大田群体冬小麦氮收获指数变异特征研究

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.03.012

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between nitrogen (N) harvest index (NHI) and yield, grain N concentration (GNC), grain harvest index (HI) and N content of different organs in wheat, and the variations of NHI among the wheat varieties with different plant heights, release years, and awn types were also investigated, so as to provide valuable information for breeding high-yield and N-efficient wheat cultivars. 【Method】 Field experiments were conducted in Luoyang and Nanyang of Henan Province, and Yangling of Shaanxi Province from the year 2018 to 2019. As many as 224 wheat varieties with different release years, plant heights and awn types were planted under field conditions. Augmented randomized complete block design was applied, and 14 blocks with five control wheat varieties in each block were established. Each of the wheat varieties was planted in 6 rows with a length of 3 m. Wheat samples were taken at maturity, and grain yield, N concentrations of stem, glume and grain were measured. NHIs for all the wheat varieties were calculated. 【Result】 NHI of the 224 wheat varieties ranged from 0.43 to 0.93, and the variation coefficients of NHI in Yangling was greater than those in the other two sites. Grain yield and HI were linearly correlated with NHI, and increased along with the increase of NHI. There was a significant negative correlation between NHI and straw and glume N content (P<0.05). There was no significant correlation between NHI and GNC and total N absorption (P>0.05) in all the study sites. NHI of the wheat varieties released before 1970 or between 1970 and 1990 was significantly lower than that of the varieties released after 1990 (P<0.05). The wheat varieties released between 1990 and 2010 had similar NHI with the wheat varieties released after 2010 (P>0.05). The average NHI of the high stem wheat varieties was lower than that of the semi-dwarf or dwarf varieties, while the semi-dwarf wheat varieties had similar NHI with the dwarf wheat varieties. There was no significant difference between the NHI of the wheat varieties with awns and the varieties without awns (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】NHI varied among different wheat varieties, and the improving of NHI of wheat might be helpful in improving wheat yield or harvest index. NHI could be significantly influenced by the N content of straw and glume. Traditional breeding techniques have not further improved NHI of wheat since the year 1990. To keep a high NHI, the stalk of wheat cultivars should not be longer than 100 cm during breeding. Wheat awns did not significantly influence the NHI of wheat.

Key words: winter wheat, breeding, plant height, awn type, nitrogen harvest index

GAO ZhiYuan,XU JiLi,LIU Shuo,TIAN Hui,WANG ZhaoHui. Variations of Winter Wheat Nitrogen Harvest Index in Field Wheat Population[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(3): 583-595.

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地点 Site	铵态氮 Ammonium (mg·kg^-1)	硝态氮 Nitrate (mg·kg^-1)	pH	速效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)
河南南阳 Nanyang, Henan	1.53±0.60	35.62±12.3	5.74±0.16	21.8±3.81	125.5±12.1	18.6±1.58
河南洛阳 Luoyang, Henan	0.65±0.64	27.93±14.6	7.84±0.08	8.47±4.79	276.6±52.6	24.7±2.85
陕西杨凌 Yangling, Shaanxi	0.39±0.22	26.65±6.0	8.06±0.04	9.20±2.38	145.5±19.6	13.0±1.52

地点 Site	最小值 Min.	最大值 Max.	平均值 Average	变异系数 CV
洛阳 Luoyang	0.68	0.92	0.82	0.062
南阳 Nanyang	0.72	0.93	0.84	0.046
杨凌 Yangling	0.45	0.82	0.68	0.113

变异来源 Source	自由度 df	洛阳Luoyang		南阳Nanyang		杨凌Yangling
变异来源 Source	自由度 df	F	P	F	P	F	P
品种 (消除区组效应) Treatment (ignoring Blocks)	223	2.34	***	1.81	**	2.13	***
对照品种 Treatment: Check	4	2.02	NS	2.14	NS	0.77	NS
试验品种 Treatment: Test	218	2.35	***	1.81	**	1.99	**
区组 (消除品种效应) Block (eliminating Treatments)	13	3.29	**	1.41	NS	0.83	NS

Variations of Winter Wheat Nitrogen Harvest Index in Field Wheat Population

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