山东夏玉米土壤干旱阈值研究与影响评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.21.007

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This study was aimed to determine the suitable range and the drought stress thresholds of soil water on summer maize in Shandong Province, and to evaluate the effects of different drought degrees on growth and development and yield formation of summer maize quantitatively. So as to provide a basis for improving the utilization efficiency of agricultural water resources and alleviating the adverse impacts of drought stress. 【Method】Based on the data from field experiments, the suitable and unsuitable ranges of soil moisture were determined for the seedling stage, ear stage and grain stage of summer maize. By the model of WOFOST, the drought stress thresholds were analyzed with the relative water content as the driving factor. And the drought effects were assessed quantitatively through different drought degrees and their duration days. 【Result】(1) The suitable ranges of soil water during seedling stage, ear stage and grain stage of summer maize were 62%-91%, 66%-92% and 68%-94%, respectively. And the unsuitable ranges were less than 62%, 66% and 68%, respectively. (2) The thresholds of no drought, light drought, medium drought and severe drought during seedling stage were 53%, 50%, 45% and 40%, respectively. The thresholds of different drought degrees during ear stage were 58%, 48%, 43% and 37%, respectively. The thresholds of different drought degrees during grain stage were 57%, 52%, 49% and 45%, respectively. (3) The drought happened during seedling stage had the greatest effects on the total leaf weight, total stem weight and maximum leaf area index. The drought happened during ear stage and grain stage had the greatest effects on the total ear weight. And the severe drought during ear stage would result in the failure of final yield formation. 【Conclusion】The suitable ranges of soil water and the drought thresholds of summer maize were brought to light in Shandong. The drought happened during ear stage and grain stage of summer maize had more significant impacts on yield formation.

Key words: summer maize, drought, thresholds, soil moisture

DONG ZhiQiang,LI ManHua,LI Nan,XUE XiaoPing,CHEN Chen,ZHANG JiBo,ZHAO Hong,HOU YingYu,PAN ZhiHua. The Thresholds of Soil Drought and Its Impacts on Summer Maize in Shandong Province[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(21): 4376-4387.

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References 56

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年份 Year	生育时期 Growth stage	处理Treatment
年份 Year	生育时期 Growth stage	T1	T2	T3	T4	T5
2013	苗期Seedling stage	>60%	>60%	40%-60%	>60%	自然状态Natural state
	穗期Ear stage	>60%	>60%	>60%	>60%	自然状态Natural state
	花粒期Grain stage	≤40%	40%-60%	40%-60%	>60%	自然状态Natural state
2014	苗期Seedling stage	≤40%	40%-60%	40%-60%	60%-80%	>80%
	穗期Ear stage	>60%	>60%	40%-60%	60%-80%	>80%
	花粒期Grain stage	>60%	>60%	>60%	60%-80%	>80%
2015	苗期Seedling stage	>60%	>60%	>60%	60%-80%	>80%
	穗期Ear stage	≤40%	40%-60%	40%-60%	60%-80%	>80%
	花粒期Grain stage	>60%	>60%	40%-60%	60%-80%	>80%

生育时期 Growth stage	年份 Year	适宜 Suitable threshold	不适宜 Unsuitable threshold
苗期 Seedling stage	2013	62-93	<62
	2014	61-91	<61
	阈值范围 Threshold range	62-91	<62
穗期 Ear stage	2014	66-95	<66
	2015	64-92	<64
	阈值范围 Threshold range	66-92	<66
花粒期 Grain stage	2013	64-95	<64
	2015	68-94	<68
	阈值范围 Threshold range	68-94	<68

生育时期 Growth stage	干旱程度 Degree of drought	阈值指标 Threshold indexes
苗期 Seedling stage	无旱No drought	53
	轻旱Light drought	50
	中旱Medium drought	45
	重旱Severe drought	40
穗期 Ear stage	无旱No drought	58
	轻旱Light drought	48
	中旱Medium drought	43
	重旱Severe drought	37
花粒期 Grain stage	无旱No drought	57
	轻旱Light drought	52
	中旱Medium drought	49
	重旱Severe drought	45

生育时期 Growth period	日序区间 Interval of day of year
苗期Seedling stage	177-196
穗期Ear stage	214-233
花粒期Grain stage	243-262

干旱程度 Drought degree	干旱持续时间 Duration days of drought	TAGP	TWSO	TWLV	TWST	MAXLAI
轻旱 Light drought	3 d	-3.2	-2.9	-3.9	-3.7	-3.0
轻旱 Light drought	5 d	-3.7	-2.9	-5.7	-5.1	-4.4
	10 d	-4.5	-2.7	-8.6	-7.7	-6.9
	15 d	-6.1	-2.7	-13.8	-12.2	-11.3
	20 d	-8.5	-3.0	-20.7	-18.4	-17.6
中旱 Medium drought	3 d	-1.7	0.1	-5.7	-4.8	-3.9
中旱 Medium drought	5 d	-3.0	0.0	-9.6	-8.2	-7.2
	10 d	-5.9	-0.5	-17.7	-15.3	-14.5
	15 d	-10.4	-2.2	-28.5	-25.1	-24.7
	20 d	-17.0	-6.1	-40.8	-36.6	-37.1
重旱 Severe drought	3 d	-2.4	0.0	-7.8	-6.7	-5.5
重旱 Severe drought	5 d	-4.5	-0.2	-14.1	-12.1	-11.1
	10 d	-10.0	-1.9	-27.6	-24.3	-23.9
	15 d	-18.7	-7.2	-43.6	-39.2	-39.7
	20 d	-31.8	-18.8	-60.1	-55.3	-56.8

The Thresholds of Soil Drought and Its Impacts on Summer Maize in Shandong Province

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干旱程度 Drought degree	干旱持续时间 Duration days of drought	TAGP	TWSO	TWLV	TWST	MAXLAI
轻旱 Light drought	3 d	-1.1	-0.1	-3.0	-2.8	-2.7
轻旱 Light drought	5 d	-2.1	-0.3	-5.7	-5.4	-5.2
	10 d	-4.1	-2.5	-7.6	-7.0	-7.6
	15 d	-5.9	-4.9	-8.1	-7.6	-9.2
	20 d	-6.7	-6.0	-8.2	-7.8	-9.9
中旱 Medium drought	3 d	-2.4	-0.4	-6.7	-6.2	-6.1
中旱 Medium drought	5 d	-5.1	-1.3	-13.1	-12.3	-13.4
	10 d	-10.6	-6.6	-19.2	-18.1	-23.0
	15 d	-14.8	-12.3	-20.3	-19.3	-27.6
	20 d	-17.1	-15.5	-20.7	-19.9	-29.6

干旱程度 Drought degree	干旱持续时间 Duration days of drought	TAGP	TWSO	TWLV	TWST
轻旱 Light drought	3 d	-0.7	-1.1	0.0	-0.2
轻旱 Light drought	5 d	-0.9	-1.3	0.0	-0.3
	10 d	-0.9	-1.3	0.0	-0.3
	15 d	-0.9	-1.3	0.0	-0.3
	20 d	-0.9	-1.3	0.0	-0.3
中旱 Medium drought	3 d	-1.6	-2.3	0.0	-0.5
中旱 Medium drought	5 d	-2.1	-3.0	0.0	-0.6
	10 d	-2.4	-3.5	0.0	-0.7
	15 d	-2.8	-4.0	0.0	-0.7
	20 d	-2.9	-4.1	0.0	-0.7
重旱 Severe drought	3 d	-2.8	-4.0	-0.1	-0.8
重旱 Severe drought	5 d	-4.0	-5.8	-0.1	-1.2
	10 d	-5.4	-7.8	-0.1	-1.4
	15 d	-6.8	-9.8	-0.1	-1.6
	20 d	-7.8	-11.3	-0.1	-1.6

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