节水减氮对宁夏引黄灌区春小麦抗倒伏特性及产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.17.009

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The study on the effect of nitrogen reduction and water saving on the stem strength and grain quality of spring wheat aims to provide theoretical basis for the sustained and stable yield increase of spring wheat, efficient utilization of irrigate and nitrogen, and improvement of spring wheat’s lodging resistance in Yellow River Irrigation Area of Ningxia.【Method】Using Ningchun No.4 as test material, in 2021 and 2022, split-zone field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of irrigation treatments (conventional irrigation (400 mm, WC), 20% water saving (320 mm, W1), and 40% water saving (240 mm, W2) and nitrogen application treatments (conventional nitrogen application (270 kg·hm^-2, NC), 25% nitrogen reduction (202.5 kg·hm^-2, NJ), and no nitrogen application, N0) on stem strength, yield and grain quality of spring wheat.【Result】The 25% N reduction and 20% water savings did not significantly reduce spring wheat plant height, stem diameter, or accumulation of aboveground biomass compared to conventional N application. There was no significant difference in stem strength and stem potassium content of spring wheat treated with reduced and conventional nitrogen application levels, but on the basis of reduced nitrogen, stem strength and stem potassium content of spring wheat treated with 20% water saving was significantly higher than that of conventional irrigation treatment. At the filling stage, stem strength increased by 14.9% and 16.3%, and stem potassium content increased by 13.4% and 11.9% in the water-saving 20% treatment compared to the conventional flooding treatment in both years at the reduced nitrogen level, while at the maturity stage, stem strength increased by 19.0% and 8.3%, and stem potassium content increased by 10.5% and 9.0%, respectively. Stem strength of spring wheat showed a decreasing trend as the reproductive process progressed. Correlation analysis showed that stem strength was highly significantly positively correlated with plant height and above-ground biomass, significantly positively correlated with stem potassium content, and not significantly correlated with stem diameter. Among the water-nitrogen treatments, the spring wheat yield was highest in the 20% nitrogen reduction and water conservation treatment, amounting to 8 092 and 5 516 kg•hm^-2 in 2021 and 2022, respectively. At the same nitrogen application, the soluble sugar and protein contents of spring wheat grain showed an increasing and then decreasing trend with the decrease of irrigation quota, and the 25% nitrogen reduction and 20% water saving treatment reached the maximum value, which increased by 14.4%, 16.7%, and 25.5%, 23.5%, respectively, compared with the conventional water and nitrogen treatments, while there was no significant difference in starch content among the irrigation and nitrogen treatments. It was further found that stem strength was highly significantly and positively correlated with yield and protein content in grain and not significantly correlated with starch and soluble sugar content in grain.【Conclusion】Water saving of 20% under nitrogen reduction promoted the growth of spring wheat plant height and stem diameter, increased the accumulation of aboveground biomass, and increased the potassium content of stems, which in turn improved the stem strength of spring wheat, reduced the risk of lodging, increased the yield of spring wheat and improved the grain quality. Therefore, it was concluded that 20% water saving under nitrogen reduction conditions is a suitable irrigate and nitrogen management model for spring wheat in the Yellow River Irrigation Area of Ningxia.

Key words: the Yellow River Irrigation Area of Ningxia, spring wheat, water saving, nitrogen reduction, stem strength, yield, grain quality

LI Hong, WANG XiNa, WEI GuangYuan, MA YongXin, TIAN HaiMei, WANG YueMei, QIAN ZhiJin, TAN JunLi. Effects of Water Saving and Nitrogen Reduction on Lodging Resistance and Grain Yield of Spring Wheat in the Yellow River Irrigation Area of Ningxia[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(17): 3424-3439.

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年份 Year	土层 Soil layers (cm)	有机质 Organic matter (g•kg^-1)	全氮 Total N (g•kg^-1)	矿质态氮 Mineral N (mg•kg^-1)	全磷 Total P (g•kg^-1)	速效磷 Available P (mg•kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg•kg^-1)	pH
2021	0-20	16.30	0.59	32.01	0.57	24.69	143.01	7.83
2022	0-20	21.22	0.69	42.79	0.67	26.77	149.31	7.91

处理 Treatments		茎粗 Stem diameter (cm)
施氮 Nitrogen	灌溉 Irrigation	拔节期 Jointing stage	抽穗期 Heading stage	灌浆期 Filling stage	成熟期 Maturation stage
NC	WC	0.371±0.064aA	0.360±0.026aA	0.338±0.029aA	0.366±0.027aA
	W1	0.330±0.027aA	0.350±0.030aA	0.344±0.046aA	0.375±0.033aA
	W2	0.298±0.019bA	0.348±0.024aA	0.372±0.024aA	0.349±0.017aA
NJ	WC	0.378±0.034aA	0.364±0.018aA	0.399±0.021aA	0.368±0.023aA
	W1	0.346±0.030aA	0.376±0.046aA	0.400±0.013aA	0.372±0.027aA
	W2	0.363±0.024aA	0.323±0.041aA	0.342±0.019aB	0.346±0.011aA
N0	WC	0.337±0.031aA	0.370±0.007aA	0.387±0.028aA	0.376±0.031aA
	W1	0.363±0.033aA	0.394±0.042aA	0.384±0.001aA	0.396±0.034aA
	W2	0.326±0.045abA	0.345±0.015aA	0.372±0.026aA	0.346±0.019aA
ANOVA	W	ns	ns	ns	*
	N	ns	ns	ns	ns
	W×N	ns	ns	ns	ns

处理 Treatments		茎秆钾含量 Potassium content in stem (g·kg^-1)
处理 Treatments		2021		2022
施氮 Nitrogen	灌溉 Irrigation	灌浆期 Filling stage	成熟期 Maturation stage	灌浆期 Filling stage	成熟期 Maturation stage
NC	WC	27.48±1.89abB	31.09±0.46aA	27.48±3.95aA	23.07±3.06bB
	W1	32.43±3.21aA	31.76±1.16bA	23.87±1.52bA	29.49±1.01bA
	W2	28.95±0.61aAB	29.09±2.67aA	27.75±2.21aA	25.88±2.06bAB
NJ	WC	29.89±1.41aB	33.09±2.90aA	26.95±2.84aA	30.96±3.64aA
	W1	33.90±0.61aA	36.57±2.73aA	30.15±1.52aA	33.76±1.67aA
	W2	30.56±1.81aB	32.69±2.31aA	28.15±2.67aA	32.83±2.89aA
N0	WC	23.74±3.72bA	25.08±1.16bA	26.95±1.29aB	32.69±1.52aA
	W1	19.87±0.46bAB	24.14±1.62cA	31.09±1.22aA	34.16±0.46aA
	W2	18.00±1.84bB	19.87±0.23bB	30.56±2.02aA	33.49±1.52aA
ANOVA	W	*	**	ns	*
	N	**	**	*	**
	W×N	**	ns	ns	ns

Effects of Water Saving and Nitrogen Reduction on Lodging Resistance and Grain Yield of Spring Wheat in the Yellow River Irrigation Area of Ningxia

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处理 Treatments	施氮量 Nitrogen application rate (kg•hm^-2)	每次灌水量 Irrigating quota every time (mm/time)	灌溉定额 Irrigation norm (mm)
NCWC	270	80	400
NCW1	270	64	320
NCW2	270	48	240
NJWC	202.5	80	400
NJW1	202.5	64	320
NJW2	202.5	48	240
N0WC	0	80	400
N0W1	0	64	320
N0W2	0	48	240

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