不同糯性高粱胚乳淀粉形成与积累过程的酶学调控机制及显微结构变化

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.14.002

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Sorghum is the main material for liquor-making and brewing well-aged vinegar, and its starch composition and structure are the main factors that influence the brewing quality of sorghum. In this paper, the Dynamic Changes of Key Enzymes Involved in Starch Synthesis are analyzed, the ultrastructure of starch is observed, for confirming the regulatory effect of related enzymes on sorghum starch synthesis, and revealing the ultrastructure characteristics of sorghum starch.【Method】Three sorghum cultivars（Liaonian3, Liaoza19, Liaoza10） with different endosperm types were used as experimental materials. The changes of key enzymes involved in starch synthesis were detected with enzymological technique. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the morphology features of starch granules. The regulation of related enzymes in starch synthesis was studied by correlation analysis. 【Result】 The activity of UDPG, ADPG, SSS, SBE, DBE enzymes of sorghum with different endosperm types showed a single peak curve during starch accumulation. The activity of GBSS enzyme of sorghum with waxy endosperm showed a single peak curve, while other types sorghum showed bimodal curves. Activities of UDPG and ADPG, SSS enzyme were significantly correlated with amylose and amylopectin accumulation rate. Activities of SBE, DBE enzyme were positively correlated with amylopectin accumulation rate. Activities of GBSS enzyme was positively and significantly correlated with amylopectin accumulation rate in non-waxy sorghum and semi-waxy sorghum, it showed a positively correlation trend, but not significant in waxy sorghum. For sorghum with different endosperms, the formation process of starch grains showed a similar tendency. The starch accumulation rate was higher during 14-35 d after flowering. The starch grains of waxy sorghum are the smallest, with a diameter within 10 μm, and carved with round-hole or wedge-shaped cavity inside. The starch grains of nonwaxy sorghum are the largest, irregularly globular, with scarcely cavity inside. The size distribution of sorghum starch granules with semi-waxy endosperm ranges widely, most of them with wedge-shaped or star-shaped cavities inside, only a few with no cave. 【Conclusion】 UDPG, ADPG, SSS play important adjustive roles in the accumulation of amylopectin and amylose. GBSS, SBE and DBE are the key enzymes to regulate the ratio of amylose/amylopectin. Higher activities of SBE and DBE are the main reason that makes waxy sorghum contains higher amylopectin. The ratio of amylose/amylopectin may be the main factor affecting the starch grain structure of sorghum.

Key words: Sorghum bicolor L., amylose, amylopectin, starch synthesis related enzymes, microstructure

KE FuLai,ZHU Kai,LI ZhiHua,SHI YongShun,ZOU JianQiu,WANG YanQiu. Formation Regulating and Micro-Structure of Sorghum Starch with Different Types of Endosperm[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(14): 2774-2785.

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References 39

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品种 Varieties	总淀粉含量 Total starch content (%)	支链淀粉含量 Amylopectin content (%)	直链淀粉含量 Amylose content (%)	支链淀粉占总淀粉的比率^a Ratio of amylopectin to total starch (%)
辽粘3号 Liaonian 3	72.3	70.1	2.2	97.0
辽杂19 Liaoza19	70.3	62.2	8.1	88.5
辽杂10 Liaoza10	74.3	58.6	15.7	78.9

酶 Enzyme	直链淀粉积累速率Amylose accumulation rate			支链淀粉积累速率Amylopectin accumulation rate
酶 Enzyme	辽粘3 Liaonian3	辽杂19 Liaoza19	辽杂10 Liaoza10	辽粘3号 Liaonian3	辽杂19 Liaoza19	辽杂10 Liaoza10
尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶UDPG	0.85*	0.82*	0.89*	0.79*	0.84*	0.86*
腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶ADPG	0.87*	0.89*	0.84*	0.92*	0.85*	0.94*
可溶性淀粉合成酶SSS	0.79*	0.76*	0.74*	0.91*	0.94*	0.92*
结合态淀粉合成酶GBSS	0.64	0.72*	0.75*	0.59	0.49	0.36
淀粉分支酶SBE	0.47	0.58	0.49	0.98*	0.95*	0.86*
淀粉去分支酶DBE	0.42	0.51	0.38	0.78*	0.75*	0.73*

Formation Regulating and Micro-Structure of Sorghum Starch with Different Types of Endosperm

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