23份老挝糯玉米早代系品质性状配合力分析及育种潜力评估

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.15.003

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】High-quality is the primary target for waxy maize breeding. The aim of this study is to screen lines with high general combining ability and excellent hybrids with high-quality traits, which will clarify the breeding potential of these lines from Laos and lay a foundation in breeding high-quality waxy maize varieties.【Method】Using the Maize6H-60K chip, high quality genotype data of 33 waxy maize materials were obtained for cluster analysis. Combined with the iodine staining experiment and molecular detection of waxy genes, these types of waxy genes from early-generation maize lines from Laos were identified. Through the incomplete diallel cross experiment, phenotype identification and combining ability analysis of quality and other traits of 439 combinations were carried out to clarify the breeding potential of waxy maize lines with early generation from Laos. An experiment of quality traits evaluation with multi-person was conducted on these selected combinations with advantages to identify the most promising high-quality waxy maize hybrids. 【Result】Clustering analysis was conducted based on 56 626 high quality SNP, and the results showed that these lines from Laos and domestic materials belong to different branches and can be clearly distinguished. All 23 lines with early generation from Laos were waxy maize, among which 16 lines belonged to the wx-D10 type, three lines belonged to the wx-D7 type, and the other four lines were unknown types. The heritability of quality traits of waxy maize materials from Laos is low, ranging from 0.14 to 0.35, which is suitable for selection in higher generations. The average stewing quality of 439 combinations was significantly higher than that of the control Jingkenuo2000 and Shinuo2, but there was no significant difference from Yunuo7. The general combining ability effects of all quality traits of waxy maize lines F02, F22, F25, and F28 were positive, which could be used to improve quality traits of domestic waxy maize in China. Furthermore, these combinations M02×F02 and M22×F22 were evaluated as excellent in multi-person quality traits evaluation experiments by approximately 86% of all tasters.【Conclusion】These local varieties of waxy maize from Laos have rich genetic variation, with a certain genetic distance from domestic waxy maize inbred lines. There may also exist new alleles of waxy gene in these lines from Laos. In addition, these waxy maize lines from Laos have obvious advantages in quality traits, including waxy quality, pericarp thickness and other traits, which can be used as valuable germplasm for improving the quality traits of domestic waxy maize in China.

Key words: waxy corn, quality, germplasm resources, combining ability, waxy gene

ZHU ChunTao, REN DanDan, LIU ZhengCen, LIU ChangChuang, LIU RuiQi, ZHENG HongJian, HU ErLiang, LIN HaiJian, LI JingWei, LU YanLi, WANG QingJun. Combining Ability Analysis on Quality Traits and Breeding Potential Evaluation of 23 Waxy Maize Lines from Laos[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(15): 2931-2945.

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Figures/Tables 9

Table 1

Investigated traits of waxy maize hybrids and their standards"

性状Trait	测定方法Investigated method
抽雄期Tasseling (d)	从播种到小区50%材料可见雄穗长度超过3 cm的总天数 Total days from seeding day to the day of tassel length with 3 cm or more for half of these plants
散粉期Anthesis (d)	从播种到小区50%材料开始散粉的总天数Total days from seeding day to the day of anthesis for half of these plants
吐丝期Silking (d)	从播种到小区50%材料开始吐丝超过3 cm的总天数 Total days from seeding day to the day of silk length with 3 cm or more for half of these plants
株高Plant height (cm)	从植株基部到植株顶部的距离Distance from base to the top of the plant
穗位高Ear height (cm)	从植株基部到植株最上部果穗柄的距离Distance from base to the first upper ear of the plant
单鲜穗重Fresh ear weight (g)	测量小区鲜果穗总重量，然后计算平均单鲜穗重The average ear weight of one plot
外观品质Appearance quality (score)	参照专用籽粒玉米和鲜食玉米行业标准（NY/T 523-2020） Refer to the industrial standard of specialized grain corn and fresh corn (NY/T 523-2020)
气味Smell quality (score)	参照专用籽粒玉米和鲜食玉米行业标准（NY/T 523-2020） Refer to the industrial standard of specialized grain corn and fresh corn (NY/T 523-2020)
色泽Color quality (score)	参照专用籽粒玉米和鲜食玉米行业标准（NY/T 523-2020） Refer to the industrial standard of specialized grain corn and fresh corn (NY/T 523-2020)
糯性Waxy quality (score)	参照专用籽粒玉米和鲜食玉米行业标准（NY/T 523-2020） Refer to the industrial standard of specialized grain corn and fresh corn (NY/T 523-2020)
滋味Flavor quality (score)	参照专用籽粒玉米和鲜食玉米行业标准（NY/T 523-2020） Refer to the industrial standard of specialized grain corn and fresh corn (NY/T 523-2020)
柔嫩性Tenderness quality (score)	参照专用籽粒玉米和鲜食玉米行业标准（NY/T 523-2020） Refer to the industrial standard of specialized grain corn and fresh corn (NY/T 523-2020)
皮的厚薄Pericarp thickness (score)	参照专用籽粒玉米和鲜食玉米行业标准（NY/T 523-2020） Refer to the industrial standard of specialized grain corn and fresh corn (NY/T 523-2020)
蒸煮品质Stewing quality (score)	为气味、色泽、糯性、滋味、柔嫩性和皮的厚薄分数之和 Total score of quality traits (color, smell, waxy, flavor, tenderness, and pericarp thickness)

Table 1

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材料编号 Material number	自交系 Line	碘染颜色 Color of iodine staining	凝胶电泳检测 Gel electrophoresis		扩增测序比对 Sequence alignment		备注 Notes
材料编号 Material number	自交系 Line	碘染颜色 Color of iodine staining	wx-D7	wx-D10	wx-D7	wx-D10	备注 Notes
CK1	B73	蓝色Blue					已知非糯质玉米 Known non-waxy corn
CK2	Mo17	蓝色Blue					已知非糯质玉米 Known non-waxy corn
F01	20Y025-1	紫红Purplish red	是Yes		是Yes
F02	20Y003-7	紫红Purplish red		是Yes		是Yes
F03	20Y003-2	紫红Purplish red		是Yes		是Yes
F04	20Y002-2	紫红Purplish red		是Yes		是Yes
F05	20Y019-1	紫红Purplish red		是Yes		是Yes
F06	20Y023-1	紫红Purplish red					其他糯质突变类型 Other types of waxy mutant
F07	20Y005-10	紫红Purplish red					其他糯质突变类型 Other types of waxy mutant
F08	20Y004-32	紫红Purplish red		是Yes		是Yes
F09	20Y006-2	紫红Purplish red		是Yes		是Yes
F10	20Y007-2	紫红Purplish red		是Yes		是Yes
F12	20Y003-39	紫红Purplish red		是Yes		是Yes
F13	20Y014-1	紫红Purplish red		是Yes		是Yes
F17	20Y004-26	紫红Purplish red	是Yes		是Yes
F18	20Y003-13	紫红Purplish red	是Yes		是Yes
F22	20Y003-30	紫红Purplish red		是Yes		是Yes
F23	20Y015-1	紫红Purplish red		是Yes		是Yes
F25	20Y003-16	紫红Purplish red				是Yes
F26	20Y003-9	紫红Purplish red		是Yes		是Yes
F27	20Y003-22	紫红Purplish red		是Yes		是Yes
F28	20Y021-2	紫红Purplish red		是Yes		是Yes
F29	20Y022-2	紫红Purplish red		是Yes		是Yes
F30	20Y024-1	紫红Purplish red					其他糯质突变类型 Other types of waxy mutant
F31	20Y016-1	紫红Purplish red					其他糯质突变类型 Other types of waxy mutant

性状 <BOLD>T</BOLD>rait	对照Control			不完全双列杂交组合Hybrids in incomplete diallel crossing
性状 <BOLD>T</BOLD>rait	京科糯2000 Jingkenuo2000	石糯2号 Shinuo2	渝糯7号 Yunuo7	均值±标准差 Mean ± SD	变异系数 CV (%)	变幅 Range	遗传力 Heritability
抽雄期Tasseling (d)	63.47***	54.01***	60.30***	62.20±2.29	3.69	55.37-67.77	0.92
吐丝期Silking (d)	64.47ns	59.06***	63.16***	64.44±2.54	3.95	57.31-70.53	0.94
散粉期Anthesis (d)	64.59*	57.87***	63.04***	64.31±2.49	3.87	57.07-70.30	0.93
株高Plant height (cm)	253.70***	259.14**	254.52***	261.19±7.72	2.96	230.22-278.02	0.60
穗位高Ear height (cm)	112.77***	105.49***	121.92***	124.16±7.31	5.89	99.97-141.18	0.68
单鲜穗重Fresh ear weight (g)	262.15***	219.70***	231.09***	244.06±32.77	13.43	152.34-336.92	0.91
外观品质Appearance quality (score)	24.45***	24.18***	24.69ns	24.70±0.14	0.55	24.13-25.07	0.26
蒸煮品质Stewing quality (score)	55.33***	55.17***	55.48ns	55.48±0.28	0.51	54.69-56.23	0.23
气味Smell quality (score)	5.86ns	5.70***	5.88***	5.86±0.03	0.47	5.78-5.93	0.14
色泽Color quality (score)	5.89***	5.76***	5.84**	5.86±0.14	2.40	5.37-6.39	NA
糯性Waxy quality (score)	14.41***	14.38***	14.62***	14.50±0.11	0.75	14.20-14.80	0.22
滋味Flavor quality (score)	7.72ns	7.67***	7.69***	7.72±0.05	0.61	7.58-7.90	0.20
柔嫩性Tenderness quality (score)	7.78***	7.73ns	7.67***	7.73±0.10	1.24	7.40-7.94	0.35
皮的厚薄Pericarp thickness (score)	13.46***	13.73ns	13.56***	13.74±0.14	1.00	13.36-14.12	0.29

性状 Trait	父本一般配合力General combing ability of male
性状 Trait	F01	F02	F03	F04	F05	F06	F07	F08	F09	F10	F12	F13	F17	F18	F22	F23	F25	F26	F27	F28	F29	F30	F31
抽雄期 Tasseling (d)	-3.55	1.82	1.73	0.23	-0.21	-1.95	0.85	2.34	1.04	-1.53	1.76	-1.24	-0.47	-0.22	0.67	-0.94	0.66	2.55	1.97	-1.98	-1.51	1.23	-4.81
开花期 Anthesis (d)	-3.90	1.86	2.25	0.59	0.01	-1.68	1.32	2.49	0.64	-2.08	2.22	-1.67	-0.58	-0.16	0.58	-1.30	1.03	2.62	1.78	-2.17	-1.61	1.78	-5.77
吐丝期 Silking (d)	-3.91	1.71	2.38	0.27	0.12	-1.88	1.51	2.75	1.02	-2.28	2.25	-1.07	-0.76	0.04	0.30	-1.37	1.14	2.75	1.82	-2.33	-2.02	1.63	-5.79
株高 Plant height (cm)	-7.53	2.57	7.28	-0.97	1.39	-1.57	1.35	7.41	0.65	-3.47	4.87	-12.49	-5.41	-2.15	3.57	-0.17	4.53	5.13	4.75	-7.56	-2.44	6.24	-11.15
穗位高 Ear height (d)	-8.52	1.75	8.34	2.44	-0.86	-1.36	3.67	6.10	-2.30	-1.72	7.32	-14.29	-3.51	-3.53	4.42	-5.84	4.94	4.50	7.01	-3.26	-1.31	3.05	-11.00
外观品质 Appearance quality (score)	0.00	0.06	-0.04	0.12	0.01	0.01	0.03	-0.02	0.02	0.11	0.00	-0.17	0.00	-0.05	0.04	-0.21	0.07	-0.02	-0.01	0.03	0.04	0.00	0.01
色泽 Color quality (score)	-0.01	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.00	-0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00	-0.01	0.02	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	-0.01	0.00	0.01	0.00	-0.02	-0.02
单鲜穗重 Fresh ear weight (g)	-34.92	24.40	29.63	-6.21	1.49	-15.72	-4.41	15.88	-7.16	-35.67	10.95	-22.81	11.65	11.58	2.74	12.75	10.96	33.42	33.68	-34.09	-25.69	19.08	-54.79

组合 Hybrids	品尝人数 Total number of person	优(≥85) Excellent		良(80-85) Good		组合 Hybrids	品尝人数 Total number of person	优(≥85) Excellent		良(80-85) Good
组合 Hybrids	品尝人数 Total number of person	人数 Number of person	比例 Ratio (%)	人数 Number of person	比例 Ratio (%)	组合 Hybrids	品尝人数 Total number of person	人数 Number of person	比例 Ratio (%)	人数 Number of person	比例 Ratio (%)
M22×F22	14	12	85.7	2	100.0	M29×F29	13	4	30.8	6	76.9
M02×F02	14	12	85.7	2	100.0	M24×F28	14	7	50.0	3	71.4
M09×F03	14	9	64.3	5	100.0	M22×F18	10	4	40.0	3	70.0
M18×F02	14	9	64.3	5	100.0	M29×F28	13	8	61.5	1	69.2
M24×F22	14	10	71.4	3	92.9	M22×F01	13	5	38.5	4	69.2
M21×F09	14	10	71.4	3	92.9	M21×F02	13	5	38.5	4	69.2
M05×F22	14	5	35.7	8	92.9	M18×F25	13	4	30.8	5	69.2
M22×F05	14	4	28.6	9	92.9	渝糯7号 Yunuo7	13	3	23.1	6	69.2
M12×F04	14	3	21.4	10	92.9	M19×F02	14	6	42.9	3	64.3
M09×F29	13	8	61.5	4	92.3	M24×F27	14	3	21.4	6	64.3
M22×F08	13	6	46.2	6	92.3	M19×F04	14	2	14.3	7	64.3
M21×F29	12	8	66.7	3	91.7	M03×F28	8	5	62.5	0	62.5
M10×F22	14	10	71.4	2	85.7	M02×F01	13	6	46.2	2	61.5
M22×F02	14	6	42.9	6	85.7	M18×F06	13	3	23.1	5	61.5
M19×F08	14	6	42.9	6	85.7	M20×F01	13	3	23.1	5	61.5
M20×F17	14	5	35.7	7	85.7	M21×F18	12	4	33.3	3	58.3
M10×F18	14	5	35.7	7	85.7	M03×F08	14	6	42.9	2	57.1
M03×F25	14	3	21.4	9	85.7	M22×F29	14	4	28.6	4	57.1
M18×F28	13	5	38.5	6	84.6	M29×F10	14	3	21.4	5	57.1
M14×F17	13	5	38.5	6	84.6	M32×F17	14	3	21.4	5	57.1
M18×F05	14	9	64.3	2	78.6	M12×F12	14	2	14.3	6	57.1
M30×F17	14	8	57.1	3	78.6	京科糯2000 Jingkenuo2000	14	2	14.3	6	57.1
M13×F25	14	8	57.1	3	78.6	M30×F02	12	2	16.7	4	50.0
M19×F28	14	6	42.9	5	78.6	M29×F25	14	2	14.3	3	35.7
M21×F28	14	6	42.9	5	78.6	M05×F17	2	0	0.0	0	0.0
M22×F17	14	3	21.4	8	78.6	石糯2号 Shinuo2	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
M22×F28	13	8	61.5	2	76.9

Combining Ability Analysis on Quality Traits and Breeding Potential Evaluation of 23 Waxy Maize Lines from Laos

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