Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (17): 3541-3552.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.17.011

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Yield and Fertilization on Yield Increase of Winter Wheat in Yangtze Valley Under Optimized Fertilization

HUANG XiaoMeng1,2(),LIU XiaoYan2,CHUAN LiMin3,YANG LanFang1(),HE Ping2,WANG XiuBin2,QIU ShaoJun2,ZHAO ShiCheng2,XU XinPeng2()   

  1. 1Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062
    2Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
    3Institute of Agricultural Information and Economics, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097
  • Received:2019-11-20 Accepted:2020-02-13 Online:2020-09-01 Published:2020-09-11
  • Contact: LanFang YANG,XinPeng XU E-mail:Huangxmemg@163.com;lfyang@hubu.edu.cn;xuxinpeng@caas.cn

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Abstract:

【Objective】Aiming to the low nutrient use efficiency caused by unreasonable fertilization of winter wheat in the Yangtze Valley, this study summarized the yield distribution characteristics of each province in the Yangtze Valley and the stimulation effect of applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, so as to provide a scientific basis for optimizing the application fertilizer of winter wheat in the Yangtze Valley and improving nutrient management strategies. 【Method】The data of field experiments in this paper were derived from field experiments conducted by the International Institute of Plant Nutrition (IPNI) in China’s Yangtze Valley from 2000 to 2018, as well as published papers on wheat field trials from 2000 to 2018 obtained by searching key words (winter wheat, winter wheat + yield, winter wheat yield + fertilizer utilization, etc.) in CNKI database, totally 1 732 field trials. The experimental treatment included optimized fertilization treatment, farmers practices, and none nitrogen, none phosphorus and none potassium treatments based on these two treatments, which was used to explore the characteristics of attainable yield, yield response, relative yield, agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity of winter wheat under optimized fertilization in the Yangtze Valley (Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Chongqing, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai).【Result】For all the data, the average yield of winter wheat in the Yangtze Valley under optimal fertilization treatment was 6.6 t·hm-2, of these, Anhui province had the highest average yield with 7.3 t·hm-2, and the lowest average yield with 3.6 t·hm-2 in Chongqing. The average yield response of N, P and K fertilizer application were 2.3, 0.9 and 0.6 t·hm-2, respectively, but there were significant differences among provinces. The average relative yield of N, P and K were 0.6, 0.8 and 0.9, respectively. The average agronomic efficiency of N, P and K were 12.6, 11.6 and 7.7 kg·kg-1, respectively, and the average partial productivity were 34.0, 78.9 and 73.4 kg·kg-1, respectively. As compared to farmers’ practices, the optimized fertilization treatment increased wheat yield by 0.5 t·hm-2with an increase by 8.8%, increased agronomic efficiency of N, P and K fertilizer application by 41.1%, 121.1% and 84.6%, and partial factor productivity by 42.4%, 23.5% and 25.4%, respectively. 【Conclusion】Optimized fertilization had positive effect on the yield and nutrient use efficiency of winter wheat in the Yangtze Valley, but there were certain differences among provinces and great variation within provinces. There was the lower yield response in some provinces, such as Sichuan, Yunnan, Hubei and Jiangsu, indicated that had the higher soil nutrient supply in these regions. Therefore, optimal nutrient management should be formulated according to local conditions. By analyzing the parameters of wheat yield response and nutrient use efficiency under optimal nutrient management measured in the Yangtze Valley, nitrogen could be identified as the first limiting factor of wheat yield.

Key words: Yangtze Valley, winter wheat, yield response, nutrient use efficiency

Table 1

The soil characteristics of experimental sites in winter wheat growing-region in Yangtze Valley"

省（市）
Province		 样本数
No. of samples		 小麦种植面积
Wheat planting area（×103 hm2）		 土壤类型
Soil type		 降雨量
Precipitation (mm)		 pH 有机质
OM
(g·kg-1)		 碱解氮
Hydrolyzable N (mg·kg-1)		 速效磷
Olsen P (mg·kg-1)		 速效钾
Available K (mg·kg-1)
四川
Sichuan		 186 64.2 潮土、棕壤土、水稻土
Fluvo-aquic soil, Brown soil, Paddy soil		 900-1800 5.5-8.2 1.6-48.6 13.4-191.3 1.8-62.4 23.9-130.4
云南
Yunnan		 89 343.7 水稻土、红壤土、紫色土
Paddy soils, Red soil, Purplish soil		 600-1500 4.3-7.8 16.5-60.9 21.9-224.0 5.0-50.8 23.9-133.0
贵州
Guizhou		 35 156.0 黄壤土、紫色土
Yellow soil, Purplish soil		 700-1500 6.1-7.6 1.5-32.0 53.0-165.0 5.0-25.3 44.5-123.2
重庆
Chongqing		 20 30.1 黄壤土、水稻土、紫色土
Yellow soil, Paddy soil, Purplish soil		 900-1600 6.5-7.7 9.6-31.2 7.8-145.0 3.0-26.6 58.8-182.4
湖北
Hubei		 106 1153.2 潮土、棕壤土、黄棕壤土
Fluvo-aquic soil, Brown soil, Yellow-brown soil		 800-1600 4.8-8.3 11.0-43.2 42.0-167.3 2.9-34.8 37.1-166.0
安徽
Anhui		 451 2822.8 黑土、潮土、水稻土
Black soil, Fluvo-aquic soil, Paddy soil		 600-1500 4.1-8.4 4.0-28.4 7.6-139.1 1.6-56.6 40.4-270.0
江苏
Jiangsu		 751 2412.8 棕壤土、水稻土、潮土
Brown soil, Paddy soil, Fluvo-aquic soil		 800-1400 5.2-8.5 1.1-46.3 7.3-186.3 2.3-83.1 23.8-213.0
浙江
Zhejiang		 69 103.7 水稻土、红壤土
Paddy soil, Red soil		 1000-1800 3.4-8.3 10.8-60.1 106.0-318.0 0.7-98.5 20.0-237.0
上海
Shanghai		 29 21.0 黄棕壤、水稻土,紫色土
Yellow-brown soil, Paddy soil, Purplish soil		 700-1700 6.1-7.9 10.8-27.9 34.5-134.0 9.4-50.1 62.0-164.0

Fig. 1

Comparison of attainable yield of winter wheat among provinces in Yangtze Valley The middle solid line represents the median value and the short line represent the mean value, the different letters represent the significant difference of 5%, the upper and lower edges of the box, the upper and lower solid lines, and the solid circle represents represent the upper and lower 25%, the 90% and 10% values, the 95% and 5% values. SC: Sichuan; YN: Yunnan; GZ: Guizhou; CQ: Chongqing; HB: Hubei; AH: Anhui; JS: Jiangsu; ZJ: Zhejiang; SH: Shanghai。The same as below"

Fig. 2

Comparison of yield response to N, P and K fertilizer application for winter wheat among provinces in Yangtze Valley"

Fig. 3

Comparison of relative yield to N, P and K fertilizer application for winter wheat among provinces in Yangtze Valley"

Fig. 4

Comparison of agronomic efficiency to N, P and K fertilizer application among provinces in Yangtze Valley"

Fig. 5

Comparison of fertilizer partial productivity to N, P and K fertilizer application among provinces in Yangtze Valley"

Table 2

Comparison of grain yield and nutrient use efficiency between optimal fertilizer practice and farmers’ practices"

参数 Parameter 优化施肥措施 Optimal practice 农民习惯施肥措施 Farmers’ practice
产量 Yield (t·hm-2) 6.2±1.6a 5.7±1.7b
施氮量 Fertilizer N application (kg·hm-2) 154.0±34.0b 207±69.0a
施磷量 Fertilizer P2O5 application (kg·hm-2) 63.0±14.0b 83±52.0a
施钾量 Fertilizer K2O application (kg·hm-2) 55.0±10.0b 82±43.0a
氮肥农学效率AE-N Agronomic efficiency of N (kg·kg-1) 13.4±6.8a 9.5±4.0b
磷肥农学效率AE-P Agronomic efficiency of P (kg·kg-1) 12.6±9.0a 5.7±11.1b
钾肥农学效率AE-K Agronomic efficiency of K (kg·kg-1) 9.6±8.3a 5.2±6.4b
氮肥偏生产力PFP-N Partial factor productivity of N (kg·kg-1) 40.6±18.3a 28.5±10.2b
磷肥偏生产力PFP-P Partial factor productivity of P (kg·kg-1) 100.5±37.4a 81.4±36.9b
钾肥偏生产力PFP-K Partial factor productivity of K (kg·kg-1) 113.5±47.1a 88.1±51.1b
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doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201706.008 pmid: 29745151
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