Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (22): 4750-4760.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.22.004

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY·AGRICULTURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Different Plastic Film Mulching and Using Patterns on Soil Water Use of Maize in Arid Irrigated Area of Northwestern China

YIN Wen(),GUO Yao,FAN Hong,FAN ZhiLong,HU FaLong,YU AiZhong,ZHAO Cai,CHAI Qiang()   

  1. College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070
  • Received:2021-01-18 Accepted:2021-06-02 Online:2021-11-16 Published:2021-11-19
  • Contact: Qiang CHAI E-mail:yinwen@gsau.edu.cn;chaiq@gsau.edu.cn

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Abstract:

【Objective】Water resource scarcity is one of the most prominent constraints for agricultural production in arid irrigation areas, so maize production are mainly mulched with traditional plastic film. However, this process is increasingly challenged by extreme high-temperature and ecological environment pollution. This study investigated the feasibility of maintaining high water use via no tillage with plastic film reusing pattern, and the aim was to prove the theoretical support for the construction of efficient maize production technology with plastic film reduction.【Method】In 2017 and 2018, a field experiment was carried out in Hexi oasis irrigation region from Gansu province to determine the effects of different plastic film mulching and using patterns on soil water utilization of maize field. The treatments included no tillage with plastic film reusing pattern (no tillage with plastic film mulching, NM), no tillage in fall and new plastic film mulching in spring (reduced tillage with plastic film mulching, RM), and conventional tillage with annual new plastic film mulching (conventional tillage with plastic film mulching, the control, CM). 【Result】Compared with CM, the mean soil weight moisture content across the 0-120 cm soil depth was increased by 7.5% and 5.1% with NM and RM before the maize sowing, respectively, which created a good soil moisture environment for sowing of maize. NM had greater mean soil weight moisture content across the 0-120 cm soil depth by 5.0% and 4.7% than thant that under CM from sowing to jointing and silking to early-filling stages, respectively, which made up for the abundant demand of soil moisture for the vigorous growth of maize filling stage. Evapotranspiration under NM was increased until maize big-flare stage, decreased from maize silking to early-filling stage, and increased after maize early-filling stage, which was effectively coordinated with water demand contradiction of maize at each growth stages. Compared with RM and CM, NM increased soil evaporation before silking stage by 11.7% and 26.0%, and increased the ratio of soil evaporation to evapotranspiration (E/ET) by 13.4% and 19.9%, respectively. However, NM reduced soil evaporation after silking stage by 9.2% and 19.4%, and reduced E/ET by 9.7% and 20.7%, respectively. The results indicated that NM was beneficial to enhance the effective utilization of soil water after maize silking stage. Therefore, NM with no tillage and plastic film reduction obtained the same grain yield and water use efficiency for RM and CM.【Conclusion】The results showed that no tillage with plastic film reusing pattern did not lead to a decrease in the grain yield and water use efficiency of maize, compared with conventional tillage with annual new plastic film mulching, but it stabilized grain yield and water use efficiency, thus, this practice was a feasible measure to reduce plastic film input and stabilize productivity of maize production in the arid irrigated area of northwestern China.

Key words: maize, no tillage, plastic film mulching, evapotranspiration characteristics, yield

Table 1

Soil physical and chemical properties across 0-60 cm soil depth at arid irrigated of northwestern China"

土层深度
Soil depth (cm)		 容重
Bulk density
(g·cm-3)		 萎蔫点
Wilting point
(%)		 田间持水量
Field capacity
(%)		 土壤养分含量Soil nutrition content (g·kg-1)
土壤有机质
Organic matter		 全氮
Total nitrogen		 全磷
Total phosphorous
0-20 1.46 6.7 20.2 14.8 0.78 1.17
20-40 1.53 9.6 23.4 14.4 0.76 1.14
40-60 1.54 10.2 26.2 13.5 0.70 1.10

Table 2

The specific arrangement sequence under different plastic film mulching and using patterns"

试验类别 Experimental category 年份 Year 处理设计 Treatment design
预备试验Preliminary experiment 2013 传统覆膜CM 传统覆膜CM 传统覆膜CM
实施试验 Experiment implementation 2014 免耕覆膜NM 少耕覆膜RM 传统覆膜CM
2015 少耕覆膜RM 免耕覆膜NM 传统覆膜CM
2016 免耕覆膜NM 少耕覆膜RM 传统覆膜CM
2017 少耕覆膜RM 免耕覆膜NM 传统覆膜CM
2018 免耕覆膜NM 少耕覆膜RM 传统覆膜CM

Fig. 1

Dynamics of soil weight moisture content at 0-120 cm soil depth of maize field under different plastic film mulching and using patterns Error bars above the curves indicate the value of LSD and arrows show different irrigation dates in the figure. The same as below"

Fig. 2

Vertical changes of mean soil weight moisture content at 0-120 cm soil depth of before sowing, after harvesting, and whole growth stage for maize field under different plastic film mulching and using patterns Error bars on the right side of the curves indicate the value of LSD in the figure"

Fig. 3

Dynamics of soil evaporation of maize field under different plastic film mulching and using patterns"

Table 3

Evapotranspiration (ET) and the ratio of soil evaporation to evapotranspiration (E/ET) for maize at each of growth stage under different plastic film mulching and using patterns"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 玉米生育阶段 Maize growth stage 全生育期
Whole growth period
播种—拔节
Sowing-jointing		 拔节—大喇叭口期
Jointing-big flare		 大喇叭口期—吐丝期
Big flare-silking		 吐丝期—灌浆初期
Silking-early filling		 灌浆初期—收获期
Early filling-harvesting
ET
(mm)		 E/ET
(%)		 ET
(mm)		 E/ET
(%)		 ET
(mm)		 E/ET
(%)		 ET
(mm)		 E/ET
(%)		 ET
(mm)		 E/ET
(%)		 ET
(mm)		 E/ET
(%)
2017 NM 108a 50.5a 128a 27.3a 88a 41.1a 89b 33.8b 219a 16.1c 633a 30.2a
RM 105a 45.8b 132a 22.9b 92a 37.7b 94ab 35.4b 212ab 19.0b 635a 29.4a
CM 98b 41.1c 120b 22.3b 91a 35.1c 99a 38.3a 203b 22.7a 612a 30.0a
2018 NM 97a 56.4a 118a 32.9a 93b 29.7a 134b 22.9a 277a 17.8c 720a 28.0a
RM 92b 51.6b 120a 27.6b 101a 27.1b 138ab 21.2b 272ab 21.0b 723a 26.9a
CM 82c 50.1b 110b 26.1c 100a 26.9b 142a 23.7a 264b 23.5a 698a 27.6a

Fig. 4

Grain yield and water use efficiency of maize under different plastic film mulching and using patterns Different letters represent significant difference between treatments at 0.05 level"

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