维生素A和乙酸交互作用对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞中乳成分合成相关基因表达的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.21.016

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Our previous research found that vitamin A (VA) has a significant effect on promoting the expression of genes related to milk fat and milk protein synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). Based on this, this experiment was conducted by adding acetic acid (AA) to explore whether there is an interaction between VA and AA in the expression of genes related to milk composition synthesis, then gaining a more systematic understanding of the regulatory mechanism of VA involvement in milk fat and protein synthesis, this study would provide scientific basis for the rational addition of VA to feed for dairy cows and the improvement of milk quality.【Method】In this experiment, cells were cultured using digestive method of collagenase. Two factor completely randomized trial design was used in this study. The third generation BMECs was randomly divided into 6 treatment groups, with 6 replicates in each group. After starvation treatment of serum-free medium for 24 hours, medium with VA and AA at different concentrations was added, respectively. The six treatment groups were sequentially named as control group (0 mg·mL^-1VA+0 mol·L^-1 AA), AA treatment group 1 (0 mg·mL^-1VA+0.006 mol·L^-1 AA), AA treatment group 2(0 mg·mL^-1VA+0.01 mol·L^-1 AA), VA treatment group(0.001 mg·mL^-1VA+0 mol·L^-1 AA), VAAA1 group(0.001 mg·mL^-1VA+0.006 mol·L^-1 AA), and VAAA2 group(0.001 mg·mL^-1VA+0.01 mol·L^-1 AA). After 24 hours of continuous culture, the cells and culture medium were collected as required, and the cell proliferation rate was measured using MTT method; the content of triglycerides and the activities of key enzymes in milk fat and protein synthesis were measured using kits. The relative expression of genes related to milk fat and milk protein synthesis was measured and calculated by real-time quantitative PCR.【Result】The results showed that adding VA significantly increased the cell proliferation rate (P<0.001), but no significant effect on the cell proliferation rate was found followed by addition of AA or VA and AA (P>0.05). There was an interaction effect between VA and AA on milk fat synthesis. AA increased the triglyceride (TG) content in BMECs (P=0.01), but the addition of VA inhibited TG synthesis in the meantime (P=0.01). AA up-regulated the activities of fatty acid synthase (FASN) and acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACACA) as well as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARG) gene expression in BMECs (P<0.05; P<0.05; P<0.001), while significant inhibitory effect of VA was observed (P<0.001; P=0.01; P<0.01). AA significantly increased the content of mammalian rapamycin target protein (mTOR) (P=0.05), ribosome S6 protein kinase (S6K1) enzyme activity (P<0.001), and the gene expression of CSN3 in BMECs (P=0.02). VA and AA had an interaction effect on the gene expression of mTOR and CSN2, because the simultaneous addition of VA and AA attenuated the down-regulatory effect on mTOR and CSN2 gene expression after addition of VA or AA alone.【Conclusion】To sum up, AA treatment group 2 had a better promoting effect on milk fat synthesis, while VAAA2 group had a weaker effect; AA treatment group 1 had a better promoting effect on milk protein synthesis, while VAAA1 group had a weaker effect. Therefore, 0.01 mol·L^-1 of AA alone is better for promoting milk fat synthesis, while 0.006 mol·L^-1 of AA is more conducive to milk protein synthesis.

Key words: vitamin A, acetic acid, interaction, bovine mammary epithelial cells, milk composition

GUO YongMei, LIU Yang, WU Rui, YAN SuMei, ZHAO YanLi, GUO XiaoYu. Effect of Interaction Between Vitamin A and Acetic Acid on the Expression of Genes Related to Milk Composition Synthesis in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(21): 4344-4358.

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组别 Treatment	VA浓度 Concentration of vitamin A (mg·mL^-1)	AA浓度 Concentration of acetic acid (mol·L^-1)
对照组 Control	0	0
AA处理1组 AA treatment group 1	0	0.006
AA处理2组 AA treatment group 2	0	0.01
VA处理组VA treatment group	0.001	0
VAAA1组 VAAA1 group	0.001	0.006
VAAA2组 VAAA2 group	0.001	0.01

VA浓度 Concentration of vitamin A (mg·mL^-1)	AA浓度 Concentration of acetic acid (mol·L^-1)	细胞增殖率 RGR (%)	甘油三酯 TG (mg·mg^-1 pro)
0	0	1.00	0.014C
	0.006	0.95	0.044AB
	0.01	0.96	0.059A
0.001	0	1.16	0.025BC
	0.006	1.20	0.025BC
	0.01	1.10	0.011C
SEM		0.010	0.003
主效应 Main effect
VA	0	0.97a	0.037a
VA	0.001	1.15b	0.020b
AA	0	1.08	0.020b
	0.006	1.08	0.033a
	0.01	1.03	0.033a
P值 P value	VA	<0.001	0.01
	AA	0.48	0.01
	AA×VA	0.44	<0.01

VA浓度 Concentration of vitamin A (mg·mL^-1)	AA浓度 Concentration of acetic acid (mol·L^-1)	酶活性 Activity of enzymes (IU·mL^-1)
VA浓度 Concentration of vitamin A (mg·mL^-1)	AA浓度 Concentration of acetic acid (mol·L^-1)	乙酰辅酶A羧化酶 ACC	脂肪酸合成酶 FAS	硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶 SCD	脂蛋白酯酶 LPL
0	0	0.375BC	0.042BCD	0.039B	0.104B
	0.006	1.151A	0.075A	0.081AB	0.469A
	0.01	1.177A	0.068AB	0.043B	0.122B
0.001	0	0.663B	0.064ABC	0.061B	0.276AB
	0.006	0.275BC	0.037CD	0.070AB	0.213AB
	0.01	0.149C	0.019D	0.118A	0.368AB
SEM		0.086	0.005	0.007	0.038
主效应 Main effect
VA	0	0.901a	0.062a	0.054	0.232
VA	0.001	0.345b	0.040b	0.083	0.286
AA	0	0.506	0.053	0.050	0.190
	0.006	0.713	0.056	0.076	0.341
	0.01	0.663	0.043	0.080	0.245
P值 P value	VA	<0.001	0.01	0.06	0.43
	AA	0.19	0.39	0.10	0.20
	AA×VA	<0.001	<0.01	0.05	0.01

VA浓度 Concentration of vitamin A (mg·mL^-1)	AA浓度 Concentration of acetic acid (mol·L^-1)	酶活性 Activity of enzymes
VA浓度 Concentration of vitamin A (mg·mL^-1)	AA浓度 Concentration of acetic acid (mol·L^-1)	雷帕霉素靶蛋白 mTOR (pg·mL^-1)	p70核糖体蛋白S6激酶1 S6K1 (IU·mL^-1)
0	0	9.45	0.013
	0.006	11.05	0.018
	0.01	11.88	0.170
0.001	0	8.71	0.012
	0.006	9.18	0.014
	0.01	9.99	0.015
SEM		0.33	0.005
主效应 Main effect
VA	0	10.79a	0.016a
VA	0.001	9.30b	0.013b
AA	0	9.08a	0.012b
	0.006	10.11ab	0.016a
	0.01	10.94b	0.016a
P值 P value	VA	0.02	<0.001
	AA	0.05	<0.001
	AA×VA	0.66	0.19

Effect of Interaction Between Vitamin A and Acetic Acid on the Expression of Genes Related to Milk Composition Synthesis in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells

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