Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (21): 3830-3841.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.21.012

• SPECIAL FOCUS: CHANGE OF SOIL PHOSPHRUS AND ITS EFFICIENT UTILIZATION • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Change of Phosphorus in Red Soil and Its Effect to Grain Yield Under Long-Term Different Fertilizations

LI DongChu1,2,WANG BoRen2(),HUANG Jing2,ZHANG YangZhu1,XU MingGang2,ZHANG ShuXiang2,ZHANG HuiMin2()   

  1. 1 College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128
    2 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2019-06-05 Accepted:2019-07-25 Online:2019-11-01 Published:2019-11-12
  • Contact: BoRen WANG,HuiMin ZHANG E-mail:wangboren@caas.cn;zhanghuimin@caas.cn

Abstract:

【Objective】 Change characteristic of phosphorus (P) in red soil were quantified under long term different fertilizations, and effects of P on soil productivity were studied, so as to provide a theoretical basis for P management in red soil regions in southern China. 【Method】 Change of soil Olsen-P and total P content was compared under long term no P fertilization (CK, N, NK), chemical P fertilizer (PK, NP, NPK), application of chemical fertilizer combined with half crop straw return (NPKS) and application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer combined with organic manure (1.5NPKM, NPKM, M) using long term trial platform in the upland red soil (from 1991-2016). Responses of soil P to P balance were analyzed. Different models were used to fit the response curve of crops yield to Olsen-P in the red soil. The critical P value of soil Olsen-P for crop yield (CV) was calculated. 【Result】 The Olsen-P and total P increased, and P activation coefficient (PAC) promoted under long term P fertilization in the red soil. PAC was higher under application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer combined with organic manure (1.5NPKM, NPKM, M) than that under application of chemical fertilizer combined with half crop straw return (NPKS) and chemical P fertilizer (PK, NP, NPK). Changes of Olsen-P and total P were significantly affected by P balance (P<0.01). Soil Olsen-P increased by 3.00-5.22 mg·kg -1, and total P increased by 0.02-0.06 g·kg -1 with 100 kg P·hm -2 cumulative surplus in the red soil. The Olsen-P decreased with years under long term no P fertilization (CK, N, NK), and they decreased by 1.85 mg·kg -1, 0.40 mg·kg -1, and 1.76 mg·kg -1, respectively, with 100 kg P·hm -2 cumulative deficiency in the red soil. Grain yields of wheat and maize were significant higher under application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer combined with organic manure (1.5NPKM, NPKM, M) than that under application of chemical fertilizer combined with half crop straw return (NPKS) and chemical P fertilizer (PK, NP, NPK) than under no P fertilizations (CK, N, NK). Sustainability index of grain yield (SYI) were higher under application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer combined with organic manure (1.5NPKM, NPKM, M) than that under the other treatments. Three models (linear-linear model, linear-platform model and Michelice model) were better fit the response of crop yield to Olsen-P in red soil (P<0.01). Linear-linear model was recommended for the higher R 2. The critical value of Olsen-P content in agronomic in red soil of wheat and maize were 13.5 mg·kg -1, and 23.4 mg·kg -1, respectively, calculated by linear-linear mode. 【Conclusion】 Application of chemical fertilizer combined with organic manure were recommended in red soil region of southern China. That had the beneficial for P accumulation and promoting P availability. Applications of chemical fertilizer combined with organic manure were also used to keep the high and stable production. Linear-linear model was recommended to calculate the critical value of Olsen-P content in agronomic. Application rates of P fertilizer should be adjusted timely according to the difference between actual Olsen-P content in the soil and critical value of Olsen-P content in agronomic in productivity.

Key words: Olsen-P, total P, relative yield, PAC, P balance, critical value of Olsen-P content in agronomic, long-term fertilization, red soil

Table 1

Application rates of fertilizers under different treatments"

处理
Treatment
玉米季Maize 小麦季Wheat
化肥
Mineral fertilizer (kg·hm-2)
猪粪鲜重
Swine manure (t·hm-2)
化肥
Mineral fertilizer (kg·hm-2)
猪粪鲜重
Swine manure (t·hm-2)
CK 0-0-0 0 0-0-0 0
N 210-0-0 0 90-0-0 0
NP 210-84-0 0 90-36-0 0
NK 210-0-84 0 90-0-36 0
PK 0-84-84 0 0-36-36 0
NPK 210-84-84 0 90-36-36 0
NPKM 63-84-84 29.4 27-36-36 12.6
1.5NPKM 95-126-126 44.1 40-54-54 18.9
NPKS 210-84-84 1/2秸秆还田
1/2 crop straw return
90-36-36 1/2秸秆还田
1/2 crop straw return
M 0-0-0 42 0-0-0 18

Fig. 1

Change of total P in red soil under different fertilizations during the period of 1991-2016"

Fig. 2

Change of Olsen-P in red soil under different fertilizations during the period of 1991-2016"

Fig. 3

Change of PAC value in red soil under different fertilizations during the period of 1991-2016"

Fig. 4

Correlations relationship between soil total P change and P balance under long-term fertilizations during the period of 1991-2016"

Fig. 5

Correlations relationship between soil Olsen-P change and P balance under long-term fertilizations during the period of 1991-2016"

Fig. 6

Correlations relationship between soil total P, Olsen-P change and P balance under long-term fertilizations during the period of 1991-2016"

Table 2

Grain yield and SYI of wheat and maize under different long term fertilizations during the period of 1991-2016"

处理
Treatments
小麦产量
Grain yield of wheat
(kg·hm-2·a-1)
产量可持续指数
SYI
玉米产量
Grain yield of maize
(kg·hm-2·a-1)
产量可持续指数
SYI
年总产量
Grain yield annually
(kg·hm-2·a-1)
产量可持续指数
SYI
CK 332.2±135.0 C 0.32 241.7±207.5 F 0.04 573.9±287.5E 0.23
N 275.5±392.8 C -0.09 578.4±721.3 F -0.05 853.9±1079.6E -0.06
NP 774.3±584.4 B 0.09 1438.5±1254.1E 0.05 2212.8± 1780.3D 0.07
NK 302.9±416.8 C -0.09 801.9±951.5 F -0.05 1104.8±1342.9E -0.06
PK 829.2±279.8 B 0.37 453.7±286.2 F 0.12 1282.9± 430.2E 0.38
NPK 941.0±612.3 B 0.14 2571.4±1580.9D 0.17 3512.5±1985.5C 0.22
NPKM 1569.5±429.1 A 0.48 5185.8±1026.6 B 0.58 6755.2±1034.9 A 0.65
1.5NPKM 1555.6±478.2 A 0.42 5802.2± 1225.1A 0.54 7357.8±1343.6A 0.61
NPKS 1065.9±653.6 B 0.16 2969.6±1802.5 D 0.18 4034.5±2268.0 C 0.23
M 1349.3±424.0 A 0.41 3760.2±1064.1C 0.46 5109.5±1146.0B 0.51

Fig. 7

Responses of relative yield of wheat (a) and maize (b) to soil Olsen-P content under different long term fertilizations Short dash line, solid line and dotted line represent fitted curves by linear-linear model, linear-platform model and Michelice model respectively"

Table 3

The critical P value of soil Olsen-P for crop yield (CV) under different long term fertilizations"

作物
Crop
样本数
N
线线模型LL 线性-平台模型LP 米切里西方程EXP 农学阈值平均
Mean of CV
(mg·kg-1)
农学阈值
CV (mg·kg-1)
R2 农学阈值
CV (mg·kg-1)
R2 农学阈值
CV (mg·kg-1)
R2
小麦 Wheat 108 13.5 0.72** 22.3 0.67** 28.8 0.69** 21.5
玉米 Maize 108 23.4 0.66** 29.2 0.65** 46.0 0.67** 32.9
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