长期覆膜和施用有机肥对黄土高原春玉米产量和品质的效应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.09.008

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of long-term film mulching and application of organic fertilizer on yield, quality, dry matter accumulation and nitrogen uptake of spring maize through long-term localized field experiments. 【Method】 The long-term experiment began in 2009 at the Changwu Agri-Ecological Station, and the samples were collected in 2020 and 2021. The field experiments were conducted with four treatments: mulching, no N (F), no mulching, N 225 kg·hm^-2 (N), mulching, N 225 kg·hm^-2 (FN), and mulching, N 225 kg·hm^-2 and apply organic fertilizer (FSN). Plant samples for measuring total biomass were collected at silking stage (R1) and harvest stage (R6). The samples were divided into different parts as required, and the total N content was determined. Crude protein, crude fat and crude amylum concentrations of maize grain were determined at harvest. 【Result】(1) Mulching under nitrogen application significantly increased the yield of spring maize, while additional application of organic fertilizer under mulching further increased the yield. Compared with the control, the N treatment increased the yield by 106%-176%. The FN treatment increased the yield by 21%-75% on this basis, and the FSN treatment was further increased by 5.6%-8.4%. (2) Mulching under nitrogen application significantly increased the dry matter accumulation and N uptake of spring maize, and the two indicators were further improved after the application of organic fertilizer. (3) The crude protein content under N treatment was 8.67%-8.94%, while the crude protein content under FN treatment increased to 8.99%-9.34%. The crude protein content of the FSN treatment was not further improved. There were no significant differences in crude fat and crude amylum content between the treatments. 【Conclusion】FN treatment significantly increased the yield and crude protein content of spring maize. The application of organic fertilizer under FSN further increased the yield on the basis of maintaining the crude protein content of the grain, and realized the high yield and high quality of spring maize.

Key words: spring maize, plastic mulching, organic fertilizer, yield, crude protein, crude fat, crude amylum

WEI YaNan, BO QiFei, TANG An, GAO JiaRui, MA Tian, WEI XiongXiong, ZHANG FangFang, ZHOU XiangLi, YUE ShanChao, LI ShiQing. Effects of Long-Term Film Mulching and Application of Organic Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Spring Maize on the Loess Plateau[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(9): 1708-1717.

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References 45

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	籽粒产量 Grain yield (t·hm^-2)	粗蛋白产量 Crude protein yield (kg·hm^-2)	粗脂肪产量 Crude fat yield (kg·hm^-2)	粗淀粉产量 Crude amylum yield (kg·hm^-2)
2020	F	4.24±0.12c	288.03±4.01c	176.97±9.50c	3225.54±83.98c
	N	11.74±0.46b	1049.63±56.59b	416.14±71.59b	8936.72±247.03b
	FN	14.19±0.85a	1324.72±73.28a	525.79±41.35a	10724.82±672.24a
	FSN	15.04±0.62a	1381.88±67.18a	568.47±22.15a	11413.28±453.80a
2021	F	4.94±0.31d	304.45±31.53d	249.34±17.81d	3777.38±227.24d
	N	10.24±0.43c	887.67±37.97c	486.72±39.63c	7822.29±339.45c
	FN	17.84±0.33b	1603.88±45.30b	781.28±50.38b	13613.83±123.91b
	FSN	19.34±0.17a	1791.63±76.01a	917.89±64.56a	14688.10±264.55a

	吐丝前吸氮量 Pre-silking N uptake	吐丝后吸氮量 Post-silking N uptake	总吸氮量 Total N uptake	粗蛋白含量 Crude protein content	粗脂肪含量 Crude fat content	粗淀粉含量 Crude amylum content
吐丝前吸氮量Pre-silking N uptake	1
吐丝后吸氮量Post-silking N uptake	0.489	1
总吸氮量Total N uptake	0.866**	0.860**	1
粗蛋白含量Crude protein content	0.807*	0.736*	0.894**	1
粗脂肪含量Crude fat content	-0.511	0.082	-0.252	-0.480	1
粗淀粉含量Crude amylum content	-0.632	-0.236	-0.505	-0.575	0.626	1

Effects of Long-Term Film Mulching and Application of Organic Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Spring Maize on the Loess Plateau

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