云南香格里拉不同海拔葡萄果皮酚类物质差异及成因分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.19.014

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Phenolic compounds are important secondary metabolites of wine grape, which have an important influence on the quality of grape and wine. In this study, the differences and genesis of phenolic substances in grape skins among different altitudes were studied combined with soil and climate factors, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the planting management of wine grapes at high altitudes region. 【Method】In the present research, Merlot wine grape was used as the test material. For three consecutive years (2020, 2021 and 2022), the differences of total phenols, flavonoids, tannins, total anthocyanins, the content of individual and non-individual anthocyanin components in grape skins at two altitudes (2 181, 2 300 m) at maturity stage were analyzed. Meanwhile, climate factors such as light, temperature and humidity at different altitudes were monitored during grape development, and the influences of climatic factors on phenolic substances of grape skins were analyzed. 【Result】There were no significant differences in the main mineral nutrients of the soils of the two altitude vineyards, and some differences in climatic factors, such as light, UV intensity, temperature and humidity. Altitude had a significant effect on the content of phenolic substances in grape skins. In the years of 2020-2022, the higher altitude was conducive to the accumulation of phenolic substances in grape skins. the content of total phenols, total tannin, total anthocyanins, most of the individual anthocyanins and the quercetin in berry skins were higher at the altitude of 2 300 m; compared with that at 2 181 m, the content of total tannin in grape skins at 2 300 m increased by 56.27%-174.49%. The flavonoid content at 2 181 m altitude were significantly higher than that at 2 300 m, with an increase of 32.25% to 79.48%. OPLS-DA analysis showed that, the main different compounds of phenolic compounds between the two altitudes were total tannin (TTC), total flavonoids (TFo), malvidin-3-glucoside (Mv), malvidin-3-acetly-glucoside (Mv-Ace), cyanidin-3- glucoside (Cy), and peonidin-3-glucoside (Pn). Grey correlation analysis showed that day-night temperature difference in grape growing season had a great effect on the content of total phenols and total flavonoids in grape skins. The content of total anthocyanins, individual anthocyanins and quercetin in skins were significantly affected by light and ultraviolet intensity. The content of three anthocyanins (Pt, Pn-Ace and Pn-Cou) and quercetin were mainly affected by the light intensity during grape veraison (July).【Conclusion】The climatic conditions of different altitudes, especially day-night temperature difference, light and ultraviolet intensity were the main factors causing the differences of phenolic content. The larger day-night temperature difference, stronger light and ultraviolet intensity at higher altitude were conducive to the accumulation of phenolic substances in grape skins.

Key words: grape, phenolic, altitude, climate factors, grey correlation analysis

ZHANG KeNan, YIN HaiNing, WANG JiaKui, CAO JianHong, XI ZhuMei. Differences and Genesis of Grape Phenolic Compounds Among Different Altitudes in Yunnan Shangri-la[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(19): 3879-3893.

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References 49

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海拔 Altitude (m)	土壤质地 Soil texture	pH	有机质 Organic matter (g∙kg^-1)	全氮 Total N (g∙kg^-1)	全磷 Total P (g∙kg^-1)	全钾 Total K (g∙kg^-1)	速效磷 Available P (mg∙kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg∙kg^-1)
2181	粉砂质壤土 Silty loam	7.34±0.01a	16.94±0.08a	1.45±0.05a	0.60±0.06a	16.15±0.04a	14.10±0.05a	317.11±0.67a
2300	粉砂质壤土 Silty loam	7.09±0.02b	17.08±0.07a	1.42±0.04a	0.75±0.004a	16.15±0.01a	14.32±0.17a	319.11±1.30a

年份 Years	海拔 Altitude (m)	黄烷醇类 Flavanols		黄酮醇类 Flavonols		羟基肉桂酸类 Hydroxycinnamic acids				羟基苯甲酸类 Hydroxybenzolic acids
年份 Years	海拔 Altitude (m)	儿茶素 Catechin	表儿茶素 Epicatechin	槲皮素 Quercetin	山奈酚 Kaempferol	绿原酸 Chlorogenic acid	咖啡酸 Caffeic acid	反式阿魏酸 Trans-ferulic acid	对香豆酸 P-coumaric acid	没食子酸 Gallic acid	原儿茶酸 Protocatechuic acid	香草酸 Vanillic acid	丁香酸 Syringic acid
2021	2 181	0.60±0.05a	0.58±0.01a	3.00±0.04b	1.84±0.02b	1.02±0.001a	0.90±0.01a	0.39±0.001a	0.40±0.001a	0.33±0.002a	0.54±0.002a	0.36±0.02a	0.35±0.001a
2021	2 300	0.59±0.02a	0.61±0.01a	4.06±0.13a	1.98±0.001a	1.03±0.03a	0.90±±0.001a	0.41±0.01a	0.41±0.002a	0.32±0.001a	0.55±0.003a	0.35±0.01a	0.35±0.01a
2022	2 181	0.52±0.05a	0.75±0.02b	2.89±0.10b	2.14±0.13a	1.00±0.001b	0.89±0.006a	0.40±0.002b	0.34±0.006b	0.32±0.001b	0.54±0.001a	0.37±0.005b	0.40±0.005a
2022	2 300	1.37±0.29a	0.98±0.04a	3.41±0.09a	2.25±0.46a	1.44±0.02a	1.01±0.07a	0.50±0.004a	0.40±0.001a	0.43±0.001a	0.53±0.02a	0.49±0.01a	0.45±0.04a

Differences and Genesis of Grape Phenolic Compounds Among Different Altitudes in Yunnan Shangri-la

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[2]	SHENG HongJie, LU SuWen, ZHENG XuanAng, JIA HaiFeng, FANG JingGui. Identification and Comparative Analysis of Metabolites in Grape Seed Based on Widely Targeted Metabolomics [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(7): 1359-1376.
[3]	SONG ZhiZhong, WANG JianPing, SHI ShengPeng, CAO JingWen, LIU WanHao, XU WeiHua, XIAO HuiLin, TANG MeiLing. Identification and Cloning of Ferritin Family Genes in Grape and Response to Compound Amino Acid-Iron Spraying During Different Fruit Developmental Stages [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(18): 3629-3641.
[4]	WANG Fei, XIAO YingKe, XUAN XuXian, ZHANG XiaoWen, LIU Fei, ZHA ZiXian, DAI MengTong, WANG XiCheng, WU WeiMin, FANG JingGui, WANG Chen. Identification of the VvmiR164s-VvNAC100 Action Module and Analysis of Their Expressions Responsive to Exogenous GA During Grape Ovary Development [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(10): 1966-1981.
[5]	ZHANG KeKun,CHEN KeQin,LI WanPing,QIAO HaoRong,ZHANG JunXia,LIU FengZhi,FANG YuLin,WANG HaiBo. Effects of Irrigation Amount on Berry Development and Aroma Components Accumulation of Shine Muscat Grape in Root-Restricted Cultivation [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(1): 129-143.
[6]	LÜ XinNing,WANG Yue,JIA RunPu,WANG ShengNan,YAO YuXin. Effects of Melatonin Treatment on Quality of Stored Shine Muscat Grapes Under Different Storage Temperatures [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(7): 1411-1422.
[7]	GUO ZeXi,SUN DaYun,QU JunJie,PAN FengYing,LIU LuLu,YIN Ling. The Role of Chalcone Synthase Gene in Grape Resistance to Gray Mold and Downy Mildew [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(6): 1139-1148.
[8]	WANG HuiLing, YAN AiLing, SUN Lei, ZHANG GuoJun, WANG XiaoYue, REN JianCheng, XU HaiYing. eQTL Analysis of Key Monoterpene Biosynthesis Genes in Table Grape [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(5): 977-990.
[9]	WANG Bo,QIN FuQiang,DENG FengYing,LUO HuiGe,CHEN XiangFei,CHENG Guo,BAI Yang,HUANG XiaoYun,HAN JiaYu,CAO XiongJun,BAI XianJin. Difference in Flavonoid Composition and Content Between Summer and Winter Grape Berries of Shine Muscat Under Two-Crop-a-Year Cultivation [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(22): 4473-4486.
[10]	LIU Xin,ZHANG YaHong,YUAN Miao,DANG ShiZhuo,ZHOU Juan. Transcriptome Analysis During Flower Bud Differentiation of Red Globe Grape [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(20): 4020-4035.
[11]	MA YuQuan,WANG XiaoLong,LI YuMei,WANG XiaoDi,LIU FengZhi,WANG HaiBo. Differences in Nutrient Absorption and Utilization of 87-1 Grape Variety Under Different Rootstock Facilities [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(19): 3822-3830.
[12]	JI XiaoHao,LIU FengZhi,WANG BaoLiang,LIU PeiPei,WANG HaiBo. Genetic Variation of Alcohol Acyltransferase Encoding Gene in Grape [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(14): 2797-2811.
[13]	YANG ShengDi,MENG XiangXuan,GUO DaLong,PEI MaoSong,LIU HaiNan,WEI TongLu,YU YiHe. Co-Expression Network and Transcriptional Regulation Analysis of Sulfur Dioxide-Induced Postharvest Abscission of Kyoho Grape [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(11): 2214-2226.
[14]	HAN Xiao, YANG HangYu, CHEN WeiKai, WANG Jun, HE Fei. Effects of Different Rootstocks on Flavonoids of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Tannat Grape Fruits [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(10): 2013-2025.
[15]	XU XianBin,GENG XiaoYue,LI Hui,SUN LiJuan,ZHENG Huan,TAO JianMin. Transcriptome Analysis of Genes Involved in ABA-Induced Anthocyanin Accumulation in Grape [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(1): 134-151.