耐低氮糜子品种的筛选及农艺性状的综合评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.16.002

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study is to find out the evaluation methods of low-nitrogen-tolerant broomcorn millet varieties, to screen the genotypes and identification indexes, and to provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of the low-nitrogen-tolerant varieties and understanding the physiological mechanism of the tolerance to low nitrogen stress.【Method】In the field experiment, 100 broomcorn millet varieties from domestic and foreign places were used for the treatment of low nitrogen stress (0 pure nitrogen) and normal nitrogen application (150 kg·hm^-2 pure nitrogen). Eleven indexes, including nine major agronomic traits (the plant height, stem diameter, number of main-stem nodes, panicle length, straw weight, panicle weight per plant, grain weight per plant, 1000-grain weight and leaf area), nitrogen content and nitrogen absorption were measured for two consecutive years. The low-nitrogen-tolerant index of each indicator was assessed by the method of membership function, and their comprehensive ability of low nitrogen tolerance was evaluated by principal component analysis, regression analysis and cluster analysis.【Result】There were significant differences in all eleven indexes, including plant height, stem diameter, number of main -stem nodes, panicle length, straw weight, panicle weight per plant, grain weight per plant, 1000-grain weight, leaf area, nitrogen content and nitrogen absorption of the tested varieties at different nitrogen levels. Under low nitrogen stress, the growth, biomass accumulation and nitrogen absorption of broomcorn millet were inhibited. The value of each agronomic trait decreased significantly, and the range of variation was reduced. The order of reduction range was that leaf area > straw weight > grain weight per plant > panicle weight per plant > stem diameter > number of main-stem nodes > panicle length > 1000-grain weight > plant height. The nitrogen content and the nitrogen absorption of different broomcorn millet seeds decreased and the decrease range of nitrogen absorption decrease was higher than that of nitrogen content. Under low nitrogen stress, the variation coefficients of plant height, stem diameter, number of main-stem nodes, panicle length, straw weight, panicle weight per plant and grain weight per plant in different broomcorn millet varieties were higher than those of normal nitrogen application levels. Under different nitrogen levels, the variation coefficient of nitrogen absorption in different broomcorn millet seeds was higher than that of nitrogen content. The variation coefficient of nitrogen absorption under low nitrogen stress was higher than that of normal nitrogen application. The principal component analysis was carried out on the low nitrogen tolerance index of 11 indicators, and the five principal components were selected. The cumulative variance contribution rate was 75.83%. The correlation between the low nitrogen tolerance index and the comprehensive evaluation value on the low nitrogen tolerance (D) of seven indicators (the plant height, panicle length, straw weight, panicle weight per plant, grain weight per plant, leaf area, nitrogen absorption) was highly significant. Among them, the correlation of panicle weight per plant, grain weight per plant and nitrogen absorption was higher, with the correlation coefficients 0.858, 0.812 and 0.812, respectively. According to the D-value, 100 varieties of broomcorn millet were classified into three types: Low nitrogen tolerance, intermediate and low nitrogen susceptible.【Conclusion】Through the analysis of the comprehensive characteristics of each trait index, it is concluded that the panicle weight per plant, straw weight, and nitrogen absorption can be used as the first choice for the evaluation of the ability of low nitrogen tolerance. Four varieties of Yumi 3, 2058, Yushu 1 and Yanshu 7 have the strongest tolerance to nitrogen-deficiency.

Key words: broomcorn millet, tolerance to low nitrogen stress, screening index, comprehensive evaluation

CHEN Ling,WANG JunJie,WANG HaiGang,CAO XiaoNing,LIU SiChen,TIAN Xiang,QIN HuiBin,QIAO ZhiJun. Screening of Broomcorn Millet Varieties Tolerant to Low Nitrogen Stress and the Comprehensive Evaluation of Their Agronomic Traits[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(16): 3214-3224.

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References 36

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变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 DF	株高 Plant height (cm)	茎粗 Stem diameter (cm)	主茎节数 Number of main-stem nodes	穗长 Panicle length (cm)	草重 Straw weight (g)	单株穗重 Panicle weight per plant (g)	单株粒重 Grain weight per plant (g)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	叶面积 Leaf area (cm²)	氮含量 N content (%)	氮素吸收 N absorption (g/plant)
品种 Variety	99	66.351**	9.306**	5.871**	26.045**	20.522**	13.967**	32.053**	90.525**	8.760**	3.526**	53.195**
氮水平 N level	1	548.835**	156.044**	94.846**	116.326**	57.198**	120.483**	193.874**	9.286*	254.216**	13.336**	108.061**
年度 Year	1	604.433**	8.235*	7.923*	495.393**	113.788**	43.833**	68.045**	71.738**	13.256**	171.373**	322.841**
品种×氮水平 V×N	99	3.882**	0.774	0.996	1.557**	7.102**	5.802**	10.891**	1.136	3.028**	2.204**	20.466**
品种×年度 V×Y	99	7.210**	0.002	0.010	3.006**	8.107**	8.755	19.005**	1.151	3.345**	2.238**	37.244**
氮水平×年度 N×Y	1	432.984**	0.641	1.172	8.699*	36.478**	1.172	0.366	73.540**	1.454	146.356**	35.192**
品种×氮水平×年度 V×N×Y	99	4.572**	0.000	0.000	2.096**	8.208**	6.462**	11.925**	1.157	2.862**	2.666**	21.435**

参数 Parameter		处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height (cm)	茎粗 Stem diameter (cm)	主茎节数 Number of main-stem nodes	穗长 Panicle length (cm)	草重 Straw weight (g)	单株穗重 Panicle weight per plant (g)	单株粒重 Grain weight per plant (g)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	叶面积 Leaf area (cm²)
年度均值 Annual mean	2017	N+Normal-N	167.11±28.62	5.85±0.95	5.40±0.74	36.11±7.72	15.99±6.80	9.75±4.62	6.78±3.26	7.29±1.24	680.52±316.56
	2017	N-Low-N	163.88±31.38	5.09±0.84	4.90±0.74	32.44±7.45	11.69±5.21	8.58±3.42	5.83±3.05	7.15±1.21	426.76±206.57
	2018	N+Normal-N	171.80±33.77	6.09±0.99	5.85±0.80	46.43±10.64	15.90±10.66	12.58±6.81	8.99±4.61	7.90±1.34	861.16±469.04
	2018	N-Low-N	171.78±16.21	5.51±0.91	5.10±0.77	45.91±12.18	13.94±8.56	10.53±6.38	7.32±4.92	7.43±1.68	713.97±341.02
2年均值 Mean of 2-year		N+Normal-N	169.46±25.13	5.97±0.97	5.62±0.77	41.27±7.68	15.95±6.73	11.16±4.14	7.89±3.30	7.59±1.29	770.84±276.36
2年均值 Mean of 2-year		N-Low-N	167.83±28.18	5.30±0.88	5.00±0.76	39.18±7.56	12.82±5.87	9.56±4.24	6.58±3.39	7.29±1.35	570.37±195.66
范围 Range		N+Normal-N	85.67—220.16	3.43—8.20	3.78-8.60	20.67—58.00	3.90—41.12	3.50—20.45	0.32—14.85	4.01—9.64	223.25—2124.47
范围 Range		N-Low-N	84.67—220.00	3.36—8.15	2.85—6.89	19.33—54.50	2.15—30.78	2.22—22.70	0.32—16.38	4.18—9.90	202.64—1127.14
变异系数 CV (%)		N+Normal-N	14.83	16.25	13.71	18.61	42.22	37.11	41.82	33.89	35.85
变异系数 CV (%)		N-Low-N	16.79	16.57	15.14	19.30	45.77	44.45	51.50	18.54	34.30

参数Parameter		处理Treatment	氮含量N content (%)	氮素吸收N absorption (g/plant)
年度均值 Annual mean	2017	N+Normal-N	2.28±0.26	16.90±6.97
	2017	N-Low-N	2.12±0.18	13.71±6.82
	2018	N+Normal-N	2.10±0.27	17.07±7.25
	2018	N-Low-N	1.97±0.23	14.61±7.78
2年均值 Mean of 2-year		N+Normal-N	2.18±0.18	16.99±6.71
2年均值 Mean of 2-year		N-Low-N	2.04±0.15	14.16±6.90
范围Range		N+Normal-N	1.91—2.81	0.80—32.05
范围Range		N-Low-N	1.75—2.49	0.80—34.27
变异系数CV (%)		N+Normal-N	8.29	39.51
变异系数CV (%)		N-Low-N	7.47	48.74

指标 Index	主成分Principal component
指标 Index	因子1 Factor 1	因子2 Factor 2	因子3 Factor 3	因子4 Factor 4	因子5 Factor5
株高Plant height	0.233	0.273	-0.028	-0.483	0.441
穗长Panicle length	0.217	0.435	-0.311	-0.375	0.063
草重Straw weight	0.327	-0.079	0.290	0.226	0.206
单株穗重Panicle weight per plant	0.493	0.0005	0.096	0.169	-0.029
单株粒重Grain weight per plant	0.497	0.010	-0.039	0.154	-0.101
千粒重1000-grain weight	-0.142	0.272	0.421	0.428	0.498
叶面积Leaf area	0.084	0.218	0.544	-0.292	-0.321
主茎节数Number of main-stem nodes	-0.053	0.452	-0.175	0.337	-0.541
茎粗Stem diameter	-0.098	0.503	-0.322	0.314	0.243
氮含量N content	-0.126	0.389	0.448	-0.137	-0.188
氮吸收量N absorption	0.497	0.010	-0.039	0.154	-0.101
特征值Eigenvalues	3.654	1.440	1.292	1.006	0.950
方差贡献率Variance contribution (%)	33.219	13.089	11.742	9.143	8.632
累积方差贡献率Cumulative variance contribution (%)	33.219	46.308	58.050	67.193	75.825

指标 Index	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	P值 P value
株高 Plant height	0.461	0.0001
穗长 Panicle length	0.377	0.0001
草重 Straw weight	0.666	0.0001
单株穗重 Panicle weight per plant	0.858	0.0001
单株粒重 Grain weight per plant	0.812	0.0001
千粒重 1000-grain weight	0.197	0.0497
叶面积 Leaf area	0.282	0.0045
主茎节数 Number of main-stem nodes	0.037	0.7119
茎粗 Stem diameter	0.073	0.4719
氮含量 N content	0.044	0.6627
氮吸收量 N absorption	0.812	0.0001

Screening of Broomcorn Millet Varieties Tolerant to Low Nitrogen Stress and the Comprehensive Evaluation of Their Agronomic Traits

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