Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (3): 596-607.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.03.013

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Synergistic Effects of Soil Moisture, Aggregate Stability and Organic Carbon Distribution on Wheat Yield Under No-Tillage Practice

ZHENG FengJun1(),WANG Xue2(),LI ShengPing1,LIU XiaoTong1,LIU ZhiPing4,LU JinJing1,4,WU XuePing1(),XI JiLong3,ZHANG JianCheng3(),LI YongShan3   

  1. 1Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
    2People’s Government of Fangshan District Liulihetown, Beijing 102403
    3Institute of Cotton, Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuncheng 044000, Shanxi
    4Institute of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031
  • Received:2020-05-04 Accepted:2020-07-29 Online:2021-02-01 Published:2021-02-01
  • Contact: XuePing WU,JianCheng ZHANG E-mail:zfengjunhn@163.com;snow13366038169@163.com;wuxueping@caas.cn;zhangjc@126.com

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Abstract:

【Objective】Based on an 8 year (2008-2015) long-term field experiment in Yuncheng, Shanxi Province, the characteristics of stability and active organic carbon contents in soil dry aggregate, water use efficiency and winter wheat yield under no-tillage with straw mulching were studied, and the synergistic effect among soil moisture, the stability and organic carbon components of soil aggregates and wheat grain yield were analyzed, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the best tillage practice in the dry farming area of the Loess Plateau in China.【Method】In this study, two tillage treatments in the long-term field experiment were selected, including CT-SP (convention tillage with straw plowing) and NT-SM (no-tillage with straw mulching). During the winter wheat harvest period, the soil aggregate fractions were measured by dry-sieving method, the contents soil organic carbon (SOC) and active organic carbon (dissolved organic carbon, DOC; easily oxidized organic carbon, EOC; microbial biomass carbon MBC) in soil dry aggregates were determined, and soil moisture (soil volumetric water content, θv; soil water storage before sowing, SA; soil water storage after harvesting, SB; water consumption during growing period, ET; precipitation use efficiency, PUE; water use efficiency, WUE) and crop yield were investigated too.【Result】(1) Compared with CT-SP treatment, NT-SM treatment significantly increased the proportions of aggregate 0.25-2 mm, the contents of macro-aggregates (R0.25) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) by 13.9%, 8.8 % and 9.6%, respectively. (2) Compared with CT-SP treatment, the contents of SOC and MBC in bulk soil, >2 mm and 0.25-2 mm in NT-SM treatment, increased by 17.7% and 23.6%, 18.4% and 18.2%, 22.4% and 39.2%, respectively. The contribution rates of 0.25-2 mm soil aggregate-associated carbons to SOC and MBC increased by 18.4% and 28.4%, respectively. (3) Compared with CT-SP treatment, NT-SM treatment increased the SA, PUE, WUE and wheat yield by 17.7%, 8.92%, 14.98% and 8.92%, respectively, and the Pearson correlation coefficients between yield and SOC, WUE, R0.25, MWD, GMD reached above 0.9. (4) By structural equation model analysis, it was found DOC and EOC affected MBC change by a synergistic in soil aggregates, and also the total effect of MBC content on SOC was 0.88, suggesting it was the dominant factor affecting SOC change. (5) The water storage, soil aggregate stability and SOC distribution affected wheat yield by a synergistic effect. Moreover, soil aggregates stability had a significant positive effect on winter wheat yield.【Conclusion】In the dry farming area of the Loess Plateau in China, the no-tillage with straw mulching could improve the stability of soil aggregates and the soil water environment, the contents of organic carbon and active organic carbon fractions in the topsoil, and increase soil carbon sequestration, water retention and crop yield.

Key words: no-tillage with straw mulching, soil aggregates, active organic carbon, soil water storage, WUE, winter yield, SEM

Fig. 1

Evolution of monthly precipitation (vertical bars) for 2008-2015, monthly precipitation and related temperature (three lines) for 2015"

Table 1

The stability analysis of soil aggregates under different tillage treatments"

处理
Treatment		 团聚体分级质量分数 Aggregate fraction (%) R0.25
(%)		 平均重量直径
MWD (mm)		 几何平均直径
GMD (mm)
w>2mm w0.25-2mm w<0.25mm
CT-SP 23±0.01a 47±0.02b 28±0.02a 70±0.02b 1.72±0.06a 0.87±0.05b
NT-SM 23±0.01a 53±0.01a 23±0.01b 76±0.01a 1.77±0.04a 0.95±0.03a

Fig. 2

Change in soil volumetric water content before sowing and after harvesting under different tillage treatments (0-200 cm)"

Table 2

Effects of different tillage treatments on yield and water use of winter wheat"

处理
Treatment		 播前土壤贮水量
（SB）(mm)		 收获后土壤贮水量
（SA） (mm)		 耗水量
ET (mm）		 产量
Yield (kg·hm-2)		 降雨利用效率
PUE (kg·hm-2·mm-1)		 水分利用效率
WUE（kg·hm-2·mm-1）
CT-SP 427±9.1a 225±4.6b 329±5.4a 4158±88b 33±0.7b 13±0.1b
NT-SM 449±3.5a 264±7.1a 312±4.6a 4529±98a 36±0.8a 15±0.4a

Fig. 3

The contents of organic carbon and active organic carbon in soil aggregates under different tillage treatments a and b indicate significant differences in the same soil aggregate between different treatments. The same as Fig.4"

Fig. 4

Contribution rates of different aggregate to SOC, DOC, EOC and MBC under different tillage treatments"

Fig. 5

The effect of soil active organic carbon on SOC in soil aggregates by structural equation model analysis The solid lines and dashed lines represent significant (P<0.001) positive and negative effects, respectively. Arrow widths is proportional to the strength of the relationship. The numbers near the lines are standardized path coefficients, which show the variables in the model. The same as Fig. 6"

Table 3

Correlation of SOC, wheat yield and soil aggregate stability indexes under different tillage treatments"

Yield SOC DOC EOC MBC SB SA WUE R0.25 MWD GMD
Yield 1 0.922** 0.855* 0.946** 0.892* 0.718 0.757 0.923** 0.925** 0.908* 0.987**
SOC 1 0.873* 0.988** 0.967** 0.684 0.808 0.926** 0.895* 0.723 0.930**
DOC 1 0.858* 0.865* 0.346 0.501 0.820* 0.661 0.772 0.840*
EOC 1 0.935** 0.674 0.795 0.938** 0.907* 0.742 0.938**
MBC 1 0.685 0.857* 0.951** 0.891* 0.701 0.936**
SB 1 0．876* 0.66 0.899* 0.633 0.759
SA 1 0.869* 0.936** 0.518 0.833**
WUE 1 0.916* 0.707 0.956**
R0.25 1 0.765 0.952**
MWD 1 0.873*
GMD 1

Fig. 6

The effects of soil organic carbon, soil aggregates stability, soil water storage on winter wheat yield by structural equation model analysis"

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