长期不同施肥红壤磷素变化及其对产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.21.012

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Change characteristic of phosphorus (P) in red soil were quantified under long term different fertilizations, and effects of P on soil productivity were studied, so as to provide a theoretical basis for P management in red soil regions in southern China. 【Method】 Change of soil Olsen-P and total P content was compared under long term no P fertilization (CK, N, NK), chemical P fertilizer (PK, NP, NPK), application of chemical fertilizer combined with half crop straw return (NPKS) and application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer combined with organic manure (1.5NPKM, NPKM, M) using long term trial platform in the upland red soil (from 1991-2016). Responses of soil P to P balance were analyzed. Different models were used to fit the response curve of crops yield to Olsen-P in the red soil. The critical P value of soil Olsen-P for crop yield (CV) was calculated. 【Result】 The Olsen-P and total P increased, and P activation coefficient (PAC) promoted under long term P fertilization in the red soil. PAC was higher under application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer combined with organic manure (1.5NPKM, NPKM, M) than that under application of chemical fertilizer combined with half crop straw return (NPKS) and chemical P fertilizer (PK, NP, NPK). Changes of Olsen-P and total P were significantly affected by P balance (P＜0.01). Soil Olsen-P increased by 3.00-5.22 mg·kg ^-1, and total P increased by 0.02-0.06 g·kg ^-1 with 100 kg P·hm ^-2 cumulative surplus in the red soil. The Olsen-P decreased with years under long term no P fertilization (CK, N, NK), and they decreased by 1.85 mg·kg ^-1, 0.40 mg·kg ^-1, and 1.76 mg·kg ^-1, respectively, with 100 kg P·hm ^-2 cumulative deficiency in the red soil. Grain yields of wheat and maize were significant higher under application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer combined with organic manure (1.5NPKM, NPKM, M) than that under application of chemical fertilizer combined with half crop straw return (NPKS) and chemical P fertilizer (PK, NP, NPK) than under no P fertilizations (CK, N, NK). Sustainability index of grain yield (SYI) were higher under application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer combined with organic manure (1.5NPKM, NPKM, M) than that under the other treatments. Three models (linear-linear model, linear-platform model and Michelice model) were better fit the response of crop yield to Olsen-P in red soil (P＜0.01). Linear-linear model was recommended for the higher R ². The critical value of Olsen-P content in agronomic in red soil of wheat and maize were 13.5 mg·kg ^-1, and 23.4 mg·kg ^-1, respectively, calculated by linear-linear mode. 【Conclusion】 Application of chemical fertilizer combined with organic manure were recommended in red soil region of southern China. That had the beneficial for P accumulation and promoting P availability. Applications of chemical fertilizer combined with organic manure were also used to keep the high and stable production. Linear-linear model was recommended to calculate the critical value of Olsen-P content in agronomic. Application rates of P fertilizer should be adjusted timely according to the difference between actual Olsen-P content in the soil and critical value of Olsen-P content in agronomic in productivity.

Key words: Olsen-P, total P, relative yield, PAC, P balance, critical value of Olsen-P content in agronomic, long-term fertilization, red soil

LI DongChu,WANG BoRen,HUANG Jing,ZHANG YangZhu,XU MingGang,ZHANG ShuXiang,ZHANG HuiMin. Change of Phosphorus in Red Soil and Its Effect to Grain Yield Under Long-Term Different Fertilizations[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(21): 3830-3841.

Figures/Tables 10

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处理 Treatment	玉米季Maize		小麦季Wheat
处理 Treatment	化肥 Mineral fertilizer (kg·hm^-2)	猪粪鲜重 Swine manure (t·hm^-2)	化肥 Mineral fertilizer (kg·hm^-2)	猪粪鲜重 Swine manure (t·hm^-2)
CK	0-0-0	0	0-0-0	0
N	210-0-0	0	90-0-0	0
NP	210-84-0	0	90-36-0	0
NK	210-0-84	0	90-0-36	0
PK	0-84-84	0	0-36-36	0
NPK	210-84-84	0	90-36-36	0
NPKM	63-84-84	29.4	27-36-36	12.6
1.5NPKM	95-126-126	44.1	40-54-54	18.9
NPKS	210-84-84	1/2秸秆还田 1/2 crop straw return	90-36-36	1/2秸秆还田 1/2 crop straw return
M	0-0-0	42	0-0-0	18

处理 Treatments	小麦产量 Grain yield of wheat (kg·hm^-2·a^-1)	产量可持续指数 SYI	玉米产量 Grain yield of maize (kg·hm^-2·a^-1)	产量可持续指数 SYI	年总产量 Grain yield annually (kg·hm^-2·a^-1)	产量可持续指数 SYI
CK	332.2±135.0 C	0.32	241.7±207.5 F	0.04	573.9±287.5E	0.23
N	275.5±392.8 C	-0.09	578.4±721.3 F	-0.05	853.9±1079.6E	-0.06
NP	774.3±584.4 B	0.09	1438.5±1254.1E	0.05	2212.8± 1780.3D	0.07
NK	302.9±416.8 C	-0.09	801.9±951.5 F	-0.05	1104.8±1342.9E	-0.06
PK	829.2±279.8 B	0.37	453.7±286.2 F	0.12	1282.9± 430.2E	0.38
NPK	941.0±612.3 B	0.14	2571.4±1580.9D	0.17	3512.5±1985.5C	0.22
NPKM	1569.5±429.1 A	0.48	5185.8±1026.6 B	0.58	6755.2±1034.9 A	0.65
1.5NPKM	1555.6±478.2 A	0.42	5802.2± 1225.1A	0.54	7357.8±1343.6A	0.61
NPKS	1065.9±653.6 B	0.16	2969.6±1802.5 D	0.18	4034.5±2268.0 C	0.23
M	1349.3±424.0 A	0.41	3760.2±1064.1C	0.46	5109.5±1146.0B	0.51

作物 Crop	样本数 N	线线模型LL		线性-平台模型LP		米切里西方程EXP		农学阈值平均 Mean of CV (mg·kg^-1)
作物 Crop	样本数 N	农学阈值 CV (mg·kg^-1)	R²	农学阈值 CV (mg·kg^-1)	R²	农学阈值 CV (mg·kg^-1)	R²	农学阈值平均 Mean of CV (mg·kg^-1)
小麦 Wheat	108	13.5	0.72**	22.3	0.67**	28.8	0.69**	21.5
玉米 Maize	108	23.4	0.66**	29.2	0.65**	46.0	0.67**	32.9

Change of Phosphorus in Red Soil and Its Effect to Grain Yield Under Long-Term Different Fertilizations

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