生产条件下谷子品种盐碱耐性的差异及综合评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.22.010

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of the experiment was to identify variation of salt and alkali tolerance of different foxtail millet cultivars under saline-alkali soil and normal soil, and to develop identification method and index. 【Method】In this study, 8 newly developed elite foxtail millet cultivars in summer sowing region were used to explore the differences of salt and alkali tolerance among cultivars on saline-alkali soil and normal soil.【Result】The results showed that there was significant yield differences among cultivars at saline-alkali and control conditions, and the variable coefficients were 13.0% and 39.1%, respectively. Yields of 8 foxtail millet cultivars were reduced in different degree in saline-alkali soil compared with control. The range of yield salt injury rate among cultivars was 20.7%-63.4% and variable coefficient was 48.4%. There existed reduction in weight per panicle, grain weight per panicle, thousand seed weight, plant height, SPAD, shoot biomass and yield index of all cultivars in saline-alkali soil compared with control. Assimilate translocation amount pre-anthesis (ATAPA) was increased by 34.4% and accumulated assimilate amount post-anthesis (AAAPA) was reduced by 42.7% in saline-alkali soil compared with control. There had significantly positive correlation between salt injury rate of yield and contribution rate of accumulated assimilate post-anthesis to grain (CRAAPA) (R=0.859), and had significantly negative correlation between salt injury rate of yield and weight per panicle (R=0.859), grain weight per panicle (R=0.859), shoot biomass (R=-0.895), ATAPA (R=-0.935), assimilate translocation rate pre-anthesis (ATRPA) (R=-0.880), contribution rate of translocated assimilate pre-anthesis to grain (CRTAPA) (R=-0.859), AAAPA (R=-0.909) and shoot water content at anthesis (R=-0.834). Weight per panicle, grain weight per panicle, shoot biomass and shoot water content were screened as salt and alkali tolerant indexes from principal component analysis, Jigu21 and Jigu22 were screened as high salt and alkali tolerant cultivars from principal component analysis and membership function.【Conclusion】8 foxtail millet cultivars had different salt and alkali tolerance in saline-alkali soil, and Jigu22 and Jigu21 were selected as the strong salt and alkali tolerant cultivars. Weight per panicle, grain weight per panicle, shoot biomass and shoot water content at anthesis were screened as salt and alkali tolerance indexes. ATAPA was increased and AAAPA was reduced in saline-alkali soil compared with control, and salt injury rate of yield negatively correlated with ATAPA and shoot water content at anthesis, which showed that improving shoot water content at anthesis and the contribution rate of translocated assimilate pre-anthesis to yield were important approaches to increase foxtail millet grain yield on saline-alkali soil.

Key words: foxtail millet, saline-alkali soil, transport assimilation, shoot water content, principal component analysis

CHEN ErYing, QIN Ling, YANG YanBing, LI FeiFei, WANG RunFeng, ZHANG HuaWen, WANG HaiLian, LIU Bin, KONG QingHua, GUAN YanAn. Variation and Comprehensive Evaluation of Salt and Alkali Tolerance of Different Foxtail Millet Cultivars Under Production Conditions[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(22): 4050-4065.

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URL: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/EN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.22.010

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Figures/Tables 14

Fig. 1

Table 1

Fig. 2

Table 2

Yield components of different foxtail millet cultivars"

地点 Sites	品种 Cultivars	单穗重 WPP (g)	单穗粒重 GWPP(g)	出谷率 PGWPP(%)	千粒重 TKW(g)	干物重 SBW(kg·hm^-2)	株高 PH(cm)	收获指数 HI(%)
济南 Jinan	济谷17 Jigu17	13.69±0.95bcd	11.56±0.53cde	84.55±1.99ab	3.04±0.031ab	11779.90±261.00d	132.0±4.64a	43.19±0.12bcde
	济谷18 Jigu18	15.22±1.09ab	12.54±1.05abc	82.32±1.03b	2.93±0.027c	12537.40±175.70cd	122.4±1.39bc	44.32±2.49bcd
	济谷19 Jigu19	12.10±0.445de	10.36±0.28def	85.70±0.82a	2.92±0.033c	10290.40±75.40e	128.8±2.50ab	45.63±0.57abc
	济谷20 Jigu20	16.16±0.08a	13.86±0.24a	85.74±1.01a	2.99±0.029bc	12860.15±202.45c	118.4±3.21cd	49.28±0.74a
	济谷21 Jigu21	16.10±1.07a	13.78±0.75a	85.66±0.99a	3.07±0.029a	14832.10±180.10a	117.0±1.93cd	42.29±1.27cde
	济谷22 Jigu22	16.05±0.60a	13.39±0.38ab	83.42±0.80ab	2.96±0.018c	13674.95±174.95b	117.5±2.54cd	43.49±0.12bcde
	中谷2 Zhonggu2	14.36±1.01abc	12.06±1.04bcd	83.86±1.33ab	2.97±0.012c	12497.80±311.90cd	112.4±2.60de	44.43±1.56bcd
	冀谷39 Jigu39	14.88±0.44abc	12.77±0.26abc	85.84±0.79a	3.04±0.024ab	12111.20±123.20cd	119.6±2.51c	47.01±1.90ab
东营 Dongying	济谷17 Jigu17	12.03±0.42de	9.46±0.33f	78.65±0.03c	2.75±0.003de	5999.85±82.35g	107.3±2.90e	42.55±0.88cde
	济谷18 Jigu18	7.76±0.48f	6.11±0.42g	78.73±0.49c	2.51±0.007g	4711.05±264.15h	85.0±1.10h	35.01±0.44f
	济谷19 Jigu19	8.79±1.12f	6.94±0.82g	78.96±0.79c	2.67±0.012f	4590.45±281.25h	91.9±2.02fg	40.63±1.31de
	济谷20 Jigu20	12.89±0.44cde	10.24±0.36ef	79.43±0.07c	2.56±0.006g	6432.75±474.75g	96.9±2.60f	43.10±1.67bcde
	济谷21 Jigu21	15.53±0.60ab	12.36±0.47abc	79.57±0.02c	2.80±0.003d	8353.35±179.55f	94.6±1.58fg	39.94±0.68e
	济谷22 Jigu22	15.90±0.57a	12.55±0.43abc	78.91±0.14c	2.70±0.012ef	8092.35±508.05f	94.7±1.81fg	41.94±1.21cde
	中谷2 Zhonggu2	11.52±0.43e	9.07±0.35f	78.71±0.10c	2.50±0.007g	6220.35±210.15g	88.9±1.80gh	39.34±0.17e
	冀谷39 Jigu39	7.99±0.62f	6.29±0.50g	78.76±0.12c	2.66±0.010f	4851.90±35.10h	74.7±2.05i	35.00±1.53f
CV_济南(JN)		13.50	13.47	2.22	3.08	15.01	20.80	7.18
CV_东营(DY)		39.11	39.49	0.62	7.23	33.54	40.00	11.26
F_地点F_Site		84.39**	143.23**	177.33**	899.79**	2538.64**	564.60**	55.27**
F_品种F_Cultivar		16.99**	17.52**	1.64	20.99**	55.53**	15.10**	3.77*
F_{地点×品种}F_{Site× Cultivar}		7.12**	6.81**	0.96	6.95**	4.77**	6.70**	3.79*

Table 2

Table 3

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Table 4

Assimilate accumulation and translocation and contribution rate to grain among different foxtail millet cultivars"

地点 Site	品种 Cultivars	花前同化物质转运量 ATAPA (g/plant)	花前同化物质转运率 ATRPA (%)	花前转运同化物质对籽粒贡献率CRTAPA (%)	花后同化物质积累量 AAAPA (g/plant)	花后同化物质积累量对籽粒贡献率 CRAAPA (%)
济南 Jinan	济谷17 Jigu17	2.27±0.15ef	12.98±0.28ef	19.63±0.39efg	9.29±0.39abc	80.37±0.04abc
	济谷18 Jigu18	2.61±0.04de	14.26±0.041def	20.94±1.41def	9.93±1.01ab	79.06±1.41bcd
	济谷19 Jigu19	2.14±0.16ef	14.75±1.01def	20.69±2.13def	8.23±0.45bcd	79.32±2.13bcd
	济谷20 Jigu20	3.28±0.19bc	18.74±1.59bc	23.72±1.78d	10.58±0.43a	76.29±1.78d
	济谷21 Jigu21	2.98±0.27cd	13.69±1.04ef	21.60±0.77de	10.80±0.49a	78.41±0.77cd
	济谷22 Jigu22	2.31±0.03ef	11.75±0.96f	17.24±0.65fg	11.05±0.66a	82.77±0.65ab
	中谷2 Zhonggu2	2.63±0.18de	14.87±0.85def	21.82±0.04de	9.43±1.22ab	78.18±0.42cd
	冀谷39 Jigu39	2.01±0.16f	12.27±1.43ef	15.69±0.89g	10.77±0.11a	84.31±0.89a
东营 Dongying	济谷17 Jigu17	3.69±0.19b	22.43±0.93ab	39.03±0.68a	5.77±0.14efg	60.97±0.68g
	济谷18 Jigu18	1.97±0.04f	14.84±0.55def	32.40±1.57c	4.14±0.76g	67.61±1.57e
	济谷19 Jigu19	2.18±0.14ef	17.80±1.26cd	31.63±1.72c	4.76±0.96fg	68.37±1.72e
	济谷20 Jigu20	3.87±0.01b	22.31±1.82ab	37.82±1.38ab	6.38±0.37def	62.18±1.38fg
	济谷21 Jigu21	5.18±0.46a	21.77±1.35ab	41.83±2.13a	7.18±0.01de	58.18±2.13g
	济谷22 Jigu22	5.12±0.37a	22.83±2.74a	40.72±1.55a	7.43±0.80cde	59.28±1.55g
	中谷2 Zhonggu2	2.97±0.16cd	17.54±1.22cd	32.73±0.51c	6.10±0.51ef	67.27±0.51e
	冀谷39 Jigu39	2.19±0.07ef	15.79±0.01cde	34.91±1.69bc	4.11±0.57g	65.10±1.69ef
CV_济南(JN)		24.36	21.61	18.20	13.76	4.60
CV_东营(DY)		53.60	23.83	15.52	31.86	8.87
F_地点F_Site		74.59**	69.53**	569.32**	178.46**	569.33**
F_品种F_Cultivar		28.64**	5.26**	5.65**	4.47**	5.65**
F_地点×品F_{Site×Cultivar}		17.02**	4.45**	6.62**	1.91**	6.62**

Table 4

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

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地点 Site	全N Total N （g·kg^-1）	速效N Available N（mg·kg^-1）	速效P Available P（mg·kg^-1）	速效K Available K（mg·kg^-1）	有机质 Organic content（mg·kg^-1）	水溶性盐含量 Soluble salt content（g·kg^-1）	pH
东营Dongying	1.06	41.81	11.17	213	15.84	3.20	7.8
济南Jinan	1.31	46.59	12.46	219	17.24	0.61	7.1

品种 Cultivars	单穗重盐害率 SIRWPP(%)	单穗粒重盐害率 SIRGWPP(%)	出谷率盐害率 SIRPGWPP(%)	千粒重盐害率 SIRTKW(%)	干物重盐害率 SIRSBW(%)	株高盐害率 SIRPH(%)	籽粒收获指数盐害率 SIRGHI(%)
济谷17 Jigu17	11.97±3.07cd	18.13±0.96cd	6.98±0.02ab	9.63±0.96c	49.05±0.45de	18.69±3.01c	1.49±0.02d
济谷18 Jigu18	48.99±0.47a	51.20±0.75a	4.35±0.60c	14.43±0.76ab	62.45±1.55a	30.56±1.49b	20.83±3.48a
济谷19 Jigu19	27.55±6.61b	33.25±6.06b	7.87±0.04a	8.64±1.01c	55.40±2.40bc	28.62±2.19b	11.02±2.00bc
济谷20 Jigu20	20.23±2.32bc	26.12±1.34bc	7.36±1.02ab	14.27±0.77ab	50.00±2.90cd	18.10±1.72c	12.57±2.08b
济谷21 Jigu21	3.53±0.35de	10.23±1.46de	7.10±1.10ab	8.79±0.91c	43.70±0.50ef	19.16±1.81c	5.54±1.25cd
济谷22 Jigu22	0.94±0.16e	6.30±0.58e	5.40±0.74bc	8.99±0.46c	40.85±2.95f	19.35±2.45c	3.59±0.29d
中谷2 Zhonggu2	19.61±2.73bc	24.50±3.66bc	6.15±0.25abc	15.84±0.46a	50.25±0.45cd	20.95±1.80c	11.38±2.76bc
冀谷39 Jigu39	46.39±2.61a	50.78±2.92a	8.25±0.71a	12.39±0.53b	59.90±0.70ab	37.50±2.59a	25.63±2.37a
标准差 SD	25.34	23.80	1.85	5.12	10.55	27.20	11.79
F值 F value	35.19**	35.27**	3.68*	15.10**	16.86**	10.35**	15.78**

指标 Index	产量盐害率 SIRY	单穗重 WPP	单穗粒重 GWPP	出谷率 PGWPP	千粒重 TKW	干物重 SBW	籽粒收获指数 HI	SPAD	花前同化物质转运量ATAPA	花前同化物质转运率ATRPA	花前转运同化物质对籽粒贡献率CRTAPA	花后同化物质积累量AAAPA	花后同化物质积累量对籽粒贡献率CRAAPA	开花期地上部含水量SWCAA	成熟期地上部总含水量SWCAM
产量盐害率 SIRY	1.000
单穗重WPP	-0.937**	1.000
单穗粒重GWPP	-0.933**	1.000**	1.000
出谷率PGWPP	-0.286	0.546	0.559	1.000
千粒重TKW	-0.618	0.48	0.482	0.314	1.000
干物重SBW	-0.895**	0.977**	0.978**	0.559	0.473	1.000
籽粒收获指数HI	-0.688	0.665	0.663	0.348	0.374	0.494	1.000
SPAD	-0.564	0.707	0.704	0.305	-0.120	0.718*	0.309	1.000
花前同化物质转运量 ATAPA	-0.935**	0.987**	0.988**	0.573	0.570	0.976**	0.620	0.636	1.000
花前同化物质转运率 ATRPA	-0.880**	0.879**	0.879**	0.488	0.561	0.774*	0.887**	0.463	0.882**	1.000
花前转运同化物质对籽粒贡献率 CRTAPA	-0.859**	0.866**	0.868**	0.519	0.702	0.864**	0.521	0.438	0.929**	0.852**	1.000
花后同化物质积累量 AAAPA	-0.909**	0.989**	0.988**	0.533	0.380	0.957**	0.687	0.758*	0.953**	0.853**	0.785*	1.000
花后同化物质积累量对籽粒贡献率 CRAAPA	0.859**	-0.866**	-0.868**	-0.519	-0.702	-0.864**	-0.521	-0.438	-.929**	-0.852**	-1.000**	-0.785*	1.000
开花期地上部含水量 SWCAA	-0.834*	0.828*	0.830*	0.528	0.702	0.769*	0.733*	0.383	0.856**	0.918**	0.894**	0.783*	-0.894**	1.000
成熟期地上部含水量 SWCAM	0.706	-0.794*	-0.794*	-0.506	-0.192	-0.689	-0.840**	-0.446	-0.742*	-0.825*	-0.56	-0.826*	0.560	-0.639	1.000

	主成分 Principal component	I	Ⅱ	Ⅲ
	特征值Eigen value	11.175	1.475	1.029
	贡献率Contribution (%)	74.498	9.835	6.863
	累计贡献率Cumulative contribution (%)	74.498	84.334	91.196
载荷因子 Load factor	产量盐害率YSIR	-0.940	0.048	-0.016
	单穗重WPP	0.983	0.143	0.073
	单穗粒重GWPP	0.984	0.140	0.075
	出谷率PGWPP	0.577	0.011	0.049
	千粒重TKW	0.578	-0.765	0.090
	干物重SBW	0.942	0.144	0.266
	籽粒收获指数HI	0.728	0.008	-0.660
	SPAD	0.611	0.672	0.295
	花前同化物质转运量ATAPA	0.987	0.017	0.135
	花前同化物质转运率ATRPA	0.939	-0.089	-0.283
	花前转运同化物质对籽粒贡献率CRTAPA	0.916	-0.269	0.208
	花后同化物质积累量AAAPA	0.957	0.262	0.015
	花后同化物质积累量对籽粒贡献率CRAAPA	-0.916	0.269	-0.208
	开花期地上部含水量SWCAA	-0.793	-0.271	0.471
	成熟期地上部含水量SWCAM	0.906	-0.281	-0.089

品种 Variety	CI₁	CI₂	CI₃	μ(X₁)	μ(X₂)	μ(X₃)	D	排名Order
济谷17JG17	0.421	-1.344	-1.111	0.674	0.000	0.069	0.556	4
济谷18JG18	-1.312	0.288	0.299	0.000	0.545	0.582	0.103	8
济谷19JG19	-0.784	-0.459	-1.301	0.205	0.296	0.000	0.200	6
济谷20JG20	0.541	0.835	-0.855	0.721	0.728	0.162	0.680	3
济谷21JG21	1.258	-0.700	0.937	1.000	0.215	0.814	0.901	2
济谷22JG22	1.210	0.557	0.520	0.981	0.635	0.662	0.920	1
中谷2ZG2	-0.309	1.649	0.062	0.390	1.000	0.495	0.464	5
冀谷39JG39	-1.026	-0.827	1.449	0.111	0.173	1.000	0.185	7
权重Weights	0.817	0.108	0.075

Variation and Comprehensive Evaluation of Salt and Alkali Tolerance of Different Foxtail Millet Cultivars Under Production Conditions

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