长期不同施肥处理黑土磷的吸附-解吸特征及 对土壤性质的响应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.21.015

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Fertilizer is generally added to agricultural soil to meet the needs of crop production, but long-term over fertilization changes soil phosphorus (P) pool and soil properties. This study evaluated the characteristics change of P adsorption and desorption and its response to soil properties under long-term fertilization, to do a favor to provide theoretical basis of rational fertilizer application and improve the P availability of black soil.【Method】 Four treatments, including no fertilizer (CK), urea and potash sulphate (NK), urea, super-calcium phosphate and potash sulphate (NPK), and NPK plus pig manure (NPKM), were investigated in a 21-year (1989-2010) long-term fertilization experiment at Gongzhuling (Jilin Province) of China. The crop of cropping system was maize. Soil samples were collected in 1990, 2000 and 2010 at 0-20 cm depth to analyze soil properties and to measure soil P adsorption and desorption characteristics. Langmuir equation was used to fit the P adsorption curve, and then the maximum adsorption capacity (Q_max), adsorption constant (K), buffering capacity of soil P (MBC), and P sorption saturation (DPS) were calculated according to Langmuir equation.【Result】 There was a good fitness between the P adsorption curve and Langmuir equation (R ²=0.93-0.99, P＜0.01). There existed difference for P adsorption and desorption characteristic under the four treatments. Over time, compared with initial year, for CK and NK treatments, the Q_max value increased by 1.83 and 1.61 times, MBC value increased by 0.80% and 49.40%, DPS value decreased by 92.04% and 87.50%, Readily Desorbable Phosphorus (RDP) value decreased by 20.00% and 82.83%, respectively; for NPK treatment, Q_max and DPS value increased by 81.87% and 79.56%, MBC and RDP value decreased by 79.37% and 48.57%, respectively, while under NPKM treatment, the Q_max and MBC value decreased by 33.35% and 78.52%, DPS and RDP values increased by 11.36 and 1.48 times, respectively. After 21 years experiments, compared with CK and NPK treatments, the Q_max and MBC value of NPKM treatment decreased by 64.66% and 49.52%, 81.87% and 79.56%, respectively; the DPS and RDP value of NPKM treatment increased by 110 and 3.81 times, 4.36 times and 78.57%, respectively. Compared with other treatments, the Total-P, Olsen-P, soil organic matter (SOM) and CaCO₃ contents increased and SSA decreased significantly, but the pH, free Fe₂O₃and Al₂O₃value kept unchanged under NPKM treatment. RDA test showed that SOM and Total-P were the main factors that explained 49.5% and 18.7% of the total variation (P＜0.05) which caused the difference of P adsorption desorption characteristic parameters among four treatments.【Conclusion】 Long-term combination of NPK fertilizers with manures could significantly increase SOM and P accumulation contents, decrease the soil adsorption capacity and increase desorption capacity, and improve P availability in soil, but it significantly increased the DPS value, easily thereby caused the risk of phosphorus loss. Therefore, various management practices and inorganic and organic P fertilizer input amounts should be considered to reduce P losses from this area.

Key words: long-term fertilization, black soil, P adsorption and desorption, soil properties

WANG Qiong,ZHAN XiaoYing,ZHANG ShuXiang,PENG Chang,GAO HongJun,ZHANG XiuZhi,ZHU Ping,GILLES Colinet. Phosphorus Adsorption and Desorption Characteristics and Its Response to Soil Properties of Black Soil Under Long-Term Different Fertilization[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(21): 3866-3877.

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References 54

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处理 Treatment	无机肥 Inorganic N-P₂O₅-K₂O (kg·hm^-2)	猪粪 Pig manure
处理 Treatment	无机肥 Inorganic N-P₂O₅-K₂O (kg·hm^-2)	用量 Dosage (t·hm^-2)	N-P₂O₅-K₂O (kg·hm^-2)
CK	0-0-0	-	-
NK	165-0-68	-	-
NPK	165-36-68	-	-
NPKM	50-36-68	23-30	115-39-77

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	Langmuir 曲线方程 Langmuir equation	相关系数 R²	最大吸附量 Maximum adsorption capacity (Q_max) (mg·kg^-1)	吸附亲和力常数 Adsorption constant K	最大缓冲容量 Max buffering capacity of soil P (MBC) (mg·kg^-1)	吸附饱和度 Phosphorus sorption saturation (DPS) (%)
1990	CK	C/Q=0.0091Q+0.0778	0.9905	109.96	0.12	12.85	9.71a
	NK	C/Q=0.0058Q+0.0913	0.9796	170.71	0.06	10.95	6.16a
	NPK	C/Q=0.0083Q+0.0179	0.9778	120.34	0.46	55.75	8.86a
	NPKM	C/Q=0.0060Q+0.0914	0.9300	165.34	0.07	10.94	6.58a
2000	CK	C/Q=0.0035Q+0.0558	0.9732	283.45	0.06	17.91	1.17b
	NK	C/Q=0.0038Q+0.0533	0.9520	259.47	0.07	18.77	2.05b
	NPK	C/Q=0.0058Q+0.0371	0.9611	171.50	0.16	26.94	12.59ab
	NPKM	C/Q=0.0770Q+0.0198	0.9751	130.01	0.39	50.42	55.62a
2010	CK	C/Q=0.0032Q+0.0799	0.9821	311.82a	0.04	12.96a	0.73c
	NK	C/Q=0.0024Q+0.0600	0.9985	446.23a	0.04	16.36a	0.77c
	NPK	C/Q=0.0046Q+0.0917	0.9533	218.29ab	0.05	11.5a	16.90b
	NPKM	C/Q=0.0050Q+0.5000	0.9425	110.19b	0.01	2.35b	81.33a
	P value		**	*	NS	*	*

指标 Parameter	CK	NK	NPK	NPKM	P值 P value
全磷Total-P (g·kg^-1)	0.56±0.0536b	0.56±0.1037b	0.60±0.0448b	0.94±0.2153a	*
有效磷Olsen-P (mg·kg^-1)	5.42±0.6431c	6.35±0.1641c	22.99±2.5584b	81.95±4.0825a	*
有机质SOM (g·kg^-1)	21.58±1.6196b	23.77±2.4263b	24.28±2.4191b	29.91±3.2205a	*
酸碱度pH	7.42±0.0504a	6.63±0.1667b	6.38±0.1938b	7.25±0.0764a	*
比表面积SSA (m²·g^-1)	19.82±0.8184a	15.76±2.7509a	17.06±2.8656a	6.25±0.7227b	*
游离氧化铁Free Fe₂O₃ (g·kg^-1)	8.66±0.8741	8.74±1.0689	8.55±0.7679	8.02±1.0075	NS
游离氧化铝Free Al₂O₃ (g·kg^-1)	2.00±0.1927	1.97±0.2463	1.94±0.1550	1.80±0.1898	NS
碳酸钙CaCO₃ (g·kg^-1)	16.35±0.9500a	13.40±0.9000b	13.90±0.3000b	17.80±0.3000a	*

	SOM	SSA	pH	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	CaCO₃	Total-P	Q_max	K	MBC	DPS
SSA	-0.592
pH	-0.040	-0.129
Al₂O₃	-0.041	-0.181	-0.159
Fe₂O₃	0.077	-0.218	-0.248	0.954**
CaCO₃	0.353	-0.541	0.719**	-0.134	-0.150
Total-P	0.678*	-0.656*	0.222	-0.198	-0.251	0.581*
Q_max	-0.749*	0.624*	0.018	-0.401	-0.401	-0.408	-0.634*
K	0.508	-0.351	-0.144	0.273	0.378	0.005	0.019	-0.447
MBC	0.376	-0.230	-0.199	0.217	0.346	-0.095	-0.145	-0.248	0.969**
DPS	0.815**	-0.565	0.197	-0.463	-0.400	0.568*	0.877**	-0.511	0.146	0.042
RDP	0.760*	-0.744**	0.306	-0.343	-0.249	0.658*	0.752**	-0.499	0.342	0.250	0.913**

Phosphorus Adsorption and Desorption Characteristics and Its Response to Soil Properties of Black Soil Under Long-Term Different Fertilization

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