Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (16): 2824-2834.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.16.008

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Nutrients Use Efficiency Change of Chemical Fertilizers for Spring Maize in a Typical Black Soil

QIU ShaoJun1, LI Ning1, HE Ping1, WEI Dan2,3, JIN Liang2, ZHAO ShiCheng1, XU XinPeng1, ZHOU Wei1   

  1. 1 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081
    2 Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resource, Heilongjiang Academy of Agriculture and Science, Harbin 150086
    3 Institute of Plant Nutrient and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097
  • Received:2019-02-10 Accepted:2019-05-06 Online:2019-08-16 Published:2019-08-21

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Abstract:

【Objective】Reducing chemical fertilizer input and improving nutrients use efficiency are important agricultural strategies in China. In view of the declining soil fertility and acidification of black soil as the result of chemical fertilizers unbalanced application, the aim of this study was to explore reducing chemical fertilizers input and improving nutrients use efficiency in black soil, so as to promote the balanced utilization of chemical fertilizers in black soil in China.【Method】These treatments included no-fertilizer (CK), no N application (PK), no P application (NK), no K application (NP) and the combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium treatment (NPK). Crop yield, nutrients uptake, soil inorganic nitrogen, Olsen-P and NH4OAc-K were determined in typical black soils from 2013 to 2016. 【Result】 The yield of spring maize in Heilongjiang was about 10 t·hm -2 per year. The yields and nutrients uptake by aboveground per year under NPK treatment were significantly higher than those under CK or PK treatments except for the year of 2013. The recovery efficiency, agronomic efficiency and partial productivity of N, P and K in NPK treatment increased year by year except for the P agronomic efficiency in 2016. During the period of 2013-2016 under NPK treatment, the averaged recovery efficiency of N, P and K was 45.8%, 6.1% and 3.5%, respectively; the averaged agronomic efficiency of N, P and K were 23.2 kg·kg -1, 7.2 kg·kg -1 and 5.0 kg·kg -1, respectively; and the averaged partial productivity of N, P and K are 58.3 kg·kg -1, 133.2 kg·kg -1 and 97.7 kg·kg -1, respectively. Soil mineral nitrogen test showed the alternative frozen and thawed promoted soil organic nitrogen mineralization from post-harvested to pre-sown in the following year. The averaged nutrients balances in the experimental four years showed that the rate of N or P in NPK treatment could meet the demand of P, K for spring maize, soil N or P was in the balanced status on the whole, and the luxury uptake of K by aboveground resulted in the loss status of soil potassium.【Conclusion】The continuous four years experiment in the typical black soil region showed that P and K rate greatly reduced and the use efficient of P and K increased with stable spring maize yield kept, while no chemical N fertilizer application only maintained maize yield in the first year, the decrease of maize yield and the increase of N use efficient occurred in the following years.

Key words: chemical fertilizer, nutrients use efficiency, yield of spring maize, nutrients uptake, soil available nutrients, nutrients balance, black soil

Fig. 1

Month mean temperature and month total precipitation in Harbin from 2013 to 2016"

Table 1

Yield and harvest index of spring maize under different treatments from 2013 to 2016"

处理
Treatment		 产量Yield (t·hm-2) 收获指数Harvest index
2013 2014 2015 2016 平均
Average		 2013 2014 2015 2016 平均
Average
CK 8.4a 5.0c 4.9b 5.0b 5.8b 0.51a 0.50a 0.44b 0.45b 0.47b
PK 8.8a 5.1c 5.4b 5.5b 6.2b 0.54a 0.44b 0.43b 0.44b 0.46b
NK 8.5a 8.9b 9.7a 11.4a 9.6a 0.53a 0.53a 0.51a 0.53a 0.52a
NP 8.5a 9.4ab 10.0a 11.0a 9.7a 0.52a 0.51a 0.51a 0.51a 0.51a
NPK 8.3a 10.1a 10.7a 11.9a 10.2a 0.53a 0.52a 0.51a 0.52a 0.52a

Table 2

N, P, K uptake by aboveground under different treatments from 2013 to 2016"

处理
Treatment		 氮吸收量N uptake (kg N·hm-2) 磷吸收量P uptake (kg P·hm-2) 钾吸收量K uptake (kg K·hm-2)
2013 2014 2015 2016 平均
Average		 2013 2014 2015 2016 平均
Average		 2013 2014 2015 2016 平均
Average
CK 150.0a 62.7c 65.4c 59.9b 84.5c 35.6a 20.8b 28.7c 14.1c 24.8c 144.9a 71.7c 78.6d 55.5c 87.7c
PK 150.7a 66.1c 79.0c 64.7b 91.4c 35.1a 24.7b 33.8bc 16.4bc 27.5bc 141.8a 82.0c 97.4cd 70.5bc 97.9c
NK 143.4a 135.0b 164.3b 159.7a 148.7b 33.6a 31.8a 33.2bc 19.4bc 29.5b 141.9a 115.5b 114.5bc 85.9c 114.5b
NP 156.9a 149.6ab 185.2a 159.3a 162.9a 33.3a 34.1a 37.5ab 20.0b 31.2ab 152.3a 120.1ab 136.2ab 122.4a 132.8ab
NPK 151.4a 159.3a 193.9a 178.4a 169.3a 33.0a 35.5a 42.4a 26.4a 34.3a 150.1a 128.9a 143.4a 131.0a 138.3a

Fig. 2

Nitrogen, phosphor and potassium yield response and nutrient uptake response in NPK treatment from 2013 to 2016 Different letters denote significant difference among years at the 5% level. The same as Fig. 3"

Fig. 3

Nitrogen, phosphor and potassium use efficiency under NPK treatment from 2013 to 2016"

Fig. 4

NO3--N, NH4+-N and Nmin concentration above 90 cm soil depth at pre-sown(spring) and post-harvested(autumn) in different treatments from 2014 to 2016 Horizontal lines denote the significant difference at LSD0.05 level in each soil depth among different treatments"

Table 3

NO3--N, NH4+-N and Nmin content above 90 cm soil depth at pre-sown and post-harvested under different treatments from 2014 to 2016"

处理
Treatment		 2014 2015 2016
播前Pre-sown 收获Post-harvested 播前Pre-sown 收获Post-harvested 播前Pre-sown 收获Post-harvested
NO3--N NH4+-N Nmin NO3--N NH4+-N Nmin NO3--N NH4+-N Nmin NO3--N NH4+-N Nmin NO3--N NH4-N Nmin NO3--N NH4+-N Nmin
CK 120.4a 41.7b 162.2a 61.7a 5.0a 66.6a 41.3c 108.9b 150.2c 53.5b 31.6a 85.1bc 36.3a 3.7a 40.0a 18.3a 14.1a 32.5a
PK 114.7a 68.6ab 183.3a 73.2a 7.1a 80.3a 62.2c 102.6b 164.8bc 57.0b 3.3a 60.3c 43.7a 7.7a 51.4a 21.0a 6.3b 27.3a
NK 94.1a 87.8a 181.8a 65.2a 10.1a 75.3a 99.2ab 108.9b 208.2ab 107.4a 10.6a 118.0a 68.9a 4.9a 73.8a 43.3a 4.5b 47.8a
NP 121.5a 75.9ab 197.4a 72.5a 8.2a 80.8a 71.3bc 111.1ab 182.4bc 117.7a 8.2a 125.9a 60.7ab 5.5a 66.2a 33.9a 4.6b 38.5a
NPK 159.0a 100.4a 259.5a 77.0a 9.9a 86.9a 114.6a 130.8a 245.4a 68.7b 5.3a 74.0c 66.3a 4.9a 71.2a 36.6a 6.2b 42.9a

Table 4

Soil available phosphorus and available phosphorus content above 30 cm soil depth at pre-sown and post-harvested under different treatments from 2014 to 2016"

处理
Treatment		 速效磷Available Phosphorus 速效钾Available Potassium
2014 2015 2016 2014 2015 2016
播前
Pre-sown		 收获
Post-
harvested		 播前
Pre-sown		 收获
Post-
harvested		 播前
Pre-sown		 收获
Post-
harvested		 播前
Pre-sown		 收获
Post-
harvested		 播前
Pre-sown		 收获
Post-
harvested		 播前
Pre-sown		 收获
Post-
harvested
CK 78.9b 84.0c 65.2c 68.1c 43.0a 39.8a 698.7b 797.4a 551.5a 477.2bc 504.6a 489.8a
PK 147.9a 136.6b 125.4a 95.7a 54.7a 46.9a 901.1a 838.4a 581.5a 591.1a 513.7a 508.5a
NK 95.0b 82.7c 75.6c 77.6bc 46.1a 39.0a 795.0ab 826.8a 593.7a 531.1ab 530.2a 609.2a
NP 147.5a 132.1b 108.2ab 94.1a 50.3a 49.0a 761.9b 803.6a 559.2a 427.5c 504.9a 487.1a
NPK 154.7a 149.9a 101.4b 86.9ab 53.4a 50.2a 767.0ab 837.4a 587.6a 532.1ab 520.3a 508.1a

Table 5

Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balances in different treatments from 2013 to 2016"

处理
Treatment		 氮平衡N balance (kg N·hm-2) 磷平衡P balance (kg P·hm-2) 钾平衡K balance (kg K·hm-2)
2013 2014 2015 2016 平均
Average		 2013 2014 2015 2016 平均
Average		 2013 2014 2015 2016 平均
Average
CK 150.0a 62.7a 65.4a 59.9a 84.5a 35.6a 20.8b 28.7a 14.1b 24.8b 144.9a 71.7b 78.6b 55.5b 87.7b
PK 150.7a 66.1a 79.0a 64.7a 91.8a 1.5b -8.9d 0.1c -17.2d -6.1d 54.6b -5.1d 10.3d -16.7c 10.8e
NK -32.6b -41.0c -11.8c -16.3b -25.4c 33.6a 31.8a 33.2a 19.4a 29.5a 56.9b 24.5c 27.4d -1.2c 26.9d
NP -19.2b -26.4bc 9.2b -16.7b -13.3b -0.3b 0.5c 3.9bc -13.6d -2.4cd 152.3a 120.1a 136.2a 122.4a 122.1a
NPK -25.0b -16.8b 17.9b 2.4b -6.8b -0.6b 1.9c 8.2b -7.3c 0.5c 62.1b 37.3c 53.8c 43.9b 41.7c
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