溶解氧浓度对水稻分蘖期根系生长及氮素利用特性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.07.016

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】A formal experiment was conducted to reveal the effects of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration on root growth at the tillering stage and nitrogen utilization of rice, so as to provide a theoretical basis to the rice oxygen nutrition and high-yield cultivation.【Method】The formal experiment was conducted at China National Rice Research Institute in 2016. Three rice varieties, including ZZY 1(lowland rice), IR45765-3B (deep-water rice) and ZH 221 (upland rice), were grown in hydroponic condition with different DO concentration (T₁-1 mg·L ^-1, T₂-3 mg·L ^-1, T₃-5.5 mg·L ^-1, T₄-7.5 mg·L ^-1 and CK-natural growth) controlled by on-line test control system (KUNTENG Q45D, America). The portable dissolved oxygen meters (YSI 550A, America) was used to examine the oxygen concentration in the nutrient solution.【Result】(1) The results showed that the decrease rate of total nitrogen content in whole concentration nutrient solution decreased with the increasing of DO concentration, while the change of ammonium salt content showed the opposite tendency under different DO concentrations. At the same determination time, the nitrate content increased with the increasing of DO concentration. Nitrite content was extremely low and was unstable in whole concentration nutrient solution. (2) Compared with CK, the root activity of three rice cultivars increased in T₂, while the root vigor decreased under T₁ and T₄. The longest root length of three rice cultivars was elongated with increasing of DO concentration, while the total length, total surface area, volume and dry matter were reduced under T₁ and T₄. The root morphological indexes and dry matter accumulation of ZZY 1 and IR45765-3B under T₂ were higher than that of CK. (3) The nitrogen content of three rice cultivars decreased gradually with the increasing of DO concentration at jointing stage, which showed an opposite tendency at full heading stage and full ripe stage. Compared with CK, the nitrogen accumulation of three varieties increased under T₂ during the whole growth period. The nitrogen uptake of rice decreased under T₃ and T₄, while the proportion of nitrogen accumulation from full heading stage to full maturity stage of rice increased significantly. At full ripe stage, nitrogen accumulation of three rice varieties increased 2.3%-7.3% under T₂ compared with CK, and decreased 0.7%-3.6%, 3.6%-8.5% and 15.0%-27.1%, respectively, in T₁, T₃ and T₄. (4) The dry matter accumulation and yield of three rice varieties were T₂>CK>T₁>T₃>T₄ under different DO concentrations at full ripe stage. In all treatments, the nitrogen dry matter production efficiency was the highest under T₁. Compared with CK, T₂ improved the harvest index and nitrogen harvest index of three rice varieties, which were declined under other DO concentrations. The nitrogen grain production efficiency of ZZY 1 and IR45765-3B under T₁ were significantly lower than that of CK, and there was no significant difference in ZH 221.【Conclusion】A moderate increase of DO concentration could improve the formation of rice root system under the condition of water cultivation, increase the dry matter and nitrogen accumulation, and improve the nitrogen utilization efficiency and yield of rice. Both hypoxia and hyperoxia stress could inhibit the root activity of different ecotypes of rice, and reduce the nitrogen uptake. Besides, the tolerance on the oxygen stress of upland rice was stronger than that of lowland rice and deep-water rice.

Key words: rice, dissolved oxygen, root morphology, nitrogen utilization, hydroponics

HU JiJie,ZHONG Chu,HU ZhiHua,ZHANG JunHua,CAO XiaoChuang,LIU ShouKan,JIN QianYu,ZHU LianFeng. Effects of Dissolved Oxygen Concentration on Root Growth at Tillering Stage and Nitrogen Utilization Characteristics of Rice[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(7): 1525-1536.

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品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	总根长 Total root length (cm/plant)	根系总表面积 Total surface area (cm²/plant)	平均根直径 Average root diameter (mm)	根体积 Root volume (cm³/plant)	最大根长 Maximum root length (cm/plant)	根系干物重 Dry root weight (g/plant)
中浙优1号 ZZY 1	CK	3648.7a	420.6a	0.37a	3.87a	29.63c	1.59a
	T₁	3460.2ab	398.4a	0.37a	3.68a	26.29d	1.50a
	T₂	3703.4a	428.3a	0.37a	3.95a	33.49b	1.64a
	T₃	3503.4ab	404.1a	0.37a	3.72a	35.20b	1.62a
	T₄	3018.7b	394.6a	0.37a	3.13b	40.19a	1.19b
IR45765-3B	CK	2580.1b	328.6b	0.41a	3.34ab	23.38c	1.46b
	T₁	2379.9b	315.2b	0.42a	3.34ab	21.25d	1.30c
	T₂	2926.6a	373.3a	0.41a	3.80a	24.41c	1.59a
	T₃	2480.9b	308.6b	0.40a	3.07b	28.54b	1.23c
	T₄	1736.5c	226.2c	0.41a	2.36c	31.93a	0.90d
中旱221 ZH 221	CK	2065.6c	246.0b	0.35ab	2.14ab	23.63cd	0.98b
	T₁	1875.9d	210.3c	0.36a	1.88b	22.43d	0.91c
	T₂	2235.7b	243.8b	0.35ab	2.13ab	24.67c	0.99b
	T₃	2561.3a	267.5a	0.33b	2.23a	28.17b	1.12a
	T₄	2053.1c	231.1bc	0.36a	2.07ab	30.23a	0.99b

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	氮积累量 N accumulation (mg/plant)			阶段氮积累量 Periodic N accumulation (mg/plant)			阶段氮积累量/总氮积累量 Ratio of periodic N accumulation to total (%)
品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	J	FH	FR	S-J	J-FH	FH-FR	S-J	J-FH	FH-FR
中浙优1号 ZZY 1	CK	398.8a	680.1b	840.8b	398.8a	281.3b	160.6a	47.4	33.5	19.1
	T₁	379.7a	657.9bc	819.3b	379.7a	278.2b	161.4a	46.3	34.0	19.7
	T₂	434.6a	734.1a	901.8a	434.6a	299.4ab	167.7a	48.2	33.2	18.6
	T₃	317.7b	639.6c	810.2b	317.7b	321.9a	170.6a	39.2	39.7	21.1
	T₄	230.4c	525.6d	665.9c	230.4c	295.2ab	140.3b	34.6	44.3	21.1
IR45765-3B	CK	312.6a	580.3ab	761.4a	312.6a	267.7ab	181.1a	41.1	35.2	23.8
	T₁	338.2a	558.9b	733.7ab	338.2a	220.7b	174.8a	46.1	30.1	23.8
	T₂	318.6a	597.5a	779.1a	318.6a	278.9a	181.7a	40.9	35.8	23.3
	T₃	246.8b	517.7c	696.7b	246.8b	270.9ab	179.1a	35.4	38.9	25.7
	T₄	201.0c	427.2d	554.9c	201.0c	226.2ab	127.7a	36.2	40.8	23.0
中旱221 ZH 221	CK	243.8a	405.6b	553.9ab	243.8a	161.8b	148.3a	44.0	29.2	26.8
	T₁	254.5a	407.0b	550.3ab	254.5a	152.5b	143.3a	46.3	27.7	26.0
	T₂	249.2a	428.8a	579.1a	249.2a	179.6a	150.4a	43.0	31.0	26.0
	T₃	240.0a	403.5b	531.7b	240.0a	163.5b	138.8a	45.1	30.8	26.1
	T₄	185.1b	347.8c	471.4c	185.1b	162.6b	133.0a	39.3	34.5	28.2

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	干物质量 Dry matter (g/plant)	产量 Yield (g/plant)	氮收获指数 N harvest index	收获指数 Harvest index	氮素干物质生产效率 N use efficiency for biomass production (kg·kg^-1)	氮素籽粒生产效率 N use efficiency for grain production (kg·kg^-1)
中浙优1 号ZZY 1	CK	56.90b	24.16b	0.51a	0.42a	67.50bc	28.74a
	T₁	56.75b	21.78c	0.45b	0.38b	69.44a	26.57b
	T₂	61.23a	26.79a	0.53a	0.44a	67.88b	29.68a
	T₃	54.20b	19.58d	0.44b	0.36b	67.04bc	24.14c
	T₄	44.26c	11.56e	0.32c	0.26c	66.50c	17.27d
IR45765-3B	CK	51.37a	23.36a	0.55a	0.45a	67.50ab	30.68a
	T₁	49.84ab	18.94b	0.45b	0.38b	68.40a	25.81b
	T₂	52.15a	23.57a	0.55a	0.45a	66.94ab	30.23a
	T₃	46.60b	17.96b	0.47b	0.39b	66.93ab	25.79b
	T₄	36.62c	10.04c	0.34c	0.27c	65.78b	18.03c
中旱221 ZH 221	CK	37.82ab	17.09b	0.56b	0.45b	67.77b	30.31bc
	T₁	37.75ab	16.81b	0.56b	0.44b	69.04a	31.04ab
	T₂	39.22a	18.97a	0.61a	0.48a	67.62bc	32.70a
	T₃	36.21b	15.80b	0.55b	0.44b	66.81bc	29.10c
	T₄	32.11c	13.88c	0.54b	0.43b	66.53c	28.79c

Effects of Dissolved Oxygen Concentration on Root Growth at Tillering Stage and Nitrogen Utilization Characteristics of Rice

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