Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (9): 1696-1707.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.09.007

• PLANT PROTECTION • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Cuticle Protein Genes are Involved in Phosphine Resistance of Cryptolestes ferrugineus

CHEH ErHu(), SHEN DanRong, DU WenWei, MENG HongJie, TANG PeiAn()   

  1. College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023
  • Received:2023-01-20 Accepted:2023-02-24 Online:2023-05-01 Published:2023-05-10

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Abstract:

【Objective】As an important structural component of insect cuticle, the cuticle protein (CP) plays an important role in the formation of cuticle penetration resistance to pesticides. The phosphine resistance of Cryptolestes ferrugineus is increasingly prominent, and the current study was conducted to reveal the roles of CP genes in the formation of phosphine resistance in C. ferrugineus.【Method】According to the phosphine bioassay method that recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the difference in phosphine sensitivity from five geographical populations (Zhangjiagang, Xiangyin, Huaian, Huaihua and Taicang populations) of C. ferrugineus was analyzed. The four CP genes were identified from the previous transcriptome data of C. ferrugineus, and then the phylogenetic tree of CPs was constructed and the corresponding amino acid sequence of C. ferrugineus CPs was further analyzed. Afterwards, the RT-qPCR was used to analyze the spatio-temporal (different developmental stages and different tissues of adults) expression patterns of four CP genes, and their expression levels under different phosphine resistance levels, as well as the expression patterns of four CP genes in response to phosphine stress were explored. Subsequently, a specific CP gene (CfRR2-1) was selected to be knocked down by using RNAi (RNA interference) technology, and the change of phosphine sensitivity of C. ferrugineus was determined.【Result】The results of phosphine sensitivity bioassay analysis showed that there were significant differences in phosphine resistance levels of different geographical populations, and the range of insecticide resistance ratio (RR) was 7.2-1 906.8. The further sequence analysis suggested that the four CPs all contained chitin binding domain, which belonged to the RR2 subfamily of CPR family, and they were named as CfRR2-1, CfRR2-2, CfRR2-3 and CfRR2-4, respectively. The gene expression patterns demonstrated that four CP genes were specifically highly expressed in the pupal stage of C. ferrugineus, and the high expression levels of four CP genes were detected in the peripheral tissues of C. ferrugineus as well. Besides, the CP genes were highly expressed in the phosphine resistant population (Taicang population, RR=1 906.8), and their expression levels could be significantly induced by phosphine in C. ferrugineus. Lastly, a CP gene CfRR2-1 was selected for the further functional study. After the gene expression level of CfRR2-1 was significantly knocked down in phosphine resistance (TC) population of C. ferrugineus via the injection of dsRNA, the sensitivity of C. ferrugineus to phosphine was significantly increased.【Conclusion】The over-expression of CP gene is involved in the formation of phosphine resistance.

Key words: Cryptolestes ferrugineus, phosphine resistance, cuticle protein, RNA interference (RNAi)

Table 1

Primer sequences used in this study"

引物类型Primer type 引物名称Primer name 引物序列Primer sequence (5′to 3′)
qPCR引物
Primers for qPCR		 CfRR2-1-F CGGACACACTGGAGACAAGA
CfRR2-1-R TCCATGAGTGGCTACGACAG
CfRR2-2-F CACCGTCAAAGGCCAATACT
CfRR2-2-R ATGACCAAGACCACCGAGTC
CfRR2-3-F TACCATACCCCAGCCCATTA
CfRR2-3-R TACAGCATGTCCCACACGTT
CfRR2-4-F TGCAGGCATTCTTGGATATG
CfRR2-4-R ACCATCAGGTTCAGCTACGG
CfRPS13-F ATCCGTAAGCATTTGGAACG
CfRPS13-R AGCCACTAAGGCTGAAGCTG
CfEFLα-F CCAGGCATGGTAGTGACCTT
CfEFLα-R TTGGAGGGTTGTTTTTGGAG
dsRNA引物
Primers for dsRNA		 dsCfRR2-1-F ggatcctaatacgactcactataggGTGATTGGAGGCGGAATTGG
dsCfRR2-1-R ggatcctaatacgactcactataggTCCACCTCCCAATCCAAGTC
dsGFP-F ggatcctaatacgactcactataggATGGTGAGCAAGGGCGAGA
dsGFP-R ggatcctaatacgactcactataggTTACTTGTACAGCTCGTCCA

Table 2

Determination of phosphine sensitivity in different C. ferrugineus geographical populations"

种群
Population		 采集地
Collection site		 抗性倍数
Resistance ratio
ZJG 张家港Zhangjiagang 7.2
XY 湘阴 Xiangyin 29.6
HA 淮安Huaian 325.4
HH 怀化Huaihua 362.7
TC 太仓Taicang 1906.8

Fig. 1

The phylogenetic tree and sequence structure of cuticle proteins in C. ferrugineus The red circles represent cuticle proteins in C. ferrugineus, black and red boxes represent signal peptide and conserved domains, respectively"

Fig. 2

The expression patterns of cuticle protein genes during different developmental stages in C. ferrugineus L1—L4： 1st-4th instar larva；PP： Pre-pupal stage；P： Pupal stage；A： Adult Data are mean±SD in the figure, and different lowercases on the bars indicate significant differences among different treatments (P<0.05, Tukey’s test)。The same as Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 6"

Fig. 3

The expression patterns of cuticle protein genes in different tissues of C. ferrugineus"

Fig. 4

The expression patterns of cuticle protein genes in different phosphine-resistant populations of C. ferrugineus"

Fig. 5

The expression patterns of cuticle protein genes of C. ferrugineus after phosphine treatments Data are mean±SD in the figure. Significant differences of the two treatments were analyzed using a Student’s t-test (* indicates significant difference at P<0.05 level)"

Fig. 6

Silence efficiency of CfRR2-1 and the change of sensitivity to phosphine after gene silencing"

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