我国葡萄主产区的土壤养分丰缺状况

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.17.012

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The lagged soil fertility research and lacked scientific fertilization instruction in vineyards have gradually become the focus of restricting the sustainable development of the grape industry in China. Soil fertility status was investigated to formulate a suitable fertilization strategy so as to promote the healthy and sustainable development of grape industry in China. 【Method】1 100 soil samples were collected from the vineyards located in the five main grape producing areas in China (Northeast cold climate producing areas, North China and Bohai Bay producing areas, Qinling-Huaihe River subtropical producing areas, Northwest and Loess Plateau producing areas, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and Western Sichuan high altitude producing areas) respectively in 2018, and measured soil pH, organic matter, and available macro, medium and microelements content respectively. The status of soil fertility and its spatial distribution characteristics in the main grape producing areas of China were maped out by ArcGIS. 【Result】It showed that pH value range of soil in the main grape producing areas was 2.9-9.6, neutral soil was only 11.7% in selected soil samples in main grape producing areas of China; The average content of soil organic matter were 11.42 g·kg^-1 (deficient), and the proportion of soil with organic matter deficiency was 78.8%; The average contents of the nutrients were available N 77.8 mg·kg^-1 (medium), available P 97.2 mg·kg^-1 (rich), available K 214.7 mg·kg^-1 (medium), available Ca 1 670.8 mg·kg^-1 (rich), available Mg 299.0 mg·kg^-1 (rich), available S 72.5 mg·kg^-1 (extremely rich), available Fe 83.9 mg·kg^-1 (rich), available Cu 5.8 mg·kg^-1 (extremely rich), available Mn 16.1 mg·kg^-1 (rich), available Zn 6.5 mg·kg^-1 (rich), available B 2.86 mg·kg^-1 (rich). 【Conclusion】There was small proportion of soil with neutral pH value, which was suitable for grape growth in the main grape producing areas of China, and the area ratio is only 11.7%. Organic matter content is 11.42 g·kg^-1, and 78.8% of soil area with organic matter was at a deficient level. The content of available N (77.8 mg·kg^-1) and available K (214.7 mg·kg^-1) was insufficient, but the content of available P (97.2 mg·kg^-1) was at a very rich level. The content of available Ca, available Mg and available S was at a rich level, however, the content of available Ca and available Mg varies greatly between different regions. The micro element of available Cu (5.8 mg·kg^-1) was at a extremely rich level, the content of available Fe, Mn, Zn, and B was at rich level, but nutrient deficiencies still exist in some areas. Regional formula fertilization can be carried out according to the status of soil nutrients, so as to make reasonable supplement of macro, medium and micro elements.

Key words: China, main grape producing area, soil available nutrients, status of soil fertility, fertilization recommendation, ArcGIS

LI BaoXin,YANG LiPing,LU YanLi,SHI XiaoXin,DU GuoQiang. Status of Soil Fertility in Main Grape Producing Areas of China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(17): 3553-3566.

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Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1

Table 1

Table 2

Soil nutrient content in main grape producing areas of China"

产区 The production areas		pH	有机质 OM (g·kg^-1)		速效氮 Available N (mg·kg^-1)		有效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)		有效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)		有效钙 Available Ca (mg·kg^-1)		有效镁 Available Mg (mg·kg^-1)
东北冷凉气候产区 Northeast cold climate producing areas	平均值 Mean	6.6±0.16	20.18±1.61		83.6±20.41		49.1±20.41		171.5±32.20		2019.3±104.49		282.3±28.22
	最大值 Max	9.2	71.13		914.5		210.9		1659.1		4399.9		1440.7
	最小值 Min	4.0	3.12		1.4		3.0		40.2		89.2		2.1
	标准差 SD	1.42	15.04		185.91		48.91		293.35		951.95		257.13
华北及环渤海湾产区 North China and Bohai Bay producing areas	平均值 Mean	6.9±0.10	9.09±0.32		70.5±4.93		151.5±4.93		244.4±13.74		1671.3±54.70		310.8±15.76
	最大值 Max	9.2	28.29		625.9		730.7		1665.2		7663.5		1188.4
	最小值 Min	3.5	2.04		1.2		6.7		30.6		159.2		3.6
	标准差 SD	1.59	4.36		75.56		135.29		210.61		838.59		241.59
秦岭-淮河以南亚热带产区 Qinling-Huaihe subtropical producing areas	平均值 Mean	6.9±0.01	9.71±0.19		109.1±7.20		107.5±7.20		213.1±10.03		1963.7±45.60		271.7±8.89
	最大值 Max	9.2	37.22		997.0		1962.8		1692.7		6747.3		1261.2
	最小值 Min	2.9	1.63		5.1		2.3		24.4		194.4		8.2
	标准差 SD	1.46	4.07		139.55		206.60		194.48		884.27		172.31
西北及黄土高原产区 Northwest and Loess Plateau producing areas	平均值 Mean	8.4±0.09	7.39±0.32		44.1±4.16		71.6±4.16		218.4±8.98		1512.5±69.13		266.1±8.72
	最大值 Max	9.6	23.84		561.3		526.0		1944.4		15818.3		904.1
	最小值 Min	4.9	1.03		0.0		0.7		48.7		264.4		57.6
	标准差 SD	0.78	5.01		69.04		57.29		148.98		1146.38		144.55
云贵高原及川西高海拔产区 Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and Western Sichuan high altitude producing areas	平均值 Mean	5.9±0.04	21.81±0.64		103.4±11.04		70.3±11.04		181.4±9.89		1537.8±76.87		221.0±13.08
	最大值 Max	8.3	44.86		799.5		533.9		752.3		6102.8		713.0
	最小值 Min	3.7	6.88		6.4		2.0		32.3		213.6		26.3
	标准差 SD	1.1	6.32		126.32		72.89		113.17		879.86		149.73
总计 Total	平均值 Mean	7.2±0.04	11.42±0.26		77.8±3.59		97.2±3.59		214.7±5.80		1670.8±29.34		299.0±5.87
	最大值 Max	9.6	71.13		997.0		1962.8		1944.4		15818.3		1440.7
	最小值 Min	2.9	1.03		0.0		0.7		24.4		89.2		2.1
	标准差 SD	1.50	7.61		119.0		147.14		192.31		973.0		194.66
东北冷凉气候产区 Northeast cold climate producing areas	平均值 Mean	38.1±9.78		64.2±5.71		8.7±0.74		22.2±2.40		5.9±1.94		2.17±0.51
	最大值 Max	598.6		276.8		36.2		162.1		152.8		25.55
	最小值 Min	0.0		1.9		0.1		1.7		1.1		0.09
	标准差 SD	89.13		52.01		6.75		21.88		17.65		4.66
华北及环渤海湾产区 North China and Bohai Bay producing areas	平均值 Mean	46.3±2.66		77.7±5.02		11.2±0.58		19.0±1.15		9.9±1.15		2.25±0.12
	最大值 Max	210.6		374.1		48.5		134.2		191.9		14.17
	最小值 Min	1.2		1.6		0.3		1.9		0.4		0.18
	标准差 SD	40.74		76.90		8.85		17.65		17.58		1.82
秦岭-淮河以南亚热带产区 Qinling-Huaihe subtropical producing areas	平均值 Mean	67.2±3.22		103.6±5.33		6.3±0.27		19.8±0.96		8.8±0.54		3.70±0.25
	最大值 Max	501.5		633.6		48.7		185.7		77.6		49.10
	最小值 Min	0.0		4.3		0.2		0.8		0.0		0.00
	标准差 SD	62.44		103.42		5.28		18.63		10.38		4.89
西北及黄土高原产区 Northwest and Loess Plateau producing areas	平均值 Mean	87.9±6.10		21.1±1.59		1.7±0.11		10.9±0.42		1.9±0.12		2.62±0.23
	最大值 Max	918.9		185.3		12.7		82.9		15.3		36.65
	最小值 Min	0.0		2.2		0.1		0.1		0.2		0.00
	标准差 SD	101.12		26.38		1.81		7.00		2.03		3.77
云贵高原及川西高海拔产区 Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and Western Sichuan high altitude production areas	平均值 Mean	87.4±11.59		173.3±9.58		5.2±0.27		16.2±1.43		7.4±1.43		3.04±1.43
	最大值 Max	1334.0		460.6		19.1		95.6		95.6		95.56
	最小值 Min	9.8		24.4		0.3		2.6		2.6		1.76
	标准差 SD	132.62		109.65		3.14		16.31		16.34		16.36
总计 Total	平均值 Mean	72.5±2.53		83.9±2.82		5.8±0.20		16.1±0.51		6.5±0.40		2.86±0.25
	最大值 Max	1334.0		633.6		48.7		185.7		191.9		95.56
	最小值 Min	0.0		1.6		0.1		0.1		0.0		0.00
	标准差 SD	83.78		93.46		6.50		16.75		13.35		8.23

Table 2

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

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养分 Nutrient	极缺 Serious deficient	缺乏 Deficient	中等 Medium	丰富 Rich	很丰富 Very rich	极丰富 Extremely rich
有机质Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	0-10.00	10.00-15.00	15.00-20.00	20.00-25.00	25.00-30.00	>30.00
速效氮Available N (mg·kg^-1)	0-20.0	20.0-50.0	50.0-100.0	100.0-150.0	150.0-200.0	>200.0
有效磷Available P (mg·kg^-1)	0-15.0	15.0-25.0	25.0-45.0	45.0-70.0	70.0-150.0	>150.0
有效钾Available K (mg·kg^-1)	0-60.0	60.0-120.0	120.0-240.0	240.0-400.0	400.0-600.0	>600.0
有效钙Available Ca (mg·kg^-1)	0-200.0	200.0-400.0	400.0-1200.0	1200.0-3600.0	3600.0-4800.0	>4800.0
有效镁Available Mg (mg·kg^-1)	0-60.0	60.0-120.0	120.0-250.0	250.0-750.0	750.0-1460.0	>1460.0
有效硫Available S (mg·kg^-1)	0-7.0	7.0-13.0	13.0-25.0	25.0-40.0	40.0-60.0	>60.0
有效铁Available Fe (mg·kg^-1)	0-5.0	5.0-10.0	10.0-30.0	30.0-150.0	150.0-300.0	>300.0
有效铜Available Cu (mg·kg^-1)	0-1.0	1.0-2.0	2.0-3.0	3.0-4.0	4.0-5.0	>5.0
有效锰Available Mn (mg·kg^-1)	0-2.5	2.5-5.0	5.0-15.0	15.0-30.0	30.0-150.0	>150.0
有效锌Available Zn (mg·kg^-1)	0-1.0	1.0-2.0	2.0-3.0	3.0-6.0	6.0-10.0	>10.0
有效硼Available B (mg·kg^-1)	0-0.10	0.10-0.20	0.20-0.60	0.60-3.00	3.00-6.00	>6.00

Status of Soil Fertility in Main Grape Producing Areas of China

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