覆草对苹果叶片显微结构及光系统功能的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.01.13

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 The influencing mechanisms of orchard mulching grass on the photosynthetic apparatus as well as the physiological function of apple leaves in the northern of the Bohai Gulf were studied in order to provide a theoretical basis for organic cover measures in orchard. 【Method】 ‘Hanfu’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh./GM256/M.baccata Borkh.) and Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. were used as materials, a potted experiment was conducted to determine the effects of orchard mulching grass together with using N on microstructure, photosynthetic pigment contents, gas exchange parameters and overall function of photosynthetic apparatus of apple leaves. The experiment were divided into four parts which were mulching grass treatment (C₁N₀, 1 kg grass per pot), nitrogen fertilizer (C₀N₁, 3.4 g N per pot) and mulching grass + nitrogen fertilizer treatment (C₁N₁, 1 kg grass and 3.4 g N per pot) and control (CK). 【Result】 The results showed that C₁N₀ and C₀N₁ treatments increased the palisade tissue thickness as well as the ratio of PT/ST, however, compared with the control, there was no obvious difference in spongy tissue and the leaf thickness. Leaf microstructure showed that C₁N₁ treatment increased the thickness of the palisade tissue, spongy tissue and leaf by 8.45%, 12.91%, and 19.34%, respectively. It also significantly improved the ratio of PT/ST. Straw mulching treatment could change photosynthetic pigment contents, the ratio of chlorophyll and photosynthetic gas exchange parameters, among them, chlorophyll a content, total chlorophyll content, the ratio of chlorophyll a/b and net photosynthetic rate (P_n) increased by 22.7%, 12.71%, 23.42% and 22.83%, respectively. The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll in C₁N₁ treatmentwere 1.42, 1.04 and 1.37 times than that of control, it also increased the net photosynthetic rate (P_n) and water use efficiency (WUE) by 41.71% and 21.99%, respectively. Photosynthetic pigment content and photosynthetic physiological parameters were higher in C₀N₁ and C₁N₁ treatments than that of C₁N₀ treatment, and control was the lowest. The chlorophyll a fluorescence transient and 820 nm reflection kinetics of apple leaves changed obviously. The JIP-test showed that different treatments increased the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter including maximal photochemistry efficiency of PS Ⅱ (F_v/F_m), efficiency/probability that an electron moves further than Q_A^-(ψ_o), quantum yield for electron transport (φ_E_o), which showed C₁N₁＞C₀N₁＞C₁N₀＞CK. Photosynthetic performance index (PI_ABS), biggest redox ability (ΔI/I_o) of PSⅠ were significantly higher than that of control. Different kinds of treatments promoted the development of apple plant. There was no significant difference between C₁N₀treatment and control in leaf length. However, C₀N₁ treatment increased leaf length by 10.63% compared with the control. C₁N₀ and C₀N₁treatments not only increased leaf width and leaf area, but also promoted the development of the trunk circumference by 8.82% and 12.35%. In addition, apple leaf length, leaf width, leaf area and trunk circumference of C₁N₁ were 1.14, 1.19, 1.44 and 1.21 times higher than that of control, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Under potted experiment, orchard mulching grass and nitrogen fertilizer treatment could improve the overall function of photosynthetic apparatus, and the development level of apple plant significantly.

Key words: apple, mulching grass; nirotgenous fertilizer; microstructure of leaf, function of photosynthetic

Lü San-san, DU Guo-dong, LIU Zhi-kun, Lü De-guo, LI Shuang. Effects of Orchard Mulching Grass on the Microstructure and Function of Photosystem in Apple Leaves[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(1): 130-139.

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