弱光下烯效唑对杂交籼稻茎秆形态、解剖特征和抗倒伏性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.15.004

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of current study was to investigate the regulation mechanism of endogenous hormones, culm anatomical and morphological traits and its relationship with lodging resistance of hybrid indica rice as affected by foliar application uniconazole under shading condition. The study results could provide theoretical basis and technical support for stable and abundant hybrid indica rice yield and emergency chemical regulation cultivation under poor light stress in Sichuan Basin. 【Method】A split-split plot field experiment was carried out in Yongchuan, Chongqing from 2018 to 2019. Shading was selected as the main plots, namely, normal light treatment (NL) and shading treatment with decreased incident light by 50% (S). The foliar application uniconazole levels were used as splits-plots, and three uniconazole levels were set: 0 (U₀), 40 mg·L^-1 (U₄₀), and 80 mg·L^-1 (U₈₀), and the varieties were used as split-split plots, namely Yuxiang203 (YX203) and Cliangyouhuazhan (CLYHZ), respectively. The study focused on analyzing the effects of foliar application uniconazole on stem lodging resistance of hybrid indica rice plant under shading condition, and further investigating the changes of culm morphological, anatomical traits and endogenous hormones and its relationship with stem mechanical strength. 【Result】Shading and uniconazole treatments had significant effects on culm morphological and anatomical traits, changes of endogenous hormones and stem lodging index (LI) and its physical parameters in two hybrid indica rice varieties. Compared with NL, S treatments significantly raised LI owing to significant reduction of breaking resistance (M), even though bending moment by whole plant (WP) also decreased, especially for YX203. Further, S treatments significantly lowered thickness of mechanical tissue, area of small and large bundle vascular in basal culm internode. And, cell width was decreased slightly, but ratio of cell length to cell width was increased to a certain extent, thus reduced culm wall thickness and stem mechanical strength consequently. Under shading stress, foliar application uniconazole significantly decreased stem LI of two hybrid indica rice varieties, which attributed to lower WP and higher M values, especially for YX203. Foliar application uniconazole reduced plant height and gravity center height by shorter length of lower internodes. And further, endogenous hormones including GA₁₊₃and IAA content during culm formation stage was declined, induced reduction of cell length and ratio of cell length to cell width and thereby, contributed to shorter lower internodes. Besides, endogenous hormones Z+ZR and IP+IPA content were increased during culm early development, the cells size showed smaller and denser, cell layer of mechanical tissue and cell number of bundle vascular sheath were also increased, and thus improved small and larger bundle vascular number and area and stem mechanical strength. The correlation analysis showed that cell length, ratio of cell length to cell width, thickness of mechanical tissue and area of small and large bundle vascular were significantly and negatively correlated to LI, but positively correlated to M. The trend were consistent in both YX203 and CLYHZ.【Conclusion】Foliar application uniconazole declined cell length, ratio of cell length to cell width and length of basal internodes primarily owing to reduction of GA₁₊₃and IAA content, and increased cell layer of mechanical tissue, cell number of bundle vascular sheath and cell density in parenchyma tissue by increasing Z+ZR and IP+IPA content, and raised thickness of mechanical tissue, area of small and large bundle vascular and thereby, improved stem mechanical strength and lodging resistance of hybrid indica rice under poor light stress.

Key words: hybrid indica rice, shading, uniconazole, lodging resistance, endogenous hormones

ZHANG WuJun, DUAN XiuJian, LI MaoYu, LUO Xia, LIU QiangMing, TANG YongQun, LI JingYong, YAO Xiong. Effects of Foliar Application Uniconazole on Culm Morphological Characters, Anatomical Traits and Stem Lodging Resistance of Hybrid Indica Rice Under Low Light Stress[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(15): 2946-2963.

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References 52

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处理 Treatment	折断弯矩 Breaking resistance (g∙cm)		弯曲力矩 Bending moment by whole plant (g∙cm)		倒伏指数 Lodging index (%)		产量 Grain yield (t∙hm^-2)
处理 Treatment	2018	2019	2018	2019	2018	2019	2018	2019
渝香203 YX203
NL
U₀	2646.7c	2257.4b	3895.6a	4086.9a	147.4a	181.2a	9.1b	7.9b
U₄₀	2837.2b	2472.7ab	3360.6b	3764.8ab	118.5b	152.3b	10.0a	8.8a
U₈₀	3184.2a	2661.4a	3092.4b	3448.5b	97.1c	129.6c	9.7a	8.1b
S
U₀	1828.1c	1780.8c	3156.6a	3351.0a	172.7a	188.2a	7.3a	6.9ab
U₄₀	2110.3b	2076.9b	2601.3b	3697.4a	123.4b	178.3ab	7.9a	7.2a
U₈₀	2426.2a	2229.2a	2666.0b	3483.8a	109.9c	156.5b	7.8a	6.0b
C两优华占 CLYHZ
NL
U₀	2286.2b	1997.1b	2398.2a	2450.2a	104.9a	123.0a	9.6b	8.4b
U₄₀	2431.3b	2075.4b	2343.4ab	2150.8b	96.5b	104.7ab	10.6a	8.8a
U₈₀	2850.9a	2466.9a	2223.9b	2014.7b	78.1c	81.7b	10.1ab	8.2b
S
U₀	1706.1c	1472.3b	1866.1b	1964.1a	109.4a	134.2a	8.7b	7.3a
U₄₀	2170.4b	1865.9a	1824.0b	1904.1a	84.3b	102.3b	9.5a	7.8a
U₈₀	2435.1a	2036.8a	2103.6a	1886.3a	86.4b	92.6b	9.0ab	6.6b
方差分析 Analysis of variance
品种 Variety (V)	48.5**	45.1**	719.8**	922.9**	287.3**	271.2**	89.8**	10.5**
遮阴 Shading (S)	462.4**	112.4**	190.9**	27.4**	12.4**	14.2**	235.2**	162.8**
烯效唑 Uniconazole (U)	162.1**	49.3**	29.1**	8.3**	136.2**	46.5**	23.1**	25.2**
V×S	40.0**	0.4	11.3**	0.1	11.7**	3.6	22.7**	2.3
V×U	0.8	0.8	29.4**	1.5	20.8**	0.3	1.2	0.3
S×U	4.6*	2.2	10.6**	11.1	7.4**	0.7	0.6	4.3*
V×S×U	1.4	0.8	0.2	1.8	1.4	1.8	0.2	0.6

Treatment	株高 Plant height (cm)		重心高度 Gravity center height (cm)		茎粗 Culm diameter (mm)		茎壁厚 Culm wall thickness (mm)
Treatment	2018	2019	2018	2019	2018	2019	2018	2019
渝香203 YX203
NL
U₀	130.3a	139.9a	44.9a	63.9a	7.60b	7.04b	0.98b	0.91b
U₄₀	114.4b	125.1b	37.3b	53.5b	7.70b	7.29a	1.00a	0.95a
U₈₀	106.2c	117.3c	34.8c	47.7c	7.88a	7.28a	1.02a	0.97a
S
U₀	122.7a	121.3a	43.5a	48.4a	6.90b	6.93b	0.93a	0.80c
U₄₀	106.5b	120.8a	36.1b	50.3a	7.13b	7.14ab	0.92a	0.82b
U₈₀	106.5b	115.5a	33.7b	50.4a	7.55a	7.26a	0.96a	0.94a
C两优华占 CLYHZ
NL
U₀	104.7a	105.8a	36.8a	48.7a	6.48a	6.21a	0.94a	0.86a
U₄₀	97.3b	100.6ab	35.9ab	44.4ab	6.55a	6.20a	0.95a	0.90a
U₈₀	90.1b	95.6b	34.3b	41.0b	6.54a	6.23a	0.94a	0.91a
S
U₀	98.7a	100.0a	34.8a	46.4a	6.48a	6.11b	0.83a	0.82a
U₄₀	91.8b	92.6b	32.0b	41.8b	6.47a	6.22a	0.87a	0.85a
U₈₀	90.4b	89.0b	33.0b	40.5b	6.57a	6.26a	0.85a	0.88a
方差分析 Analysis of variance
品种 Variety (V)	450.9**	730.6**	177.1**	221.5**	1014.5**	995.5**	44.1**	12.4**
遮阴 Shading (S)	24.4**	67.6**	39.1**	37.7**	72.3**	3.0	15.7**	24.5**
烯效唑 Uniconazole (U)	111.7**	52.1**	156.8**	50.1**	23.2**	13.7*	2.8	4.1*
V×S	0.6	1.2	4.1	9.4**	84.0**	1.4	3.3	5.2*
V×U	10.8**	0.7	64.1**	0.1	18.7**	4.6*	2.0	8.5**
S×U	7.0**	8.1**	1.8	25.9**	6.4**	1.2	0.2	2.3
V×S×U	0.2	11.3**	1.8	18.5**	1.4	0.7	2.1	1.0

处理 Treatment	小维管束数量 NSVB	小维管束面积 ASVB (μm²)	大维管束数量 NBVB	大维管束面积 ABVB (μm²)	机械组织厚度 TMT (μm)
渝香203 YX203
NL
U₀	33.7b	13244.6a	33.3b	26443.0a	41.0a
U₄₀	36.7a	16973.5a	35.0ab	31061.8a	44.3a
U₈₀	35.0ab	16866.4a	36.3a	31589.1a	49.0a
S
U₀	32.0b	12810.9b	34.3a	21678.9b	30.0b
U₄₀	34.0ab	14754.8b	35.0a	24012.7b	43.9a
U₈₀	36.3a	18487.2a	36.0a	29407.5a	47.3a
C两优华占 CLYHZ
NL
U₀	31.0b	12843.3b	33.7a	21435.7b	35.6b
U₄₀	33.3a	17669.3a	35.0a	27176.7a	40.3b
U₈₀	33.7a	14606.9b	37.0a	25934.0a	50.4a
S
U₀	31.0a	7818.2b	32.7b	19022.1b	33.3b
U₄₀	33.0a	8892.7ab	35.0a	22314.1a	42.0a
U₈₀	33.7a	10674.0a	35.3a	22578.0a	43.3a
方差分析 Analysis of variance
品种 Variety (V )	16.6**	40.7**	0.2	32.2**	2.7
遮阴 Shading (S)	1.3	33.7**	0.4	29.5**	10.7**
烯效唑 Uniconazole (U)	12.2**	15.9**	8.0**	17.5**	46.5**
V×S	0.8	26.7**	1.0	0.6	0.7
V×U	0.1	2.2	0.2	1.8	0.3
S×U	1.7	5.5*	0.4	1.5	4.2*
V×S×U	1.3	0.3	0.3	0.6	3.4

处理 Treatment	小维管束数量 NSVB	小维管束面积 ASVB (μm²)	大维管束数量 NBVB	大维管束面积 ABVB (μm²)	机械组织厚度 TMT (μm)
渝香203 YX203
NL
U₀	35.2a	13062.3a	33.6a	26105.2b	40.3c
U₄₀	35.0a	17037.3a	34.7a	30503.8ab	46.3b
U₈₀	35.0a	17377.6a	35.3a	32952.3a	49.9a
S
U₀	34.7a	14520.1b	34.3b	24387.8a	34.8b
U₄₀	35.3a	15921.6b	35.7ab	28125.2a	44.9a
U₈₀	35.7a	19481.7a	36.7a	28840.3a	46.4a
C两优华占 CLYHZ
NL
U₀	30.3b	13107.4b	30.3b	24885.0b	41.5b
U₄₀	33.7a	16742.9ab	34.3a	28312.1a	51.2a
U₈₀	34.3a	17714.4a	34.7a	29365.9a	48.6a
S
U₀	31.3b	8485.0a	32.3a	18009.6b	33.7b
U₄₀	33.0ab	10039.7a	34.0a	21011.1ab	38.2ab
U₈₀	34.0a	9312.6a	34.3a	22713.6a	42.0a
方差分析 Analysis of variance
品种 Variety (V )	25.0**	40.3**	9.7**	31.3**	2.1
遮阴 Shading (S)	0.1	24.9**	1.9	37.2**	59.5**
烯效唑 Uniconazole (U)	5.2*	14.4**	5.1*	14.7**	47.9**
V×S	0.1	40.9**	0.3	7.0**	12.0**
V×U	3.4	1.2	2.4	0.2	1.1
U×S	0.1	1.4	2.1	0.1	0.6
V×S×U	0.9	1.8	0.6	0.3	3.1

指标 Index	渝香203 YX203		C两优华占 CLYHZ
指标 Index	倒伏指数 Lodging index	折断弯矩 Breaking resistance	倒伏指数 Lodging index	折断弯矩 Breaking resistance
折断弯矩 Breaking resistance (g·cm)	-0.761**	-	-0.793**	-
穗长 Panicle length (cm)	0.301	0.227	0.086	0.345*
N₁ (cm)	0.133	0.427**	0.175	0.242
N₂ (cm)	0.607**	-0.097	0.518**	-0.519**
N₃ (cm)	0.715**	-0.611**	0.615**	-0.755**
N₄ (cm)	0.853**	-0.582**	0.822**	-0.832**
N₅ (cm)	0.524**	-0.430**	0.387*	-0.137
N₆ (cm)	0.631**	-0.334*	0.551**	-0.299
株高 Plant height (cm)	0.719**	-0.242	0.688**	-0.366*
重心高 GCH (cm)	0.759**	-0.347*	0.677**	-0.512**
茎粗 CD (mm)	-0.732**	0.865**	-0.281	0.316
壁厚 CWT (mm)	-0.772**	0.650**	-0.050	0.301
细胞长度 CL (μm)	0.672**	-0.572**	0.733**	-0.574**
细胞宽度CW (μm)	-0.072	0.121	-0.120	0.428**
细胞面积 CA (μm)	0.563**	-0.441**	0.590**	-0.307
细胞长宽比RCLCW	0.703**	-0.652**	0.712**	-0.695**
小维管束个数 NSVB	-0.209	0.276	-0.529**	0.397*
小维管束面积ASVB	-0.453**	0.344*	-0.425*	0.552**
大维管束个数NBVB	-0.153	0.059	-0.599**	0.511**
大维管束面积 ABVB	-0.481**	0.636**	-0.461**	0.611**
机械组织厚度 TMT	-0.593**	0.631**	-0.520**	0.608**

Effects of Foliar Application Uniconazole on Culm Morphological Characters, Anatomical Traits and Stem Lodging Resistance of Hybrid Indica Rice Under Low Light Stress

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