Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (19): 4033-4047.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.19.001

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Genome-Wide Association Study of Grain Quality Related Characteristics of Spring Wheat

YAN YongLiang1,2(),SHI XiaoLei2,ZHANG JinBo2,GENG HongWei3,XIAO Jing2,LU ZiFeng2,NI ZhongFu1,CONG Hua2()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193
    2Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091
    3College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Technology, Urumqi 830052
  • Received:2021-02-01 Accepted:2021-03-17 Online:2021-10-01 Published:2021-10-12
  • Contact: Hua CONG E-mail:yanliang198279@163.com;huacong0924@126.com

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Abstract:

【Objective】Identify SNPs and candidate genes that are significantly related to wheat grain quality traits, and reveal their genetic mechanism. 【Method】In this study, 298 introduced varieties (lines), Xinjiang landrace (lines) and Xinjiang bred varieties (lines) were used for an association population. Seven grain quality traits, including protein content (PRC), wet gluten content (WGC), sedimentation value (SV), starch content (STC), grain hardness (GH), flour yield (FY) and test weight (TW), were measured under five environments. Based on phenotypes of seven quality traits and genotypes of 55K SNP markers in this population, the Q+K association mixed model was used for genome-wide association analysis to obtain significantly associated SNP loci.【Result】The coefficients of variation of the seven grain quality traits of introduced varieties (lines), landraces and bred varieties (lines) under different environments were 1.3%-13.4%, 1.1%-18.6% and 1.0%-13.9%, respectively. Among them, the protein content, wet gluten content and sedimentation value of introduced varieties (lines) have the highest coefficient of variation (CV); Xinjiang bred varieties (lines) have the largest CV of starch content, grain hardness and flour yield. Whereas, for other six grain quality traits, including protein content, wet gluten content, sedimentation value, starch content, grain hardness, and the coefficients of variation of Xinjiang landraces are all between those of the introduced varieties (lines) and Xinjiang bred varieties (lines). Population structure analysis showed that 298 wheat varieties (lines) can be divided into 3 subgroups. Subgroup 1 contains 128 (43.0%) the materials mainly from landrace (lines); Subgroup 2 has 24 (8.1%) materials, mainly including introduced varieties (lines) and landraces; Subgroup 3 contains 146 (48.9%) materials, mainly introduced varieties (lines). The linkage disequilibrium analysis showed that the LD attenuation distances of the A, B and D genomes and the whole genome respectively were 10, 10, 6 and 8 Mb, according to the LD attenuation distance of the whole genome, the loci in the 8 Mb interval after the physical map were identified as a candidate loci. A total of 85 loci were simultaneously detected in two or more environments, that were significantly associated with 7 wheat grain quality traits detected by GWAS, with a contribution rate of 3.7%-10.9%. Stable SNPs associated with multiple traits were detected on chromosomes 1B, 1D, 2D, 3A, 3D, 4A, 4B, 5A, 6A, 6D, 7A and 7D. Among them, AX-109452823-AX-110545157 on chromosome 7A is related to protein content, starch content, wet gluten content, sedimentation value, flour yield and grain hardness, and was detected across four environments. Candidate genes at stable loci associated with multiple traits were searched, and 10 candidate genes that might be related to wheat grain quality were screened. Among them, TraesCS4A01G299800 (cationic amino acid transporter), TraesCS7A01G059500 (tryptophan decarboxylase), TraesCS7A01G331200, TraesCS7D01G418700 (xyloglucan endoglucosylase/hydrolase) play important roles in regulating the amino acid content in wheat grains.【Conclusion】The 85 loci were simultaneously detected in two or more environments, and 10 candidate genes related to wheat grain quality traits were predicted.

Key words: wheat, quality traits, genome-wide association analysis, SNP, candidate genes

Table 1

Phenotypic variation of quality traits of wheat in spring wheat"

性状
Trait		 环境
Environment		 最大值 Max 最小值 Min 平均值 Mean 标准差 SD 变异系数 CV (%)
外引种
Introduced varieties		 地方种
Xinjiang landrace		 育成种
Xinjiang bred varieties		 外引种
Introduced varieties		 地方种
Xinjiang landrace		 育成种
Xinjiang bred varieties		 外引种
Introduced varieties		 地方种
Xinjiang landrace		 育成种
Xinjiang bred varieties		 外引种
Introduced varieties		 地方种
Xinjiang landrace		 育成种
Xinjiang bred varieties		 外引种
Introduced varieties		 地方种
Xinjiang landrace		 育成种
Xinjiang bred varieties
蛋白质
含量
PRC
(%)		 E1 22.60 22.03 19.79 13.96 13.40 14.22 18.67 16.53 16.81 1.70 1.71 1.51 9.13 10.36 8.98
E2 21.40 23.24 19.97 14.72 13.18 12.93 17.95 16.16 15.80 1.42 1.87 1.15 7.89 11.60 7.27
E3 22.02 22.79 18.84 13.92 13.24 13.48 17.61 16.17 15.45 1.38 1.48 1.14 7.84 9.12 7.40
E4 20.79 21.83 19.71 13.99 12.37 13.18 16.60 16.18 15.85 1.42 1.58 1.15 8.54 9.74 7.28
E5 23.13 22.72 18.51 15.03 15.16 14.59 18.59 17.68 16.45 1.35 1.39 0.91 7.26 7.87 5.54
湿面筋
含量
WGC
(%)		 E1 51.27 50.05 45.15 31.90 29.18 31.43 42.03 36.76 37.93 3.88 4.19 3.29 9.23 11.40 8.68
E2 48.52 52.90 45.46 33.19 28.44 27.97 40.39 35.88 35.80 3.33 4.57 2.72 8.23 12.73 7.61
E3 50.05 52.44 43.09 31.76 28.97 29.88 39.90 36.09 35.35 3.21 3.58 2.66 8.05 9.93 7.52
E4 46.74 49.74 44.84 31.84 26.92 29.13 37.61 36.17 36.14 3.18 3.76 2.67 8.46 10.39 7.39
E5 52.26 51.98 40.80 34.31 33.33 32.40 41.84 39.54 37.67 3.11 3.41 2.07 7.42 8.61 5.51
沉降值
SV
(mL)		 E1 62.27 63.12 51.69 31.06 26.64 30.23 46.69 39.78 39.17 6.00 6.40 4.82 12.86 16.08 12.31
E2 58.03 60.47 45.38 30.57 23.30 25.38 42.61 35.93 34.05 4.74 6.68 3.63 11.13 18.58 10.67
E3 56.52 59.74 42.38 27.60 22.37 23.75 38.62 34.86 30.38 5.19 5.90 4.22 13.44 16.93 13.88
E4 50.56 57.78 43.56 25.21 18.66 25.09 38.54 35.72 32.19 4.83 6.40 3.98 12.52 17.93 12.37
E5 56.48 64.21 47.12 26.42 29.08 28.06 38.32 39.66 35.16 4.90 5.36 3.63 12.78 13.51 10.32
淀粉
含量
STC
(%)		 E1 72.62 72.24 72.87 61.06 57.76 65.01 66.35 68.71 69.51 2.46 2.35 1.51 3.71 3.42 2.17
E2 72.35 72.92 73.93 61.90 61.81 65.98 68.22 70.07 70.78 1.89 1.74 1.32 2.77 2.49 1.86
E3 71.73 71.50 72.66 60.33 62.54 66.05 67.45 68.27 70.24 1.77 1.63 1.28 2.62 2.39 1.82
E4 73.21 73.24 72.89 64.26 60.94 65.63 69.27 69.14 69.98 1.84 1.85 1.33 2.65 2.68 1.91
E5 70.07 70.25 70.54 59.80 61.63 66.97 65.90 66.75 68.69 1.75 1.75 0.93 2.65 2.62 1.36
籽粒
硬度
GH
(%)		 E1 75.02 69.37 75.17 51.99 49.51 55.72 61.66 58.76 65.97 4.99 4.36 4.09 8.10 7.42 6.20
E2 76.16 72.29 73.20 53.60 51.13 53.75 66.02 59.51 67.24 5.14 5.36 4.09 7.79 9.00 6.07
E3 69.44 67.07 70.07 53.35 49.54 54.14 61.56 56.27 64.42 3.92 3.97 3.34 6.37 7.05 5.18
E4 77.10 70.26 68.89 53.03 49.70 52.78 68.67 57.63 63.44 5.38 4.57 3.57 7.83 7.92 5.62
E5 70.30 73.12 70.65 45.98 48.64 53.29 57.97 55.55 63.51 5.56 4.28 3.66 9.59 7.70 5.76
出粉率
FY (%)		 E1 74.36 73.44 75.22 62.39 57.47 66.46 68.42 69.57 72.06 2.71 2.19 1.82 3.96 3.14 2.52
E2 80.24 77.06 76.73 68.37 68.37 71.28 73.09 72.46 74.78 2.00 1.55 1.27 2.73 2.14 1.70
E3 77.41 74.34 74.16 67.10 66.82 69.34 71.12 69.89 72.51 1.59 1.41 1.22 2.24 2.02 1.68
E4 76.55 75.40 76.93 68.18 67.33 69.93 72.43 70.84 73.18 1.77 1.55 1.34 2.44 2.19 1.82
E5 75.38 74.65 73.72 67.38 64.45 67.53 71.20 68.55 70.51 1.68 1.56 1.34 2.36 2.28 1.90
容重
TW (g·L-1)		 E1 823.25 821.55 828.75 751.62 732.95 779.65 790.40 794.85 804.72 15.07 13.20 11.08 1.91 1.66 1.38
E2 840.12 825.69 824.17 770.63 777.00 778.85 805.11 801.52 799.75 13.32 9.81 10.82 1.65 1.22 1.35
E3 818.22 817.23 825.58 756.64 771.87 788.60 796.16 795.10 804.40 10.67 9.08 8.39 1.34 1.14 1.04
E4 839.55 817.75 818.78 763.24 758.88 758.43 812.36 793.52 783.93 14.49 9.79 11.88 1.78 1.23 1.52
E5 824.60 821.85 822.48 774.59 764.13 771.23 796.36 796.72 797.77 11.27 9.84 9.69 1.42 1.24 1.21

Table 2

Analysis of variance of quality traits of spring wheat"

性状
Trait		 基因型
Genotype		 环境
Environment		 基因型×环境
G×E		 重复
Replicate		 误差
Error		 遗传力
H2
蛋白质含量PRC 30.50*** 323.25*** 2.71*** 28.92*** 0.94*** 0.92
湿面筋含量WGC 173.71*** 1575.75*** 14.49*** 138.56*** 5.07*** 0.92
沉降值SV 396.29*** 5503.76*** 38.53*** 482.08*** 12.76*** 0.91
淀粉含量STC 42.33*** 1067.05*** 4.58*** 50.85*** 1.38*** 0.90
籽粒硬度GH 406.19*** 4375.56*** 20.43*** 20.52*** 3.83*** 0.95
出粉率FY 41.49*** 1793.73*** 4.76*** 5.17*** 0.91*** 0.89
容重TW 1308.20*** 7599.86*** 267.46*** 247.03*** 54.04*** 0.82

Fig. 1

Population structure analysis of 298 wheat varieties (lines) A: Estimation of ∆K value in population; B: Group structure diagram"

Fig. 2

Linkage disequilibrium plot"

Table 3

Stable locus information with significant correlation of spring wheat quality traits"

性状
Trait		 位点
Marker		 染色体
Chr.		 物理位置
Position (Mb)		 P值
P value		 表型贡献率
R2 (%)		 环境
Environment
沉降值
SV (mL)		 AX-109923777 1B 335.51 1.25E-05—4.48E-05 6.96—7.83 E4, E5
AX-109389304 1B 445.67 6.44E-05—4.57E-04 5.49—6.79 E4, E5
AX-94935157 1D 470.73—478.86 2.57E-05—3.85E-04 5.42—7.54 E2, E5
AX-109486695 3A 725.15 1.15E-04—5.59E-04 5.11—6.23 E2, E5
AX-108986146 3B 547.59 2.89E-05—3.18E-04 5.56—7.22 E4, E5
AX-111583589 4A 121.51 5.34E-05—7.95E-04 4.95—6.94 E4, E5
AX-110417316 4A 130.42 1.05E-05—6.22E-05 6.78—7.98 E4, E5
AX-111264892 4A 241.73 1.40E-04—2.24E-04 5.79—6.17 E4, E5
AX-109608730 4A 413.76 2.96E-05—3.05E-04 5.67—7.25 E4, E5
AX-109285136 4A 594.90—598.79 9.75E-05—8.96E-04 3.82—6.39 E2, E3, E4
AX-109834040 4A 609.82 2.7E-04—6.83E-04 4.98—5.65 E4, E5
AX-110002719 4B 43.56 2.69E-04—9.30E-04 3.79—4.69 E2, E4
AX-94513518 4B 556.06 2.13E-07—5.41E-04 5.24—10.89 E2, E3
AX-110023236 5A 30.66 7.47E-04—9.28E-04 4.80—4.95 E2, E4
AX-109374128 5A 600.17 7.45E-05—4.00E-04 5.43—6.61 E4, E5
AX-110149809 5B 554.32 2.12E-04—3.56E-04 5.45—5.92 E3, E5
AX-109983932 5B 604.61 5.60E-04—5.87E-04 5.15—5.18 E2, E3
AX-109402563 5D 28.88 3.63E-05—1.86E-04 6.05—7.11 E4, E5
AX-110082918 5D 529.22 5.79E-05—3.09E-04 5.57—6.72 E4, E5
AX-109512342 6A 25.80—28.33 3.91E-05—4.89E-04 5.25—7.11 E2, E3, E4, E5
AX-94564307 6D 21.98 4.64E-05—7.11E-04 4.98—6.93 E2, E4
AX-111614875 6D 70.62 3.43E-05—1.81E-04 5.96—7.10 E4, E5
AX-109452823 7A 26.47—32.70 5.93E-05—9.46E-04 3.72—6.34 E1, E2, E4, E5
AX-109477546 7B 155.48—159.71 1.99E-05—7.71E-04 5.03—10.36 E2, E3, E4, E5
AX-94420739 7D 540.87 9.04E-04—9.43E-04 4.83—5.08 E2, E4
出粉率
FY (%)		 AX-109428041 1A 22.48 4.14E-04—7.46E-04 5.02—5.24 E3, E5
AX-94802245 1D 73.73—77.36 1.14E-04—1.00E-03 4.88—6.34 E3, E4
AX-111099555 2B 18.94—24.13 5.37E-05—3.64E-04 4.42—5.72 E3, E4
AX-111040045 4A 632.76-659.66 1.51E-04—9.74E-04 3.83—5.96 E3, E5
AX-110671478 6A 3.80—6.57 3.32E-06—9.73E-04 3.78—7.77 E3, E4
AX-111534875 6A 5.51—12.28 1.44E-05—3.98E-04 5.61—7.91 E1, E3, E4
AX-111745518 6A 17.54—24.41 1.51E-04—4.85E-04 6.14—6.15 E1, E4
AX-111611885 6D 2.49—5.82 1.57E-04—7.67E-04 5.00—6.14 E3, E4
AX-111076418 7A 8.91—12.44 1.70E-04—8.12E-04 3.75—5.14 E4, E5
蛋白质含量
PRC (%)		 AX-94935157 1D 470.73—478.18 8.52E-04—9.52E-04 3.85—4.77 E2, E4
AX-94694898 2B 620.64 2.57E-04—8.16E-04 4.87—5.71 E2, E4
AX-111218282 2D 523.36 3.71E-04—8.94E-04 4.82—5.47 E2, E4
AX-94589328 2D 624.10 6.02E-04—8.85E-04 5.10—5.12 E2, E4
AX-110442313 3A 510.31—510.60 2.91E-04—8.05E-04 4.88—5.62 E2, E4
AX-110002719 4B 43.56 1.20E-04—2.83E-04 4.59—5.13 E2, E4, E5
AX-111560874 5B 10.50 1.38E-04—5.85E-04 5.11—6.15 E2, E4
AX-109300733 6A 12.28—17.54 5.03E-05—8.33E-04 4.87—6.98 E2, E4
AX-95194586 6D 77.52 3.12E-04—9.12E-04 4.97—5.68 E2, E4
AX-111654743 7A 32.00—32.70 8.79E-05—8.48E-04 3.83—5.30 E1, E2, E3, E5
AX-108797850 7B 453.77 2.79E-04—7.67E-04 4.93—5.66 E2, E4
AX-108753131 7D 534.44—540.87 3.72E-04—6.37E-04 5.17—5.70 E2, E4
AX-108974357 7D 566.20—566.23 4.25E-04—8.84E-04 4.99—5.36 E2, E4
AX-110945986 7D 609.24—610.23 2.75E-04—8.28E-04 4.97—5.68 E2, E3
淀粉含量
STC (%)		 AX-95180100 1D 359.67 2.12E-05—2.57E-04 5.75—7.55 E4, E5
AX-94589328 2D 624.10—629.21 8.13E-05—8.67E-04 4.86—6.63 E1,E2
AX-109934763 3D 559.16—561.01 3.24E-05—9.76E-04 4.78—7.56 E1, E2
AX-110417316 4A 130.42—136.97 4.48E-04—8.12E-04 4.93—5.59 E1, E2
AX-109332913 4A 701.53 2.32E-04—7.15E-04 5.26—5.79 E1, E2
AX-110169414 5A 575.26 2.31E-04—5.72E-04 4.07—4.90 E1, E2
AX-110046517 6A 8.09—12.28 2.58E-05—8.16E-04 5.14—7.43 E1, E3
AX-111745518 6A 17.54 5.73E-04—8.12E-04 4.90—5.42 E1, E2
AX-108888443 6D 16.23—21.98 6.92E-04—9.04E-04 4.82—5.26 E1, E2
AX-110545157 7A 32.70 2.86E-04—7.03E-04 4.14—4.54 E1, E2
AX-108974357 7D 566.20—566.23 2.60E-04—7.07E-04 5.00—5.80 E1, E2
容重
TW (g·L-1)		 AX-109301633 2A 84.15 4.89E-04—9.53E-04 4.50—5.44 E1, E3
AX-110173580 2A 697.04—698.01 2.69E-04—4.71E-04 4.23—6.47 E1, E2
AX-86184511 2B 158.15—164.43 2.03E-04—9.14E-04 4.53—4.79 E1, E4
AX-110946610 4A 608.03—616.89 7.28E-04—7.84E-04 3.93—4.71 E1, E2
AX-109947431 5B 672.48—678.51 2.29E-04—6.26E-04 5.26—5.84 E3, E5
AX-110402876 7D 626.92 3.38E-04—4.10E-04 5.43—5.56 E2, E5
湿面筋含量
WCG (%)		 AX-110002719 4B 43.56 1.27E-04—3.97E-04 4.32—5.06 E2, E4, E5
AX-111560874 5B 10.50 2.83E-04—9.94E-04 4.71—5.61 E2, E4
AX-111745518 6A 17.54—25.80 3.01E-04—6.74E-04 4.97—5.75 E2, E4
AX-111654743 7A 32.00—32.70 7.64E-05—7.13E-04 4.72—5.35 E1, E2
AX-94420739 7D 540.87 6.47E-04—6.52E-04 5.04—-5.22 E2, E4
籽粒硬度
GH (%)		 AX-111107679 1A 476.08—483.94 1.32E-04—6.54E-04 4.92—5.01 E4, E5
AX-110918237 1A 487.48—489.18 5.71E-05—8.41E-04 4.76—6.59 E4, E5
AX-109499408 1A 496.31—500.66 1.77E-04—6.78E-04 3.94—5.91 E3, E5
AX-110369038 1B 627.15—628.51 3.72E-04—9.45E-04 3.81—4.74 E1, E2, E3
AX-94534666 1D 457.15—457.95 3.16E-06—5.85E-04 4.01—7.42 E2, E3, E5
AX-111636440 2A 505.33—507.36 1.45E-04—9.12E-04 3.92—5.34 E1, E3
AX-94447403 2D 439.44 5.38E-04—7.59E-04 4.84—5.39 E1, E3
AX-111640432 3A 728.42—731.08 1.70E-04—5.00E-04 4.12—4.76 E2, E3, E5
AX-110951756 3B 7.08 7.16E-06—8.58E-04 4.73—8.11 E2, E3
AX-111018209 3D 553.59—560.75 3.97E-04—8.39E-04 4.98—5.28 E1, E5
AX-111031457 5A 571.71—571.94 9.82E-05—1.82E-04 4.72—5.12 E3, E5
AX-108945948 6A 9.14—13.06 1.00E-04—9.09E-04 5.00—6.02 E1, E5
AX-108802871 7A 10.09—16.64 2.96E-04—8.09E-04 4.32—5.85 E1, E5
AX-111664463 7A 123.20—127.55 8.90E-05—6.93E-04 3.86—6.29 E4, E5
AX-110495496 7A 484.39—489.95 2.30E-04—9.39E-04 3.72—5.65 E3, E4, E5

Table 4

Stable loci significantly associated with multiple quality traits"

性状
Trait		 位点
Marker		 染色体
Chr.		 物理位置
Position (Mb)		 P值
P value		 表型贡献率
R2 (%)		 环境
Environment
沉降值,蛋白质含量
SV, PRC		 AX-94935157 1D 470.73—478.86 2.57E-05—9.52E-04 3.85—7.54 E2, E4, E5
淀粉含量,蛋白质含量
STC, PRC		 AX-94589328 2D 624.10—629.21 8.13E-05—8.85E-04 4.86—6.63 E1, E2, E4
籽粒硬度,沉降值
GH, PRC		 AX-111640432 3A 725.15—731.08 1.15E-04—5.59E-04 4.12—6.23 E2, E3, E5
籽粒硬度,淀粉含量
GH, STC		 AX-111018209 3D 553.59—561.01 3.24E-05—9.76E-04 4.78—7.56 E1, E2, E5
淀粉含量,沉降值
STC, SV		 AX-110417316 4A 130.42—136.97 1.05E-05—8.12E-04 4.93—7.98 E1, E2, E4, E5
容重,沉降值
TW, SV		 AX-110946610 4A 608.03—616.89 2.70E-04—7.84E-04 3.93—5.65 E1, E2, E4, E5
沉降值,蛋白质含量,湿面筋含量
SV, PRC, WGC		 AX-110002719 4B 43.56 1.20E-04—9.30E-04 3.79—5.13 E2, E4, E5
籽粒硬度,淀粉含量
GH, STC		 AX-111031457 5A 571.71—575.26 9.82E-05—5.72E-04 4.07—5.12 E1, E2, E3, E5
蛋白质含量,湿面筋含量
PRC, WGC		 AX-111560874 5B 10.50 1.38E-04—9.94E-04 4.71—6.15 E2, E4
出粉率,淀粉含量,籽粒硬度
FY, STC, GH		 AX-111534875 6A 5.51—12.28 1.44E-05—9.09E-04 5.00—7.91 E1, E3, E4, E5
淀粉含量,蛋白质含量
STC, PRC		 AX-111745518 6A 12.28—17.54 5.03E-05—8.33E-04 4.87—6.98 E1, E2, E4
出粉率,湿面筋含量
FY, WGC		 AX-111745518 6A 17.54—25.80 1.51E-04—6.74E-04 4.97—6.15 E1, E2, E4
淀粉含量,沉降值
STC, SV		 AX-108888443 6D 16.23—21.98 4.64E-05—9.04E-04 4.82—5.69 E1, E2, E4
沉降值,蛋白质含量
SV, PRC		 AX-111614875 6D 70.62—77.52 3.43E-05—9.12E-04 4.97—7.10 E2, E4, E5
籽粒硬度,出粉率
GH, FY		 AX-108802871 7A 8.91—16.64 1.70E-04—8.12E-04 3.75—5.85 E1, E4, E5
沉降值,淀粉含量,蛋白质含量,湿面筋含量 SV, STC, PRC, WGC AX-109452823 7A 26.47—32.70 5.93E-05—9.46E-04 3.72—6.34 E1, E2, E3, E4, E5
沉降值,湿面筋含量,蛋白质含量
SV, WGC, PRC		 AX-94420739 7D 534.44—540.87 3.72E-04—9.43E-04 4.83—5.70 E2, E4
蛋白质含量,淀粉含量
PRC, STC		 AX-108974357 7D 566.20—566.23 2.60E-04—8.84E-04 4.99—5.80 E1, E2, E4

Table 5

Selection of stable sites and information of candidate genes"

性状
Trait		 位点
Marker		 染色体
Chr.		 物理位置
Position (Mb)		 基因
Gene		 基因注释或编码蛋白
Gene annotation or coding protein
沉降值
SV		 AX-109285136 4A 594.90—598.79 TraesCS4A01G299800 阳离子氨基酸转运蛋白,推定
Cationic amino acid transporter, putative
AX-109512342 6A 25.80—28.33 TraesCS6A01G054400 box家族蛋白 F-box family protein
蛋白质含量,沉降值
PRC, SV		 AX-109452823 7A 26.47—32.70 TraesCS7A01G059500 色氨酸脱羧酶
Tryptophan decarboxylase
出粉率
FY		 AX-111534875 6A 5.51—12.28 TraesCS6A01G012800 富含亮氨酸的重复受体样蛋白激酶家族蛋白
Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase family protein
湿面筋含量,
蛋白质含量 WGC, PRC		 AX-110002719 4B 43.56 TraesCS4B01G054200 组蛋白H2B
Histone H2B
籽粒硬度
GH		 AX-94534666 1D 457.15—457.95 TraesCS1D01G382000 锌指状蛋白 Zinc finger protein-like
AX-111640432 3A 728.42—731.08 TraesCS3A01G507800 含螺旋结构域的蛋白Coiled-coil domain-containing protein
AX-110495496 7A 484.39—489.95 TraesCS7A01G331200 木葡聚糖内转葡糖基酶/水解酶
Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase
蛋白质含量
PRC		 AX-108974357 7D 566.20—566.23 TraesCS7D01G445400 ATP依赖性Clp蛋白酶ATP结合亚基
ATP-dependent Clp protease ATP-binding subunit
AX-108753131 7D 534.44—540.87 TraesCS7D01G418700 木葡聚糖内转葡糖基酶/水解酶
Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase
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