宁夏引黄灌区春小麦品种（系）抗倒伏相关性状杂种优势及配合力分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.13.001

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The essence of conventional wheat breeding involves the continuous multi-generation selection and maintenance of hybrid F₁ trait heterosis. Exploring the heterosis and combining ability of lodging-related traits among spring wheat varieties (lines) in the Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia, and clarifying significantly agronomic indexes related to anti-lodging traits in wheat that can provide a certain theoretical basis for utilizing heterosis in lodging traits of spring wheat, and for the screening and maintenance of its descendants in Ningxia.【Method】 This study utilized 14 spring wheat varieties (lines) from Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area as parent materials. According to NCⅡ incomplete diallel crossbreeding design, forty-five combinations were produced. Meanwhile, heterosis, combining ability, and correlation analyses were performed on 13 traits related to lodging resistance, such as plant height and culm type index, in their parents and their F₁ generation.【Result】 Significant differences in lodging resistance trait were observed among different spring wheat varieties (lines). Meanwhile, there is a certain level of heterosis in lodging resistance traits was evident in the F₁ generation. The main stem thrust resistance of NZ42, M6445, and M8887 showed high general combining ability (GCA) values of 11.68, 8.00, and 10.67 respectively. Significant combinations for main stem thrust resistance included M6445×M8887, M6445×MJ48, NZ42×N2038, NZ42×M7723, NZ42×NZ39, and H3015×Ningchun50. Correlation analysis revealed that plant height was significantly positively correlated with the first internode length and second internode weight, and highly significantly positively correlated with the second and fourth internode lengths. Besides, the main stem thrust resistance was highly significantly positively correlated with fresh weight of the main stem, stem diameter, bending moment and culm type index, but significantly negatively correlated with the fourth internode length. However, it was not significantly correlated with the second internode weight and fullness.【Conclusion】 The excellent parent varieties identified were NZ42, M6445, and M8887. Meanwhile, the excellent combinations of NZ42 × NZ39, M6445 × MJ48, and M6445 × M8887 were also observed in this study. In addition, Heterosis was present among most lodging resistance traits in different combinations, but the heterobeltiosis was less pronounced. The resistance to lodging was influenced by both additive and non-additive effects of parental genes, with a greater influence from the maternal genetic background. Furthermore, the plant height and main stem thrust resistance are significantly correlated with the fourth internode length, bending moment, and culm type index, serving as important references for selection of lodging-resistant generations.

Key words: spring wheat, lodging resistance, heterosis, combining ability, correlation

SUN WeiHao, LIU Ting, SANG YiNan, YANG ZhengWei, ZHANG GaiSheng, SONG YuLong, ZHANG ShuangXi. Analysis of Heterosis and Combining Ability of Lodging Resistance Traits of Spring Wheat Varieties (Lines) in the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(13): 2497-2508.

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References 39

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性状 Characters	均值 Mean	变异系数 CV (%)
株高PH (cm)	73.00	6.43
穗长SL (cm)	11.52	12.87
第一节间长 FIL (cm)	3.52	48.81
第二节间长 SIL (cm)	8.54	19.56
第三节间长 TIL (cm)	20.52	187.77
第四节间长 FOIL (cm)	30.29	10.97
主茎抗推力 MSTR (kPa/stem)	8.84	29.13
第二节重 SIW (g)	0.25	23.99
第二节间充实度 SIF (mg·cm^-1)	30.75	37.30
主茎鲜重 FWMS (g)	9.87	17.57
茎粗 SD (mm)	4.05	9.28
弯曲力矩 BM (g·cm)	749.35	18.36
秆型指数 CTI (%)	63.62	14.01

性状 Characters	组合均方 Mean square cross	误差均方 Mean square error	F值 F value
株高PH (cm)	45.49	16.02	2.84**
穗长SL (cm)	3.25	2.09	1.56*
第一节间长FIL (cm)	4.84	2.73	1.77**
第二节间长SIL (cm)	9.64	2.01	4.79**
第三节间长TIL (cm)	1470.00	1486.37	0.99
第四节间长FOIL (cm)	37.26	8.07	4.62**
主茎抗推力MSTR (kPa/stem)	14.57	4.70	3.10**
第二节重SIW (g)	0.01	0.002	4.44**
第二节间充实度SIF (mg·cm^-1)	594.63	79.18	7.51**
主茎鲜重FWMS (g)	7.40	1.94	3.82**
茎粗SD (mm)	0.33	0.09	3.50**
弯曲力矩BM (g·cm)	39897.53	13791.62	2.89**
秆型指数CTI (%)	0.02	0.01	3.80**

性状 Characters	中亲优势 Mid-parent heterosis			超亲优势 Heterobeltiosis
性状 Characters	均值 Mean	变化范围 Range	正向组合率 Positive rate (%)	均值 Mean	变化范围 Range	正向组合率 Positive rate (%)
株高PH	-0.79	-5.63-4.81	33.33	-4.13	-17.36-2.53	8.89
穗长SL	0.04	-9.69-8.98	62.22	-2.76	-12.77-7.85	28.89
第一节间长FIL	-7.76	-46.71-32.02	33.33	-16.54	-50.00-20.51	13.33
第二节间长SIL	-1.63	-21.24-2.04	33.33	-7.86	-54.28-16.58	13.33
第四节间长FOIL	-0.67	-9.73-7.05	48.89	-4.23	-14.17-6.73	13.33
主茎抗推力MSTR	-4.93	-46.59-29.16	31.11	-16.14	-58.21-14.32	13.33
第二节重SIW	-3.02	-30.34-28.73	37.78	-9.21	-39.35-26.3	28.89
第二节间充实度SIF	0.24	-25.50-23.93	51.11	-6.69	-31.96-18.11	31.11
主茎鲜重FWMS	-2.66	-25.90-16.58	40.00	-12.79	-36.19-7.25	8.89
茎粗SD	-3.38	-12.60-5.13	24.44	-7.39	-15.26-3.39	8.89
弯曲力矩BM	-3.54	-23.59-17.54	35.56	-14.53	-35.99-3.10	11.11
秆型指数CTI	-3.29	-20.35-11.40	26.67	-9.23	-32.38-8.23	15.56

性状 Characters	一般配合力（父本） GCA (male)		一般配合力（母本） GCA (femal)		特殊配合力（母本×父本） SCA (femal×male)
性状 Characters	MS	F	MS	F	MS	F
株高PH (cm)	477.62	44.94**	196.77	18.51**	30.47	2.87**
穗长SL (cm)	5.08	2.44*	12.37	5.93**	1.65	0.79
第一节间长FIL (cm)	6.16	2.26*	11.50	4.22**	3.68	1.35
第二节间长SIL (cm)	23.24	11.56**	8.07	4.01**	6.44	3.20**
第四节间长FOIL (cm)	96.27	11.93**	151.39	18.76**	8.24	1.02
主茎抗推力MSTR (kPa/stem)	9.58	2.04*	70.72	15.05**	8.79	1.87**
第二节重SIW (g)	0.01	3.54**	0.04	15.30**	0.01	3.31**
第二节间充实度SIF (mg·cm^-1)	534.45	6.75**	982.76	12.41**	561.16	7.09**
主茎鲜重FWMS (g)	13.42	6.93**	33.40	17.26**	2.65	1.37
茎粗SD (mm)	0.26	2.74**	2.01	21.21**	0.14	1.48
弯曲力矩BM (g·cm)	65344.53	4.74**	183373.08	13.30**	15601.34	1.13
秆型指数CTI (%)	0.03	6.00**	0.09	16.92**	0.01	1.61*

亲本 Parent	株高 PH (cm)	穗长 SL (cm)	第一节间长 FIL (cm)	第二节间长 SIL (cm)	第四节间长 FOIL (cm)	主茎抗推力 MSTR (kPa/stem)	第二节重 SIW (g)	第二节间充实度 SIF (mg·cm^-1)	主茎鲜重 FWMS (g)	茎粗 SD (mm)	弯曲力矩 BM (g·cm)	秆型指数 CTI (%)
M6445	1.25	1.18	8.08	-0.77	-4.62	8.00	6.06	-5.28	12.17	6.26	13.28	4.85
NZ42	-1.19	2.91	1.58	-1.61	0.04	11.68	-2.49	-8.78	-0.02	2.06	-1.41	3.76
H3015	1.81	2.86	6.20	-0.27	5.71	0.96	9.05	2.95	-6.54	-3.37	-4.63	-7.85
宁春55号 Ningchun55	-2.19	-3.89	-18.05	-3.19	-4.01	3.63	8.14	11.36	4.21	1.98	2.05	4.56
ZM604	0.30	-2.87	2.84	5.87	2.80	-24.27	-8.64	-0.25	-9.78	-7.02	-9.29	-8.35
N2038	4.40	0.52	-9.09	1.10	6.71	-0.51	-6.17	0.23	-1.86	-1.38	2.57	-6.94
永3602 Yong3602	1.00	-0.52	2.27	6.27	1.29	-14.42	1.27	-8.53	-11.14	-3.90	-10.26	-5.08
PJ627	2.45	-3.73	25.38	3.93	2.63	-2.12	1.12	-0.26	-3.12	-0.89	-0.74	-4.63
宁春50号 Ningchun50	2.42	-1.82	-5.58	3.96	5.18	5.61	-8.07	-4.73	-2.13	1.33	0.43	-1.94
M8887	-0.55	0.78	-4.37	2.11	-1.47	10.67	6.17	10.60	6.46	2.32	5.86	3.31
M7723	0.45	2.69	2.81	5.62	0.27	-4.83	-6.46	-4.40	-8.39	-3.16	-8.11	-4.73
永08选-1 Yong 08 xuan-1	-1.61	1.65	-2.92	-2.13	-4.93	1.51	39.76	2.63	10.60	3.26	8.93	1.02
MJ48	-1.34	-3.65	-6.29	-0.84	-2.00	2.38	15.01	2.57	8.49	2.42	6.94	3.78
NZ39	-7.27	4.43	-1.03	-19.98	-7.79	1.70	-20.82	1.88	1.16	-0.20	-5.63	9.77

Analysis of Heterosis and Combining Ability of Lodging Resistance Traits of Spring Wheat Varieties (Lines) in the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area

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父本 Male parent	母本 Female parent
父本 Male parent	M6445	NZ42	H3015	宁春55号 Ningchun55	ZM604
N2038	-23.69	15.66	10.75	-6.90	4.17
永3602 Yong3602	-12.31	1.96	10.35	2.05	-2.05
PJ627	5.17	-4.78	-2.27	0.38	1.50
宁春50号 Ningchun50	-16.19	-27.11	16.87	9.12	17.32
M8887	19.29	-12.72	-10.15	2.79	0.78
M7723	-3.16	13.45	-1.16	-9.91	0.78
永08选-1 Yong 08 xuan-1	8.96	-20.41	-7.41	4.55	14.32
MJ48	20.25	7.80	-2.79	6.33	-31.58
NZ39	1.69	26.14	-14.18	-8.41	-5.25

强优势组合 Strong heterosis combinations					弱优势组合 Weak heterosis combinations
组合 Combinations	主茎抗推力 MSTR (kPa/stem)	特殊配合力SCA	一般配合力GCA	父母本一般配合力之和 Sum of GCA	组合 Combinations	主茎抗推力MSTR (kPa/stem)	特殊配合力 SCA	一般配合力 GCA	父母本一般配合力之和 Sum of GCA
M6445×M8887	12.20	19.29	8.00 10.67	18.67	ZM604×MJ48	4.12	-31.58	-24.27 2.38	-21.89
ZM604×宁春50号 ZM604×Ningchun50	8.73	17.32	-24.27 5.61	-18.66	NZ42×永08选-1 NZ42×Yong 08 xuan-1	8.21	-20.41	11.68 1.51	13.19
H3015×宁春50号 H3015×Ningchun50	10.92	16.87	0.96 5.61	6.57	NZ42×宁春50号 NZ42×Ningchun50	7.98	-27.11	11.68 5.61	17.29
NZ42×NZ39	12.34	26.14	11.68 1.70	13.38	M6445×N2038	7.41	-23.69	8.00 -0.51	7.49
M6445×MJ48	11.55	20.25	8.00 2.38	10.38	M6445×永3602 M6445×Yong3602	7.19	-12.31	8.00 -14.42	-6.42
宁春55号×M8887 Ningchun50×M8887	10.36	2.79	3.63 10.67	14.30	ZM604×永3602 ZM604×Yong3602	5.24	-2.05	-24.27 -14.42	-38.69
ZM604×M8887	7.71	0.78	-24.27 10.67	-13.60	宁春55号×M7723 Ningchun55×M7723	7.86	-9.91	3.63 -4.83	-1.20
宁春55号×宁春50号 Ningchun55×Ningchun50	10.47	9.12	3.63 5.61	9.24	NZ42×PJ627	9.27	-4.78	11.68 -2.12	9.56

性状 Characters	株高 PH (cm)	主茎抗推力 MSTR (kPa/stem)
穗长SL (cm)	-0.2242	0.1882
第一节间长FIL (cm)	0.3241*	-0.0027
第二节间长SIL (cm)	0.6445**	-0.0204
第三节间长TIL (cm)	0.0193	0.2291
第四节间长FIL (cm)	0.6372**	-0.2812*
第二节重SIW (g)	0.3138*	-0.0105
第二节间充实度SIF (mg·cm^-1)	-0.2182	-0.0270
主茎鲜重FWMS (g)	-0.1729	0.6978**
茎粗SD (mm)	-0.2067	0.6851**
弯曲力矩BM (g·cm)	0.1065**	0.6655**
秆型指数CTI (%)	-0.6506**	0.4740**

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