 35.5% and 40.6%, respectively. (4) The theoretical potential of different types of resources of crop straw and livestock/poultry manure nutrients to replace chemical fertilizers were as followed: corn (16.7%)>wheat (16.2%)>potato (4.9%)>peanut (3.6%)>rice (0.7%)>cotton (0.4%), soybean (0.4%)>cow manure (8.7%)>pig manure (6.5%)>sheep manure (3.2%)>poultry manure (3.2%)>rabbit manure (0.1%).【Conclusion】In 2020, the total amount of straw and livestock manure resources was 16 748.0×10⁴ t, and the total amount of nutrients was 245.9×10⁴ t, in Shandong. The theoretical potential of straw and livestock manure nutrient resources to replace chemical fertilizers was 64.6%, and the actual potential was 40.4%. The theoretical substitution potential of N, P₂O₅ and K₂O in straw and livestock manure was 54.8%, 20.4% and 128.6%, respectively, and the actual substitution potential was 30.2%, 14.5% and 86.6%, respectively. The organic fertilizer resources of crop straw and livestock manure in western, northern and southern Shandong were very rich, while those in central and eastern Shandong were relatively few. There were more organic fertilizer resources of crop straws, such as corn and wheat, and more organic fertilizer resources of livestock, and poultry manure, such as cattle and pigs. Efficient and rational use of organic fertilizer resources, such as crop straws and livestock and poultry manure, was an important guarantee for reducing fertilizer application and increasing efficiency.

Key words: crop straw, livestock manure, organic fertilizer resource, potential to replace chemical fertilizer, Shandong Province

MA RongHui, YANG WuJie, YU Lei, YANG ZeLong, WANG Jian, GUO YueSheng. Investigation on Potential of Replacing Chemical Fertilizer for Crop Straw and Livestock Manure Organic Fertilizer in Shandong Province[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(4): 721-739.

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区域Region	地市City
鲁东地区 East Shandong	青岛、烟台、威海 Qingdao, Yantai, Weihai
鲁南地区 South Shandong	日照、临沂 Rizhao, Linyi
鲁中南地区 South Central Shandong	枣庄、济宁、泰安 Zaozhuang, Jining, Taian
鲁中地区 Central Shandong	济南、淄博、潍坊 Jinan, Zibo, Weifang
鲁西和鲁北地区 North and West Shandong	东营、德州、聊城、滨州、菏泽 Dongying, Dezhou, Liaocheng, Binzhou, Heze

作物 Crop	草谷比 Straw/grain	秸秆养分含量 Nutrient contents in straw (%)			养分当季释放率 Percent of in-season nutrient release from straw (%)
作物 Crop	草谷比 Straw/grain	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
小麦Wheat	1.34	0.54	0.09	1.16	50.11	62.01	89.05
玉米Maize	1.23	0.89	0.11	0.99	54.04	73.03	84.43
水稻/稻谷Rice	0.97	0.82	0.13	1.90	47.19	66.69	84.91
大豆Soybean	1.53	0.89	0.09	0.64	52.06	54.41	84.30
马铃薯Potato	0.50	2.35	0.49	2.76	51.61	81.00	76.90
花生Peanut	1.41	1.64	0.15	1.56	51.61	66.50	85.82
棉花Cotton	2.82	0.85	0.22	1.63	45.11	31.85	96.33

畜禽种类 Livestock	饲养周期 Feeding period (d)	粪便Excrement				尿液Urine
畜禽种类 Livestock	饲养周期 Feeding period (d)	排泄量系数Excretion (kg·d^-1)	N (%)	P₂O₅(%)	K₂O (%)	排泄量系数Excretion (kg·d^-1)	N (%)	P₂O₅(%)	K₂O (%)
牛Cattle	>365	24.87	0.38	0.10	0.24	11.7	0.51	0.02	0.92
猪Pig	192	2.71	0.55	0.26	0.30	3.86	0.18	0.02	0.16
羊Sheep	>365	2.09	1.01	0.22	0.54	0.64	0.70	0.03	0.77
家禽Poultry	67	0.12	0.81	0.37	0.62	-	-	-	-
兔Rabbit	90	0.20	0.87	0.30	0.66	-	-	-	-

	小麦 Wheat	玉米 Maize	水稻/稻谷 Rice	大豆 Soybean	马铃薯 Potato	花生 Peanut	棉花 Cotton
秸秆资源量Straw resource（×10⁴ t）	3442.3	3192.3	95.8	84.9	335.3	404.2	62.0
秸秆养分量Straw nutrient content（×10⁴ t）	61.6	63.5	2.7	1.4	18.8	13.5	1.7

	牛 Cattle	猪 Pig	羊 Sheep	家禽 Poultry	兔 Rabbit
畜禽粪尿资源量Livestock manure resources（×10⁴ t）	3484.9	3701.0	1258.1	672.5	14.7
畜禽粪尿养分量Livestock manure nutrient contents（×10⁴ t）	33.2	24.8	12.3	12.1	0.3

Investigation on Potential of Replacing Chemical Fertilizer for Crop Straw and Livestock Manure Organic Fertilizer in Shandong Province

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区域 Region	有机肥资源量占比 Organic fertilizer resources ratio (%)	粮食产量占比 Grain yield ratio (%)	化肥消费量占比 Chemical fertilizer consumption ratio (%)	养分需求量占比 Proportion of fertilizer demand ratio (%)	理论有机替代化肥潜力 Potential of theoretical organic substitution for chemical fertilizer (%)
鲁东地区East Shandong	12.4	12.3	17.9	12.5	46.5
鲁南地区South Shandong	12.5	10.0	10.3	9.5	75.6
鲁中南地区South Central Shandong	15.7	20.4	18.9	21.4	62.1
鲁中地区Central Shandong	15.9	15.6	18.5	15.7	55.3
鲁西和鲁北地区 North and West Shandong	43.5	41.8	34.5	41.0	77.0

区域 Region	地市 City	秸秆养分量 Straw nutrient (×10⁴ t)	畜禽养分量 Livestock manure nutrient (×10⁴ t)	总计 Sum (×10⁴ t)	实际有机替代化肥潜力 Potential of actual organic substitution for chemical fertilizer (%)	理论有机替代化肥潜力 Potential of theoretical organic substitution for chemical fertilizer (%)
鲁东地区 East Shandong	青岛QD	12.3	4.0	16.3	37.5	62.0
	烟台YT	6.3	5.1	11.5	23.0	35.5
	威海WH	2.7	1.2	3.8	22.8	40.6
	小计Total	21.3	10.3	31.6	28.6	46.5
鲁南地区 South Shandong	日照RZ	3.1	2.3	5.4	37.7	67.9
	临沂LY	13.8	10.3	24.1	43.5	77.5
	小计Total	16.9	12.6	29.5	42.3	75.6
鲁中南地区 South Central Shandong	枣庄ZZ	10.7	1.7	12.4	37.8	65.3
	济宁JN-2	13.7	6.2	20.0	33.5	57.8
	泰安TA	9.1	3.3	12.4	35.7	67.1
	小计Total	33.5	11.2	44.7	35.2	62.1
鲁中地区 Central Shandong	济南JN-1	7.8	4.5	12.3	38.9	60.0
	淄博ZB	3.6	2.3	5.9	49.3	75.5
	潍坊WF	13.5	7.1	20.6	32.0	49.2
	小计Total	25.0	13.9	38.9	35.9	55.3
鲁西和鲁北地区 North and West Shandong	东营DY	3.4	4.2	7.7	65.8	92.6
	德州DZ	18.8	9.8	28.5	63.9	95.3
	聊城LC	14.1	4.3	18.4	36.5	57.1
	滨州BZ	9.3	7.4	16.7	60.7	91.2
	菏泽HZ	21.0	9.0	30.0	45.1	70.0
	小计Total	66.6	34.7	101.3	50.8	77.0
合计Sum		163.3	82.7	245.9	40.4	64.6

资源类型 Resource type	济南 JN-1	青岛 QD	淄博 ZB	枣庄 ZZ	东营 DY	烟台 YT	潍坊 WF	济宁 JN-2	泰安 TA	威海 WF	日照 RZ	临沂 LY	德州 DZ	聊城 LC	滨州 BZ	菏泽 HZ	平均 Average
作物秸秆 Crop straw	72.0	70.6	68.0	76.6	67.5	59.1	71.1	60.9	55.4	57.2	46.2	46.5	75.9	76.7	66.2	73.6	67.8
畜禽粪尿资源Livestock manure	87.4	93.9	89.8	89.4	88.6	93.0	92.1	89.1	91.8	93.5	86.0	86.7	89.5	90.2	89.2	89.9	90.1

资源类型 Resource type	理论有机替代化肥潜力 Potential of theoretical organic substitution for chemical fertilizer (%)				实际有机替代化肥潜力 Potential of actual organic substitution for chemical fertilizer (%)
资源类型 Resource type	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	合计 Total	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	合计 Total
作物秸秆 Crop straw	35.3	9.0	92.2	42.9	12.5	4.2	53.7	20.9
畜禽粪尿 Livestock manure	19.6	11.4	36.4	21.7	17.7	10.3	32.9	19.5
合计 Total	54.9	20.4	128.6	64.6	30.2	14.5	86.6	40.4

作物 Crop	N (%)	P₂O₅ (%)	K₂O (%)	合计 Total (%)	畜禽 Livestock	N (%)	P₂O₅ (%)	K₂O (%)	合计 Total (%)
玉米Maize	15.8	3.4	32.2	16.7	牛Cattle	8.2	2.5	16.3	8.7
小麦Wheat	10.3	3.0	40.7	16.2	猪Pig	6.8	4.3	8.2	6.5
马铃薯Potato	4.4	1.6	9.4	4.9	羊Sheep	1.5	2.2	7.6	3.2
花生Peanut	3.7	0.6	6.4	3.6	家禽Poultry	3.0	2.4	4.3	3.2
水稻/稻谷Rice	0.4	0.1	1.9	0.7	兔Rabbit	0.1	0	0.1	0.1
棉花Cotton	0.3	0.1	1.0	0.4
大豆Soybean	0.4	0.1	0.6	0.4

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