Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (19): 3869-3878.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.19.013

• HORTICULTURE • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Nutritional Effects of Liquid Digestate on Tomatoes Grown in Facility Substrates

TENG YunFei1(), SHANG Bin1, TAO XiuPing2()   

  1. 1 Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Waste Management in Agricultural Structures, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081
    2 Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610000
  • Received:2023-03-23 Accepted:2023-07-21 Online:2023-10-01 Published:2023-10-08
  • Contact: TAO XiuPing

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Abstract:

【Objective】 The nutritional effects of liquid digestate on tomatoes in facility soilless cultivation were investigated, so as to provide scientific basis for the substrate cultivation application of biogas slurry. 【Method】 Here, tomato was used as subject, and the dual inputs of fertilizers (liquid digestate (D) and mineral fertilizer (M)) and soilless substrates (peat substrate (P) and cinder substrate (C)) consisted of four treatments. The parameters of tomato growth, photosynthesis and nutrients uptake were recorded during the experimental period, as well as the properties of substrates. 【Result】The tomato dry biomass under DP treatment was higher than that under MP treatment by 12.6%, and DC treatment was higher than MC treatment by 70.9%. However, the dry biomass under DP and MP treatments were significantly higher than that under DC and MC treatments (P<0.05). The Cond, Ci and Tr of tomato leaf under DP treatment was significantly higher than that under other treatments (P<0.05), and the greatest leaf photosynthetic rate was also observed under DP treatment of (18.17±0.47) µmol·m-2·s-1. Liquid digestate significantly increased the dry biomass and photosynthesis of tomato plants. The total N and total P content of plant under DP treatment were higher than that under MP treatment by 46.9% and 19.7%, respectively, and DC treatment were 1.38 and 2.45 times higher than MC treatment, respectively. Moreover, liquid digestate treatments significantly increased the pH value, organic matter and available phosphate content of substrates compared with chemical fertilizer treatments (P<0.05). The highest fruit yield was obtained under DP treatment of (6.0±0.4) kg·m-2, and the yields between DP and MP treatments had no significant difference. The liquid digestate treatments could significantly increase the soluble sugar content and vitamin C content in tomato fruits (P<0.05), and improve fruit quality. Meanwhile, the results of principal component analysis showed that DP treatment had the best overall performance, followed by MP and DC treatments, while MC treatment was the worst. 【Conclusion】The application of liquid digestate into peat substrate increased the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves and the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus of tomato plants, as well as the properties of substrate and the yield and quality of fruits. Therefore, the combination was recommended for use in facility tomato cultivation.

Key words: liquid digestate, soilless substrates, tomato, photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, substrate properties

Table 1

Characteristics of liquid digestate and two substrates"

名称
Name		 电导率
Electrical conductivity (ms∙cm-1)		 pH 总氮
Total nitrogen
(g·kg-1)		 氨氮
NH4+-N
(mg·L-1)		 有机质
Organic matter
(%)		 有效磷
Available phosphorus
(mg·kg-1)		 速效钾
Available potassium
(mg·kg-1)
沼液1) Liquid digestate 6.8±0.2 8.01±0.01 1000±40 813.3±6.4 213.0±3.0 232.5±0.7 697.0±2.8
草炭基质 Peat substrate 0.4±0.1 5.75±0.08 3.1±0.1 - 8.4±0.4 263.6±1.2 821.1±0.01
炉渣基质 Cinder substrate 0.29±0.01 7.88±0.14 0.2±0.05 - 1.5±0.04 18.0±0.05 37.7±1.2

Table 2

The amounts of fertilizers applied in all treatments"

处理
Treatment		 基肥
Base fertilizer (65%)		 追肥1)
Topdressing fertilizer (35%)
猪粪沼液+草炭基质（DP）
Liquid digestate applied on peat substrate		 2.06 L 0.35 L/次，10次
0.35 L/time, 10 times
化肥+草炭基质（MP）
Mineral fertilizer applied on peat substrate		 N: 2.06 g, P2O5: 1.91 g, K2O: 6.24 g 每次N: 0.35 g; P2O5: 0.12 g; K2O: 0.44 g，10次
N: 0.35 g, P2O5: 0.12 g, K2O: 0.44 g per time; 10 times
猪粪沼液+炉渣基质（DC）
Liquid digestate applied on cinder substrate		 5.91 L 0.35 L/次，10次
0.35 L/time, 10 times
化肥+炉渣基质（MC）
Mineral fertilizer applied on cinder substrate		 N: 5.91 g, P2O5: 2.60 g, K2O: 7.05 g 每次N: 0.35 g; P2O5: 0.12 g; K2O: 0.44 g，10次
N: 0.35 g, P2O5: 0.12 g, K2O: 0.44 g per time; 10 times

Fig. 1

Effect of liquid digestate on dry biomass of tomato plant Different letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05). The same as below"

Fig. 2

Effects of liquid digestate on tomato leaf photosynthetic parameters"

Table 3

Effects of liquid digestate on total nitrogen and chlorophyll content of tomato leaves"

处理
Treatment		 总N含量
Leaf total nitrogen (%)		 叶绿素含量
Chlorophyll content (mg·g-1 FW)		 叶绿素a/叶绿素b
Chl a/Chl b
DP 3.98±0.01c 1.10±0.03b 6.15±0.11b
MP 4.06±0.01b 1.15±0.03b 5.46±0.35c
DC 3.91±0.02d 1.28±0.13a 5.42±0.28c
MC 4.58±0.05a 1.35±0.03a 6.92±0.35a
显著性 Significant
肥料 Fertilizer * ns *
基质 Substrate * * ns
肥料×基质 Fertilizer×Substrate * ns *

Table 4

Effects of liquid digestate on the NPK content of plant at harvest time"

处理
Treatment		 根
Root (%)		 茎
Stem (%)		 叶
Leaf (%)		 果
Fruit (%)		 全株含量
Total-plant (g)
N
DP 2.99±0.04d 5.13±1.16a 4.76±0.80b 3.98±0.11b 11.27±1.44a
MP 3.46±0.04c 3.20±0.19b 3.99±0.26b 3.06±0.09c 7.67±0.28b
DC 4.49±0.05b 5.82±1.15a 6.28±1.05a 4.57±0.12a 9.64±1.32a
MC 5.05±0.17a 4.63±0.08ab 4.34±0.38b 2.84±0.05d 4.05±0.44c
P
DP 0.36±0.03b 0.45±0.13a 0.17±0.02bc 0.25±0.03b 0.73±0.09a
MP 0.20±0.02c 0.34±0.02a 0.22±0.02b 0.26±0.07b 0.61±0.02b
DC 0.53±0.03a 0.36±0.02a 0.33±0.04a 0.46±0.10a 0.76±0.11a
MC 0.13±0.01d 0.19±0.09b 0.13±0.06c 0.25±0.01b 0.22±0.02c
K
DP 1.10±0.01d 2.17±0.01c 1.04±0.02d 2.38±0.03c 5.37±0.55b
MP 1.78±0.02b 2.67±0.02b 2.34±0.03a 2.77±0.03a 6.14±0.19a
DC 1.38±0.03c 2.75±0.02a 1.61±0.02c 2.83±0.04a 4.50±0.83b
MC 2.08±0.04a 1.72±0.01d 2.13±0.01b 2.58±0.05b 2.44±0.20c

Table 5

The changes of physiochemical properties of substrates at different experimental stage among the treatments"

日期
Date		 处理
Treatment		 电导率
Electrical conductivity
(ms·cm-1)		 pH
 有机质
Organic matter
(%)		 总氮
Total nitrogen
(%)		 有效磷
Available phosphorus (g·kg-1)		 速效钾
Available potassium (g·kg-1)
定植后30 d
30 d (DAP)
 DP 0.95±0.01b 7.28±0.03a 5.08±0.03a 0.59±0.12a 0.20±0.02c 0.34±0.02bc
MP 0.84±0.01c 7.12±0.03b 4.85±0.05b 0.58±0.15a 0.62±0.01a 0.51±0.15a
DC 1.51±0.36a 7.10±0.02b 3.21±0.06c 0.20±0.08b 0.45±0.001b 0.48±0.04b
MC 0.91±0.12b 6.77±0.04c 1.74±0.15d 0.27±0.03b 0.09±0.001d 0.27±0.01c
定植后60 d
60 d (DAP)
 DP 1.50±0.01a 7.03±0.15a 5.09±0.07a 0.50±0.11b 0.47±0.001a 0.22±0.004b
MP 1.62±0.01a 6.67±0.23b 4.12±0.07b 0.69±0.10a 0.02±0.01d 0.48±0.01a
DC 1.10±0.11b 6.70±0.06b 4.46±0.39ab 0.19±0.02c 0.34±0.01b 0.15±0.03c
MC 1.20±0.01b 6.66±0.28b 3.96±0.46b 0.16±0.04c 0.05±0.001c 0.16±0.01c
定植后120 d
120 d (DAP)		 DP 1.06±0.02d 6.65±0.08b 6.65±0.37a 0.50±0.05b 0.65±0.002a 0.17±0.01bc
MP 1.98±0.05a 6.56±0.02c 5.58±0.04b 0.68±0.01a 0.21±0.01b 0.23±0.01a
DC 1.42±0.03c 6.77±0.03a 4.92±0.18c 0.45±0.04b 0.65±0.002a 0.19±0.001b
MC 1.53±0.02b 6.52±0.03c 3.59±0.06d 0.21±0.03c 0.04±0.01c 0.17±0.01c

Table 6

Effects of liquid digestate on the yield and quality of tomato fruit"

处理
Treatment		 产量
Yield
(kg·m-2)		 单果重
Fruit fresh weight
(g/plant)		 单株果实数
Fruit number
(no/plant)		 可溶性糖含量
Soluble sugar content (g·100 g-1 FW)		 维生素C
Vc content
(mg·100 g-1 FW)		 可溶性蛋白含量
Soluble protein content (mg·g-1)
DP 6.0±0.4a 177.1±8.4a 11.3±1.2ab 36.57±2.69a 0.10±0.01a 5.18±1.11c
MP 5.8±0.2a 145.3±3.4b 13.3±0.6a 32.07±2.29b 0.09±0.01a 4.43±1.97c
DC 3.4±0.5b 103.6±14.3c 10.0±2.0b 36.98±2.74a 0.10±0.01a 19.79±1.45a
MC 2.2±0.1c 96.7±3.3c 7.7±0.6c 23.28±1.16c 0.07±0.01b 12.43±2.25b

Fig. 3

Principal component analysis of liquid digestate on physiological and biochemical indexes of tomato cultivated in substrate"

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