作物-土壤氮循环对大气CO2浓度和温度升高响应的研究进展

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.08.009

Abstract

Abstract:

In geochemical element cycling, nitrogen is one of the most important and active nutrient elements, determining grain yield and quality of crop. With the increase of atmospheric CO₂ concentration and temperature in global climate change, the changes in crop-soil nitrogen cycle may significantly affect crop production in agro-ecosystem. Therefore, studying the response of crop-soil continuum nitrogen cycle under elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration and temperature could provide a theoretical basis for the scientific and reasonable prediction of crop nitrogen demand in farmland ecosystem and the guarantee of stable supply of crop yield under the future climate conditions. Effects of elevated CO₂ and temperature on nitrogen uptake and distribution in crop and soil nitrogen turnover were reviewed in this paper, and the interaction between elevated CO₂ and temperature on crop-soil nitrogen cycling processes in previous studies was systematically summarized. Under elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration, although the transpiration of crop decreased, the photosynthetic rate, biomass, root branches and root surface area increased, and the root nodule nitrogen fixation ability of legume crop also increased. Thus, these factors overall promoted crop nitrogen uptake and increased crop yield and grain nitrogen allocation, but the average nitrogen concentration across crop decreased. Furthermore, the high CO₂ concentration increased soil enzyme activity, enhanced soil organic nitrogen mineralization, nitrification and denitrification, and accelerated soil nitrogen turnover. Warming and increasing CO₂ concentration interactively affected crop-soil nitrogen cycle. Warming and high CO₂ concentration synergistically promoted crop biomass, photosynthesis, underground nitrogen distribution and root branching and root surface area. Elevated temperature enhanced the elevated CO₂-induced inhibition on crop transpiration and nitrogen concentration. Warming inhibited the positive effect of high CO₂ concentration on nitrogen distribution, nitrogen absorption and yield of crop grains. Elevated temperature enhanced soil enzyme activity and mineralization at high CO₂ concentration, but molecular mechanisms of their interactive effect on soil nitrification and denitrification were still not clear. Research on soil microbes in relevant to aboveground crop, in particular, nitrogen cycling processes and their feedback mechanisms on global change remained unknown. The 16 S rRNA, DGGE, T-RFLP, qPCR, RT-PCR techniques, proteomics and in situ studies of stable isotope probes could be used to investigate the microbial species composition and physiological functions in complex environments. This review highlighted further investigations on the potential interaction between elevated CO₂ and temperature on nitrogen cycle in the crop-soil continuum in farming soils, and the microbial community in the rhizosphere that were involved in soil nitrogen cycle. Thus, the nitrogen cycle in agricultural ecosystem under climate change could be predicted, by which the adaptability of the ecosystems to climate change could be enhanced effectively.

Key words: CO₂ concentration, temperature, plant nitrogen, nitrogen uptake, soil nitrogen cycle, microorganism

ZHANG JinYuan,LI YanSheng,YU ZhenHua,XIE ZhiHuang,LIU JunJie,WANG GuangHua,LIU XiaoBing,WU JunJiang,Stephen J HERBERT,JIN Jian. Nitrogen Cycling in the Crop-Soil Continuum in Response to Elevated Atmospheric CO₂ Concentration and Temperature -A Review[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(8): 1684-1701.

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作物类型 Crop species	CO₂浓度/温度处理 CO₂ concentration/temperature	氮浓度 N concentration	氮吸收 N uptake	生物量 Biomass	文献 Reference
大豆Soybean	390/550 μmol·mol^-1	↓	↑	↑	[33]
大豆Soybean	390/550 μmol·mol^-1	↓			[41]
大豆Soybean	415/550 μmol·mol^-1	↓	↑	↑	[8]
水稻Rice	380/680 μmol·mol^-1	↓	↑	↑	[13]
水稻Rice	500 μmol·mol^-1	↓	↑	↓	[12]
水稻Rice	390/550 μmol·mol^-1	↓	↑	↑	[51]
水稻Rice	370/550 μmol·mol^-1	↓		↑	[39]
水稻Rice	+200 μmol·mol^-1	↓		↑	[11]
小麦Wheat	390/550 μmol·mol^-1	—		↑	[53]
小麦Wheat	360/550 μmol·mol^-1	↓			[40]
水稻Rice	500 μmol·mol^-1;+2℃	↑	↓	↓	[12]
水稻Rice	380/680 μmol·mol^-1;22/32℃	—	↑	↑	[13]
水稻Rice	+60 μmol·mol^-1;+2℃		↑	↓	[35]
水稻Rice	+60 μmol·mol^-1;+2℃		↑	↑	[37]
水稻Rice	390/550 μmol·mol^-1;+2℃	↓	↑	↑	[51]
水稻Rice	+200 μmol·mol^-1;+1℃	↓		↓	[11]

Nitrogen Cycling in the Crop-Soil Continuum in Response to Elevated Atmospheric CO₂ Concentration and Temperature -A Review

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Nitrogen Cycling in the Crop-Soil Continuum in Response to Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Concentration and Temperature -A Review

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Nitrogen Cycling in the Crop-Soil Continuum in Response to Elevated Atmospheric CO₂ Concentration and Temperature -A Review